「ハプログループO1b2 (Y染色体)」の版間の差分

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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192行目: 192行目:
**33.7% (34/101)<ref name="Katoh2005"/>
**33.7% (34/101)<ref name="Katoh2005"/>
*[[シボ族]] 2.4% (1/41)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[シボ族]] 2.4% (1/41)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[ナナイ族]] 2.7%以下（≤1/37） [[ハバロフスク地方]]サマル氏族<ref name = "Bogunov2015">Y.V. Bogunov, O.V. Maltseva, A.A. Bogunova, and E.V. Balanovskaya, "The Nanai Clan Samar: the Structure of Gene Pool Based on Y-Chromosome Markers." ''Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia'' 43/2 (2015) 146–152. {{doi|10.1016/j.aeae.2015.09.015}}.</ref>、4.4% (2/45) 黒竜江省<ref name = "Xue2006">Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." ''Genetics'' 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). {{DOI|10.1534/genetics.105.054270}}.</ref><ref name = "Lippold2014">Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y-chromosome and mtDNA sequences." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2014, 5:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-2223-5-13</ref><ref name = "He2022">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Chang‐Hui Liu, Chao Liu, Gang Chen, and Chuan‐Chao Wang, "Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity." ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'' 00 (0): 1–21, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12827</ref>
*[[ナナイ族]] 2.7%以下（≤1/37） [[ハバロフスク地方]]サマル氏族<ref name = "Bogunov2015">Y.V. Bogunov, O.V. Maltseva, A.A. Bogunova, and E.V. Balanovskaya, "The Nanai Clan Samar: the Structure of Gene Pool Based on Y-Chromosome Markers." ''Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia'' 43/2 (2015) 146–152. {{doi|10.1016/j.aeae.2015.09.015}}.</ref>、4.4% (2/45) 黒竜江省<ref name = "Xue2006">Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." ''Genetics'' 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). {{DOI|10.1534/genetics.105.054270}}.</ref><ref name = "Lippold2014">Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y-chromosome and mtDNA sequences." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2014, 5:13. {{doi|10.1186/2041-2223-5-13}}.</ref><ref name = "He2022">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Chang‐Hui Liu, Chao Liu, Gang Chen, and Chuan‐Chao Wang, "Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity." ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'' 00 (0): 1–21, 2022. {{doi|10.1111/jse.12827}}.</ref>
*ウリチ族またはナナイ族 ハバロフスク地方ウリチスキー地区旧ブラヴァ村及び新ブラヴァ村 15.1%以下 (≤8/53)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
*ウリチ族またはナナイ族 ハバロフスク地方ウリチスキー地区旧ブラヴァ村及び新ブラヴァ村 15.1%以下 (≤8/53)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
*[[ウリチ|ウリチ族]] 1.9%以下（≤1/52）<ref name = "Balanovska2018">E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, O. A. Balaganskaya, A. T. Agdzhoyan, A. A. Bogunova, R. A. Skhalyakho, I. E. Alborova, M. K. Zhabagin, S. M. Koshel, D. M. Daragan, E. B. Borisova, A. A. Galakhova, O. V. Maltceva, Kh. Kh. Mustafin, N. K. Yankovsky, and O. P. Balanovsky, "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253. {{ISSN|1022-7954}}, {{doi|10.1134/S1022795418100046}}.</ref>
*[[ウリチ|ウリチ族]] 1.9%以下（≤1/52）<ref name = "Balanovska2018">E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, O. A. Balaganskaya, A. T. Agdzhoyan, A. A. Bogunova, R. A. Skhalyakho, I. E. Alborova, M. K. Zhabagin, S. M. Koshel, D. M. Daragan, E. B. Borisova, A. A. Galakhova, O. V. Maltceva, Kh. Kh. Mustafin, N. K. Yankovsky, and O. P. Balanovsky, "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253. {{ISSN|1022-7954}}, {{doi|10.1134/S1022795418100046}}.</ref>
251行目: 251行目:
**[[湖南省]] 2.9% (4/137)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[湖南省]] 2.9% (4/137)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[貴州省]] 0% (0/26) 遵義市・貴陽市・畢節市<ref name = "WangMengge2023" />、0% (0/19)<ref name = "WangMengge2021">Wang M, Yuan D, Zou X, Wang Z, Yeh H-Y, Liu J, Wei L-H, Wang C-C, Zhu B, Liu C, and He G (2021), "Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:727821. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2021.727821}}.</ref>、0% (0/8)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[貴州省]] 0% (0/26) 遵義市・貴陽市・畢節市<ref name = "WangMengge2023" />、0% (0/19)<ref name = "WangMengge2021">Wang M, Yuan D, Zou X, Wang Z, Yeh H-Y, Liu J, Wei L-H, Wang C-C, Zhu B, Liu C, and He G (2021), "Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:727821. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2021.727821}}.</ref>、0% (0/8)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[台湾]] 0% (0/84)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0.57% (2/352)<ref name = "Trejaut2014">Trejaut, J.A., Poloni, E.S., Yen, JC. et al. Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia. BMC Genet 15, 77 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-15-77</ref>
**[[台湾]] 0% (0/84)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0.57% (2/352)<ref name = "Trejaut2014">Trejaut, J.A., Poloni, E.S., Yen, JC. et al. Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia. BMC Genet 15, 77 (2014). {{doi|10.1186/1471-2156-15-77}}.</ref>
**[[上海市]] 0.15% (1/689) [[浦東]]<ref name = "Xiao2022">Xiao Zhang, Zhen Tang, Bin Wang, Xindao Zhou, Limin Zhou, Gongying Zhang, Junzhe Tian, Yiqi Zhao, Zhiqing Yao, Lu Tian, Suhua Zhang, Hao Xia, Li Jin, Chengtao Li, and Shilin Li, "Forensic Analysis and Genetic Structure Construction of Chinese Chongming Island Han Based on Y Chromosome STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2022, 13, 1363. {{doi|10.3390/genes13081363}}, (Published: 29 July 2022)</ref>、0.19% (1/530) [[崇明島]]<ref name = "Xiao2022" />
**[[上海市]] 0.15% (1/689) [[浦東]]<ref name = "Xiao2022">Xiao Zhang, Zhen Tang, Bin Wang, Xindao Zhou, Limin Zhou, Gongying Zhang, Junzhe Tian, Yiqi Zhao, Zhiqing Yao, Lu Tian, Suhua Zhang, Hao Xia, Li Jin, Chengtao Li, and Shilin Li, "Forensic Analysis and Genetic Structure Construction of Chinese Chongming Island Han Based on Y Chromosome STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2022, 13, 1363. {{doi|10.3390/genes13081363}}, (Published: 29 July 2022)</ref>、0.19% (1/530) [[崇明島]]<ref name = "Xiao2022" />
**[[浙江省]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[浙江省]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "He2023b" />
259行目: 259行目:
