「ハプログループO1b2 (Y染色体)」の版間の差分

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==誕生==
==誕生==
最も近縁の[[ハプログループO1b1 (Y染色体)|ハプログループO1b1]]との分岐は約31,108（95% CI 22,844～34,893）年前<ref name = "Karmin2022">Monika Karmin, Rodrigo Flores, Lauri Saag, ''et al.'' (2022), "Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 39(3): msac045 doi:10.1093/molbev/msac045. ''cf.'' Figure S4: Dated phylogenetic tree of haplogroup (hg) O-M175及びTable S5: Coalescence ages within hg O and other lineages included in the analyses presented on Supplemental Figure S4.</ref>とされている。最も近い共通祖先は、25,800 (95% CI 28,400～23,300)年前<ref name = "YFull">[https://www.yfull.com/tree/O/ YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.05] at 30 July 2017. Accessed 17 August 2017.</ref>或いは26,650（99% CI 33,045 - 21,160）年前<ref name = "FTDNA" />或いは25,450年前<ref name = "TheYTree">[https://www.theytree.com/tree/O-P49 TheYTreeによるO1b2-P49の系統樹及び最も近い共通祖先の推定年代]</ref>まで遡ると推定されている。
最も近縁の[[ハプログループO1b1 (Y染色体)|ハプログループO1b1]]との分岐は約31,108（95% CI 22,844～34,893）年前<ref name = "Karmin2022">Monika Karmin, Rodrigo Flores, Lauri Saag, ''et al.'' (2022), "Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 39(3): msac045 {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msac045}}. ''cf.'' Figure S4: Dated phylogenetic tree of haplogroup (hg) O-M175及びTable S