**[[海南省]] 1.0% (2/195)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[海南省]] 1.0% (2/195)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[広西チワン族自治区]] 0% (0/14)<ref name = "Huang2022">Huang X, Xia Z-Y, Bin X, He G, Guo J, Adnan A, Yin L, Huang Y, Zhao J, Yang Y, Ma F, Li Y, Hu R, Yang T, Wei L-H, and Wang C-C (2022), "Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese." ''Front. Ecol. Evol.'' 10:853391. {{doi|10.3389/fevo.2022.853391}}.</ref>、1.0% (1/104)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[広西チワン族自治区]] 0% (0/14)<ref name = "Huang2022">Huang X, Xia Z-Y, Bin X, He G, Guo J, Adnan A, Yin L, Huang Y, Zhao J, Yang Y, Ma F, Li Y, Hu R, Yang T, Wei L-H, and Wang C-C (2022), "Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese." ''Front. Ecol. Evol.'' 10:853391. {{doi|10.3389/fevo.2022.853391}}.</ref>、1.0% (1/104)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[四川省]] 0% (0/34) [[成都市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、1.0% (1/100)<ref name = "Gao2017">Tianzhen Gao, Libing Yun, Di Zhou, Min Lang, Zheng Wang, Xiaoqin Qian, Jing Liu, and Yiping Hou, "Next-generation sequencing of 74 Y-SNPs to construct a concise consensus phylogeny tree for Chinese population." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series'' Volume 6, E96-E98, December 2017. {{DOI|https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.043}}.</ref>、3.0% (1/33)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[四川省]] 0% (0/34) [[成都市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、1.0% (1/100)<ref name = "Gao2017">Tianzhen Gao, Libing Yun, Di Zhou, Min Lang, Zheng Wang, Xiaoqin Qian, Jing Liu, and Yiping Hou, "Next-generation sequencing of 74 Y-SNPs to construct a concise consensus phylogeny tree for Chinese population." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series'' Volume 6, E96-E98, December 2017. {{DOI|10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.043}}.</ref>、3.0% (1/33)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[雲南省]] 0% (0/60)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、0% (0/12)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/5)<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.06% (6/565) [[昭通市]]<ref name = "Yin2020b">Caiyong Yin, Kaiyuan Su, Ziwei He, Dian Zhai, Kejian Guo, Xueyun Chen, Li Jin, and Shilin Li, "Genetic Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis of Chinese Shandong and Yunnan Han Populations by Co-Analyzing Y Chromosomal STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2020, 11, 743; {{doi|10.3390/genes11070743}}.</ref>
**[[雲南省]] 0% (0/60)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、0% (0/12)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/5)<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.06% (6/565) [[昭通市]]<ref name = "Yin2020b">Caiyong Yin, Kaiyuan Su, Ziwei He, Dian Zhai, Kejian Guo, Xueyun Chen, Li Jin, and Shilin Li, "Genetic Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis of Chinese Shandong and Yunnan Han Populations by Co-Analyzing Y Chromosomal STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2020, 11, 743; {{doi|10.3390/genes11070743}}.</ref>
**[[内蒙古自治区]] 0% (0/14) [[包頭市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/13) [[フルンボイル市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[内蒙古自治区]] 0% (0/14) [[包頭市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/13) [[フルンボイル市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "He2023b" />
271行目: 271行目:
*[[チンポー族]] 0% (0/8) 雲南省<ref name = "Peng2013" />、0.4%以下 (≤1/249) 雲南省徳宏タイ族チンポー族自治州<ref name = "Xu2019" />
*[[チンポー族]] 0% (0/8) 雲南省<ref name = "Peng2013" />、0.4%以下 (≤1/249) 雲南省徳宏タイ族チンポー族自治州<ref name = "Xu2019" />
*[[アチャン族]] 雲南省[[梁河県]] 2.5%以下 (≤1/40)<ref name = "Yang2005" />
*[[アチャン族]] 雲南省[[梁河県]] 2.5%以下 (≤1/40)<ref name = "Yang2005" />
*[[ミャンマー]] [[ビルマ族]] 0% (合計0/59; [[マグウェ地方域]] 0/21、[[バゴー地方域]] 0/14、[[ザガイン地方域]] 0/13、[[エーヤワディ地方域]] 0/11<ref name = "Peng2013">Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Long Fan, Jie Liu, Adeniyi C Adeola, Shi-Fang Wu, Robert W Murphy, Yong-Gang Yao, and Ya-Ping Zhang (2013), "Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' 22, pp. 1046–1050. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.272</ref>）、[[チン州]]チン族 0% (0/19)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ザガイン地方域]][[ナガ族]] 0% (0/15)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ラカイン州]]ラカイン族 0% (0/13)<ref name = "Peng2013" />
*[[ミャンマー]] [[ビルマ族]] 0% (合計0/59; [[マグウェ地方域]] 0/21、[[バゴー地方域]] 0/14、[[ザガイン地方域]] 0/13、[[エーヤワディ地方域]] 0/11<ref name = "Peng2013">Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Long Fan, Jie Liu, Adeniyi C Adeola, Shi-Fang Wu, Robert W Murphy, Yong-Gang Yao, and Ya-Ping Zhang (2013), "Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' 22, pp. 1046–1050. {{doi|10.1038/ejhg.2013.272}}.</ref>）、[[チン州]]チン族 0% (0/19)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ザガイン地方域]][[ナガ族]] 0% (0/15)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ラカイン州]]ラカイン族 0% (0/13)<ref name = "Peng2013" />
*[[チャン族]] 0% (0/33) [[汶川県]]綿虒鎮付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/18) [[丹巴県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />、0% (0/16) [[道孚県]]八美鎮<ref name = "Wang2014" />
*[[チャン族]] 0% (0/33) [[汶川県]]綿虒鎮付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/18) [[丹巴県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />、0% (0/16) [[道孚県]]八美鎮<ref name = "Wang2014" />
*[[チベット民族|チベット族]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/56) [[チャムド市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/51) [[シガツェ市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/47) [[雅江県]]河口鎮<ref name = "Wang2014">Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, ''et al.'' (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e103772. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0103772}}.</ref>、0% (0/37) [[ガリ地区]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、2.2% (1/46) [[新竜県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />
*[[チベット民族|チベット族]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/56) [[チャムド市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/51) [[シガツェ市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/47) [[雅江県]]河口鎮<ref name = "Wang2014">Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, ''et al.'' (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e103772. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0103772}}.</ref>、0% (0/37) [[ガリ地区]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、2.2% (1/46) [[新竜県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />
281行目: 281行目:
*[[スイ族]] 雲南省[[富源県]] 2.5%以下 (≤1/40)<ref name = "Yang2005" />
*[[スイ族]] 雲南省[[富源県]] 2.5%以下 (≤1/40)<ref name = "Yang2005" />
*[[マオナン族]] 0% (0/23) 貴州省[[平塘県]]<ref name = "Chen2022">Chen Jing, He Guanglin, Ren Zheng, Wang Qiyan, Liu Yubo, Zhang Hongling, Yang Meiqing, Zhang Han, Ji Jingyan, Zhao Jing, Guo Jianxin, Chen Jinwen, Zhu Kongyang, Yang Xiaomin, Wang Rui, Ma Hao, Tao Le, Liu Yilan, Shen Qu, Yang Wenjiao, Wang Chuan-Chao, and Huang Jiang (2022), "Fine-Scale Population Admixture Landscape of Tai–Kadai-Speaking Maonan in Southwest China Inferred From Genome-Wide SNP Data." ''Frontiers in Genetics'' Volume 13. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2022.815285}}.</ref>
*[[マオナン族]] 0% (0/23) 貴州省[[平塘県]]<ref name = "Chen2022">Chen Jing, He Guanglin, Ren Zheng, Wang Qiyan, Liu Yubo, Zhang Hongling, Yang Meiqing, Zhang Han, Ji Jingyan, Zhao Jing, Guo Jianxin, Chen Jinwen, Zhu Kongyang, Yang Xiaomin, Wang Rui, Ma Hao, Tao Le, Liu Yilan, Shen Qu, Yang Wenjiao, Wang Chuan-Chao, and Huang Jiang (2022), "Fine-Scale Population Admixture Landscape of Tai–Kadai-Speaking Maonan in Southwest China Inferred From Genome-Wide SNP Data." ''Frontiers in Genetics'' Volume 13. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2022.815285}}.</ref>
*[[プイ族]] 0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/14) 貴州省[[竜里県]]<ref name = "WangMengge2023">Wang, M.-G., He, G.-L., Zou, X., Chen, P.-Y., Wang, Z., Tang, R.-K., Yang, X.-M., Chen, J., Yang, M.-Q., Li, Y.-X., Liu, J., Wang, F., Zhao, J., Guo, J.-X., Hu, R., Wei, L.-H., Chen, G., Yeh, H.-Y. and Wang, C.-C. (2023), "Reconstructing the genetic admixture history of Tai-Kadai and Sinitic people: Insights from genome-wide SNP data from South China." ''J. Syst. Evol.'', 61: 157-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12825</ref>
*[[プイ族]] 0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/14) 貴州省[[竜里県]]<ref name = "WangMengge2023">Wang, M.-G., He, G.-L., Zou, X., Chen, P.-Y., Wang, Z., Tang, R.-K., Yang, X.-M., Chen, J., Yang, M.-Q., Li, Y.-X., Liu, J., Wang, F., Zhao, J., Guo, J.-X., Hu, R., Wei, L.-H., Chen, G., Yeh, H.-Y. and Wang, C.-C. (2023), "Reconstructing the genetic admixture history of Tai-Kadai and Sinitic people: Insights from genome-wide SNP data from South China." ''J. Syst. Evol.'', 61: 157-178. {{doi|10.1111/jse.12825}}.</ref>
*[[チワン族]] 0% (0/801) 中国全国<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/176d65ee234</ref>、0% (0/47) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Yang2005" />、0% (0/29) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Huang2022" />、0% (0/20) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/12) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.0% (2/201) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "He2023b" />
*[[チワン族]] 0% (0/801) 中国全国<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/176d65ee234</ref>、0% (0/47) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Yang2005" />、0% (0/29) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Huang2022" />、0% (0/20) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/12) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.0% (2/201) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "He2023b" />
*[[リー族]] 0% (0/158)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/34)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[リー族]] 0% (0/158)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/34)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[タイ族]] 雲南省[[隴川県]] 0% (0/251)<ref name = "Xu2019">Bingying Xu, Jianxin Guo, Ying Huang, Xueyun Chen, Xiaohua Deng, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2019), "The paternal genetic structure of Jingpo and Dai in southwest China." ''Annals of Human Biology'', 46:3, 279-283, {{DOI| 10.1080/03014460.2019.1624821}}.</ref>
*[[タイ族]] 雲南省[[隴川県]] 0% (0/251)<ref name = "Xu2019">Bingying Xu, Jianxin Guo, Ying Huang, Xueyun Chen, Xiaohua Deng, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2019), "The paternal genetic structure of Jingpo and Dai in southwest China." ''Annals of Human Biology'', 46:3, 279-283, {{DOI|10.1080/03014460.2019.1624821}}.</ref>
*[[タイ王国|タイ]] 0% (0/205) コンムアン<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/85) タイ・ユアン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/75) [[バンコク]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/26) タイ・ヨーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/24) タイ・クーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/20) [[シャン族]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0%<ref name="Kutanan2019">Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking (2019), "Contrasting Paternal and Maternal Genetic Histories of Thai and Lao Populations." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msz083}}. Advance Access publication April 12, 2019.</ref><ref name="Kutanan2020">Wibhu Kutanan, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Metawee Srikummool, Alexander Hübner, Thanatip Suttipai, Suparat Srithawong, Jatupol Kampuansai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "Cultural variation impacts paternal and maternal genetic lineages of the Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan groups from Thailand." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-0693-x.</ref>、2.2%以下 (≤2/91) タイ・ルー族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、2.5% (1/40)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*[[タイ王国|タイ]] 0% (0/205) コンムアン<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/85) タイ・ユアン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/75) [[バンコク]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/26) タイ・ヨーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/24) タイ・クーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/20) [[シャン族]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0%<ref name="Kutanan2019">Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking (2019), "Contrasting Paternal and Maternal Genetic Histories of Thai and Lao Populations." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msz083}}. Advance Access publication April 12, 2019.</ref><ref name="Kutanan2020">Wibhu Kutanan, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Metawee Srikummool, Alexander Hübner, Thanatip Suttipai, Suparat Srithawong, Jatupol Kampuansai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "Cultural variation impacts paternal and maternal genetic lineages of the Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan groups from Thailand." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' {{doi|10.1038/s41431-020-0693-x}}.</ref>、2.2%以下 (≤2/91) タイ・ルー族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、2.5% (1/40)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*[[ラワ族]] 0% (0/50) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017">Brunelli A, Kampuansai J, Seielstad M, Lomthaisong K, Kangwanpong D, Ghirotto S, ''et al.'' (2017), "Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people." ''PLoS ONE'' 12(7): e0181935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181935</ref>
*[[ラワ族]] 0% (0/50) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017">Brunelli A, Kampuansai J, Seielstad M, Lomthaisong K, Kangwanpong D, Ghirotto S, ''et al.'' (2017), "Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people." ''PLoS ONE'' 12(7): e0181935. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0181935}}.</ref>
*[[モン族 (Mon)|Mon族]] 0% (0/18) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />
*[[モン族 (Mon)|Mon族]] 0% (0/18) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />
*[[ベトナム]] 0% (0/600)<ref name="Macholdt2020">Enrico Macholdt, Leonardo Arias, Nguyen Thuy Duong, Nguyen Dang Ton, Nguyen Van Phong, Roland Schröder, Brigitte Pakendorf, Nong Van Hai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "The paternal and maternal genetic history of Vietnamese populations." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2020) 28:636–645. {{doi|10.1038/s41431-019-0557-4}}.</ref>、0% (0/76) [[ハノイ市]][[キン族]]<ref name = "He2012">He J-D, Peng M-S, Quang HH, Dang KP, Trieu AV, ''et al.'' (2012) Patrilineal Perspective on the Austronesian Diffusion in Mainland Southeast Asia. ''PLoS ONE'' 7(5): e36437. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0036437}}.</ref>、0% (0/24) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、1.7%以下 (≤1/59) [[ビントゥアン省]][[チャム族]]<ref name = "He2012" />、2.9% (2/70)<ref name = "Karafet2001" />或いは4.3% (3/70)<ref name = "Karafet2010">Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, and Michael F. Hammer (2010), "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 27(8):1833–1844. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msq063}}.</ref>、8.3% (4/48) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*[[ベトナム]] 0% (0/600)<ref name="Macholdt2020">Enrico Macholdt, Leonardo Arias, Nguyen Thuy Duong, Nguyen Dang Ton, Nguyen Van Phong, Roland Schröder, Brigitte Pakendorf, Nong Van Hai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "The paternal and maternal genetic history of Vietnamese populations." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2020) 28:636–645. {{doi|10.1038/s41431-019-0557-4}}.</ref>、0% (0/76) [[ハノイ市]][[キン族]]<ref name = "He2012">He J-D, Peng M-S, Quang HH, Dang KP, Trieu AV, ''et al.'' (2012) Patrilineal Perspective on the Austronesian Diffusion in Mainland Southeast Asia. ''PLoS ONE'' 7(5): e36437. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0036437}}.</ref>、0% (0/24) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、1.7%以下 (≤1/59) [[ビントゥアン省]][[チャム族]]<ref name = "He2012" />、2.9% (2/70)<ref name = "Karafet2001" />或いは4.3% (3/70)<ref name = "Karafet2010">Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, and Michael F. Hammer (2010), "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 27(8):1833–1844. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msq063}}.</ref>、8.3% (4/48) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />

2024年2月1日 (木) 05:47時点における版

ハプログループ O1b2 (Y染色体)
発生時期 31,108（95% CI 22,844～34,893）年前[1]
推定発生地 朝鮮半島またはその近くにある北東アジアの一部地域[2]
現存下位系統の
分岐開始年代（下限値）		 28,240年前[3]
26,650 (99% CI 33,045 - 21,160) 年前[4]
25,800（95% CI 28,400 <-> 23,300）年前[5] （但し帰属人口の大半を占める下位系統のO-K10のTMRCAは約7,900 (95% CI 5,624～9,449)年前[1]）
親系統 O1b
定義づけられる変異 M176, SRY465, P49, 022454[6]
高頻度民族・地域 日本人(大和民族、琉球民族)、朝鮮民族

ハプログループO-M176 (Y染色体)（ハプログループO-M176 (Yせんしょくたい)、系統名称ハプログループO1b2とは、分子人類学で用いられる、人類のY染色体ハプログループの分類のうち、ハプログループO-M268のサブクレード（細分岐）の一つで、「M176」の子孫の系統である。2015年11月に ISOGG系統樹 が改訂されるまではハプログループO2bと呼ばれていた。

誕生

最も近縁のハプログループO1b1との分岐は約31,108（95% CI 22,844～34,893）年前[1]とされている。最も近い共通祖先は、25,800 (95% CI 28,400～23,300)年前[5]或いは26,650（99% CI 33,045 - 21,160）年前[4]或いは25,450年前[7]まで遡ると推定されている。

O-M175のサブクレードのひとつで、稲作文化を伝えた弥生人（倭人）と推定される[8]。

O-M176のサブクレードに属するY-DNAを合計すると、現在日本人の約32%を占める。[9][10][11][12]

O-K10

O1b2のサブクレードであるO-K10は、現代の日本人や朝鮮民族の男性に多い。

O-K10の最も近い共通祖先はKarmin氏等が2022年に発表した論文によると約7,900 (95% CI 9,449 <-> 5,624)年前に誕生したと考えられる[1]。また、民間の幾つかの遺伝子検査会社によれば、O-K10/O-F1204の最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約8,370年前[13]、約8,070年前[14]、約7,436（99% CI 9,395 <-> 5,782）年前[15]、約7,000（95% CI 8,000 <-> 6,000）年前[5]となっており、どれもやはりO-K10の最も近い共通祖先が今よりおおよそ七、八千年前に生きたと推定している。

現存するO-K10は三つの異なるサブクレード、O1b2a1a1-K7/O-47z、O1b2a1a2-K4、及びO1b2a1a3-CTS10687に大別される。O1b2a1a1にもO1b2a1a2にもO1b2a1a3にも属さない、所謂O1b2a1a*に分類されるY-DNAは、日本（川崎市のサンプルでは全てのO1b2の4.6%を占め比較的多いが、金沢市、大阪市、徳島市のサンプルでも同様のY-DNAが観察されている[16]）と韓国（大田133人のサンプル中1人[17]）のサンプルの中から稀に検出されている。

O-K7/O-47z

O-K7/O-47zの最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約6,311 [99% CI 8,149 <-> 4,786]年前[18]とされる。

O-K7/O-47zは日本で高頻度（約22.5%、18%大阪市成人男性[11]～28%九州[9]）、朝鮮民族で中頻度（約8.5%[19][20][9][21][22][2][23][24]、4%[9]～14%[21]）、中国で極低頻度（約0.19%[25]）で観察される。

O-K4

O-K4の最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約6,057 [99% CI 7,879 <-> 4,555]年前[26]とされる。

O-K4は朝鮮民族で高頻度（約19%[17]）、日本で中頻度（約6.5%、日本に於ける全てのO1b2の約20.5%[16]）、中国で低頻度（約0.44%[3]）で観察される。

O-CTS10687

O-CTS10687の最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約5,524 [99% CI 8,477 <-> 3,381]年前[27]とされる。

O-CTS10687も日本人及び朝鮮民族に最も高い頻度で観察される系統だが、それでも3%以下で、中国に於いては極低頻度（約0.04%[28]）で観察される。

その他

O-K10に属さないO-M176は日本人（広島[5]、福島[5]、金沢市[16]、札幌市[16]、川崎市[16]、大阪市[16]、長崎市[16]、徳島市[16]等[4]、日本に於ける全てのO1b2の約3.6%[16]）、韓国人（ソウル及び大田に於ける男性人口の約1%即ち全てのO1b2の約3.1%[17]、大邱[5]、蔚山[14]及び慶尚南道[5]）、満洲族（吉林省舒蘭市[14]）、漢族（北京[5]、吉林省松原市寧江区[3]、河北省保定市満城区[3]、河南省周口市沈丘県[3]、江蘇省句容市[3]、安徽省黄山市黄山区[3]；中国男性の総人口の約0.03%、中国に於ける全てのO1b2の約4%[29][30]）から低頻度ながらも検出されている。

分布

ハプログループO-M176は日本人及び朝鮮民族の三割方の男性に見られる[31]。現代日本人に高頻度でアイヌ民族には見られない（16人のサンプル中0人[32]、4人のサンプル中0人[9]）ことから、弥生時代以降の倭人（弥生人）の遺伝子と推定されている[33]。東アジア北東部に水稲農耕をもたらした集団との考えがある。

満洲族では0%（遼寧省撫順市新賓満族自治県[34]、遼寧省錦州市黒山県及び北鎮市[35]）、3.10%[36]、3.3%[2]、3.8%（遼寧省）[37][9]、5.7%[21][38]、33.7%[39]と、結果が大きく異なる研究も発表されているけれども、概ね3%ほどの現代満州族男性に観察されている。満州族に見られるO1b2-P49の詳細については、

  • O-F1204 > O-K4 > O-L682 > O-K485 > O-CTS723（TMRCA約3110年前）　総人口の1.97%（58/2938）
  • O-F1204 > O-47Z > O-CTS713（TMRCA約3330年前）　総人口の0.71%（21/2938）
  • O-F1204 > O-CTS10687（TMRCA約4300年前）　総人口の0.14%（4/2938）
  • O-F1204 > O-47z(xCTS713）　総人口の0.07%（2/2938）、
  • O-P49(xF1204）　総人口の0.20%（6/2938）

を占め、現代の朝鮮民族に於ける比率とほとんど差が無く、現代の満州族男性の約１割が朝鮮系だとすれば簡単に説明がつく様相を呈している[36]。

モンゴルに関しては、中華人民共和国内に住む所謂蒙古族は23mofangの統計によれば約1.51%（23/1521）の蒙古族男性がハプログループO-F1204/O-K10に属している[40][41]。サブグループ毎の結果は以下の通りである。

  • 約0.72%（11/1521）が日本人に多いO-CTS713
  • 約0.46%（7/1521）が朝鮮民族に多いO-CTS723
  • 約0.33%（5/1521）が日本や韓国等で稀に見られるO-CTS10687

モンゴル国内を対象とした多くの研究論文ではハプログループO1b2に属す可能性のある男性が皆無である：

モンゴル国及び中国「蒙古族」のサンプルの中でハプログループO1b2に属す者が観察された例としては、以下のものがある。

  • Di Cristofaro氏等（2013年）による論文[49]　モンゴル国在住モンゴル人計1/160 = 0.6% O2b-M176
    • Mongol-NorthEast 1/20 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-SouthWest 0/2 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-Central 0/18 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-SouthEast 0/23 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-NorthWest 0/97 O2b-M176
  • Xuwei Hou等（2022年）による論文[50]
    • 遼寧省阜新市蒙古族 1/13 O1b2a1a1-K7/CTS11723）
  • 何光林等（2023年）による論文[51]（中国蒙古族5/175 = 2.86% O1b2a1a; 詳細は以下の通り）
    • 山東省蒙古族1/6 O1b2a1a1
    • 遼寧省阜新市蒙古族1/9 O1b2a1a1
    • 黒竜江省蒙古族1/10 O1b2a1a3a
    • 遼寧省朝陽市蒙古族1/12 O1b2a1a1
    • 内蒙古自治区赤峰市蒙古族1/22 O1b2a1a1

ハプログループO1b2に属すモンゴル民族の人が主にモンゴル民族居住地域の東部、特に南東部の者であるという事がうかがえる。例外として、加藤徹等による2005年の論文では、ハプログループO1b2が、ハルハ（モンゴル国の主流部族）及びホトン（イスラム教徒）のサンプルからは検出されなかったのに対し、ウリャンハイ及びザフチン（いずれもモンゴル国西部に住む部族）のサンプルからはある程度検出されたとしている。[39]

  • ハルハ　0/85 O2b-SRY465）
  • ホトン　0/40 O2b-SRY465）
  • ウリャンハイ　3/60 = 5.0% O2b-SRY465）
  • ザフチン　2/60 = 3.3% O2b-SRY465）

また、韓国のある研究チームによる一連の論文では針原伸二から提供されたという[20]「東モンゴルのブリヤート族」のサンプルを扱っており49人中1人[20]または50人中1人[52]にハプログループO1b2-M176(x47z)が観察されたとしている。

また、ロシア国内に居住するウデヘ[52]、そして中国国内に居住するダウール族、ナナイ、エヴェンキ、シベ族、漢族、回族、ウイグル、土家族、四川省カンゼ・チベット族自治州新龍県のチベット族（カムパ）などでも稀に観察された例がある。

系統樹

ハプログループO系統の分岐については2020年4月16日改訂のISOGGの系統樹（ver.15.58）による[53]。日本人における割合は佐藤ら(2014)[54]及び井上・佐藤(2023)[55]による。

  • O1b2 (P49, M176) - 最近共通祖先 26,638 (99% CI 33,033 <-> 21,148)年前[56]。主に日本人及び朝鮮民族に見られ、中国（朝鮮族のほかには、主に満州族、ナナイ、ダウール族、蒙古族、漢族、回族）でも低頻度（全国男性人口の約0.70%[57]）に見られる。
    • O1b2a (F1942/Page92) - 最近共通祖先 11,500 (99% CI 14,378 <-> 9,047)年前[58]
      • O1b2a1 (CTS9259) - 最近共通祖先 10,492 (99% CI 13,140 <-> 8,238)年前[59]
        • O1b2a1a (F1204，F3356，K10) - 最近共通祖先 7,436 (99% CI 9,395 <-> 5,782)年前[60]
          • O1b2a1a1 (47z, K7) - 最近共通祖先 6,303（99% CI 8,140 <-> 4,780）年前[61]。主に日本人(22.0%)及び韓国人(約8.5%)に見られ、中国（全国男性人口の約0.19%[25]、満洲族約0.78%[62]、蒙古族約0.72%[40]、回族約0.12%[63]）等でも稀に見られる。
            • O-BY45877/Y174038 - 日本[4]、韓国[3][5]、中国[3][5]
            • O-K2/CTS713 - 最近共通祖先 3,394（99% CI 4,490 <-> 2,503）年前[64]。日本[5]、韓国[5]、中国（約0.12%[65]）
              • O1b2a1a1a(K14,CTS1875) - 日本[5](7.6%)、韓国[5]、中国（山西省[5]、遼寧省大連市漢族[66]等、約0.02%[3]）
              • O1b2a1a1b(Z24598,Z24599) - 日本[5](5.3%)、韓国（釜山[5]）、中国（河北省[5][3]）
              • O1b2a1a1c(CTS203) - 日本[5](2.3%)、中国（約0.03%[67]）
          • O1b2a1a2 (F2868，F3110，K4) - 最近共通祖先 6,060（99% CI 7,882 <-> 4,558）年前[68]
            • O1b2a1a2a (L682) - 最近共通祖先 3,678（99% CI 4,930 <-> 2,670）年前[69]。主に朝鮮民族(約19.0%)に見られ、日本人(約6.5%)、満州族（約1.97%[62]）、ナナイ族[5]、ダウール族（愛輝区[3]）、蒙古族（約0.46%[40]）、ウイグル族（約0.30%[70]）、漢族（吉林省[3]、遼寧省[3]、河北省[3]、北京市[5][3]、天津市[14]、山西省[3]、山東省[3]、陝西省[3]、安徽省[3]等）、回族（約0.24%[63]）などにも見られる。
              • O1b2a1a2a* - 日本（群馬[5]、東京[5]）、中国（山西省陽泉市及び太原市[3]）
              • O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723) - 最近共通祖先 2,911（99% CI 3,964 <-> 2,074）年前[71]。韓国[5]、日本(6.5%)[5]、中国[4]（男性人口の約0.31%[72]）
                • O1b2a1a2a1a (CTS7620) - 韓国、日本(2.7%)、中国
                  • O-CTS4595/O-Y26377 - 日本[5][4]、韓国[14]、中国（ナナイ族[5]等[3]）
                  • O-MF14346 - 韓国[3][5]、朝鮮[3]、中国東北部（吉林省、黒竜江省[3]）
                • O1b2a1a2a1b (A12446)
            • O1b2a1a2b (F940) - 最近共通祖先 2700年前。現代中国(約0.12%)[73]。漢民族（湖南省[5]、江西省[5]、河南省[74]等）に稀に見られる。
              • O-MF56823 - 最近共通祖先 約1540年前。現代中国(約0.01%)。特に山西省（約0.05%）、陝西省（約0.05%）、内蒙古自治区（約0.05%）、河南省（約0.05%）、北京市（約0.04%）、吉林省（約0.04%）、黒竜江省（約0.03%）、河北省（約0.03%）で比較的多めに見られる。中国全国で最も多い姓でもある王姓を名乗る者が特に多い。[75][3]
              • O-MF61543 - 最近共通祖先 約1630年前。現代中国(約0.10%)。特に湖南省（約0.65%）、重慶市（約0.33%）、江西省（約0.29%）、広西壮族自治区（約0.27%）、湖北省（約0.20%）、四川省（約0.15%）、貴州省（約0.12%）に於いて平均値以上の割合を占める。周姓を名乗る者が多く、湖南省の中でも特に湘潭市（全男性人口の約2.05%)、益陽市（約1.67%）、長沙市（約1.29%）等湖南省北東部に集中して分布している。[76]
          • O1b2a1a3 (CTS10687) - 最近共通祖先 5,524（99% CI 8,477 <-> 3,381）年前[77]。韓国[4][14]（3/133 = 2.26% 大田、10/573 = 1.75% ソウル[17][78]）、日本(1.6%)[5][4][14]、中国（約0.04%[28]）で稀に見られる
            • O1b2a1a3a (CTS1215) - 韓国[4]、日本[4]、モンゴル[4]、中国[3]
        • O1b2a1b (CTS562) - 最近共通祖先 5,477（99% CI 8,346 <-> 3,383）年前[79]。主に韓国（3/573 = 0.52% ソウル[17][80]）で見られ、日本(0.05%)と中国（約0.02%[81]）でも稀に見られる。[82][5][83]
      • O1b2a2 (Page90)

頻度

国内の頻度

日本国内ではハプログループD1a2a と並んで多くの地域で多数派を占める。

稲作・遺跡・土器との関連

崎谷満は稲の品種を根拠にしてO-M176に属す集団は2800年前に中国江南から山東半島、日本列島、朝鮮半島へ水稲栽培をもたらしたと主張しているが中国江南にはO-M176が殆ど発見されていない研究結果から信憑性は低いとされている[33]。O-M176は現代では日本及び韓国・朝鮮に高頻度であり、それら以外の地域に起源をもつと結論付けられる様な証拠が現時点では未だに無い。

縄文時代終末から弥生時代にかけて広くみられる刻目突帯文土器に似た土器が沿海州南西部のシニ・ガイ文化にみられる[152] ことから、刻目突帯文土器およびこれを携えたハプログループO1b2に属す弥生人の起源を沿海州南西部に求める見方がある。

なお、青谷上寺地遺跡より出土した弥生時代の人骨でY-DNAが解析済みの１０個体のうち、２体がハプログループO1b2a1に属しており、そのうち１体は現代日本人に多くみられるO1b2a1a1に属していた。他の個体については、３体がハプログループDに、２体がハプログループC1a1に、１体がハプログループO（どの下位系統に属すかは未発表）に属し、２体がどのハプログループに属すか特定できなかったという結果が出ている[153][154]。

長崎県佐世保市に所在する下本山岩陰遺跡の箱式石棺から出土した下本山3号という弥生時代の男性人骨（放射性炭素の測定により、年代は2001–1931 cal BP [1σ]と推定されている）もハプログループO（TheYtreeによればO1b2a1a1-CTS713[155]）に属すという結果が発表されている[156]。

上記２件の研究結果により、ハプログループO1b2が弥生時代には既に因幡国および肥前国の地域に、ハプログループC1a1とハプログループDに関しても既に因幡国の地域に存在していたことが報告された[153]。　現代日本人男性の７割以上がD、O1b2、C1a1のいずれかのハプログループに属しているので、弥生時代の西日本の住民と現代日本人との間には少なくともY染色体（即ち男系）に関しては大差が無いということがうかがえる。(ただし、現代日本人男性の約2割を占めるハプログループであるハプログループO2に属すと特定できたY-DNAは2023年現在、弥生時代の遺跡からは発見されていない。)

脚注

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Soon-Hee Kim, Ki-Cheol Kim, Dong-Jik Shin, et al., "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea." Investigative Genetics 2011, 2:10. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/2/1/10. 地域別の分布についてはTable S3: Haplotypes for 25 Y-SNPs and 17 Y-STR loci in 1,108 males from east Asian populations参照。TOから始まるサンプル番号は徳島県、JIから始まるサンプル番号は茨城県、JYから始まるサンプル番号は山口県のサンプルをそれぞれ表している。
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O-P49 at 23mofang
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n FamilyTreeDNA Discover™ Time Tree for Haplogroup O-P49
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.05 at 30 July 2017. Accessed 17 August 2017.
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  13. ^ https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F1204/detail
  14. ^ a b c d e f g TheYtreeによるハプログループO1b2-P49の系統樹
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  30. ^ https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F1204/detail
  31. ^ ただし、朝鮮半島及び満州地域に多いO1b2a1a2a-L682と日本人に多いO1b2a1a1-47Z/K7の最も近い共通祖先は、約七、八千年前に生きたと推定されている。
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  38. ^ （Table 2にある地理座標、123.2°E 40.2°Nに基づき、遼寧省鞍山市岫巖満族自治県で採取されたサンプルだろうと推定できる）
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  41. ^ （この統計の対象者の出身地については通遼市232名、赤峰市212名、シリンゴル盟209名、遼寧省152名、フフホト市137名、オルドス市94名、ヒンガン盟85名、フルンボイル市82名、新疆63名、バヤンノール市49名、ウランチャブ市41名、黒竜江省38名、吉林省37名、青海省29名、包頭市25名、アルシャー盟21名、烏海市2名、その他13名となっており、著しく南東に偏っている事に留意する必要がある。）
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  152. ^ ロシア極東新石器時代研究の新展開
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  155. ^ Phylogenetic tree of O-CTS713 at TheYtree (2023年4月27日閲覧）
  156. ^ 篠田謙一, 神澤秀明, 角田恒雄, 安達登「西北九州弥生人の遺伝的な特徴」『Anthropological Science (Japanese Series)』第127巻第1号、日本人類学会、2019年、25-43頁、CRID 1390282763127747456、doi:10.1537/asj.1904231、ISSN 13443992。 
ヒトのY染色体ハプログループの系統樹
Y染色体アダム (Y-MRCA)
A0 A1
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J K1 K2
L T MS NO P K2*
N O Q R


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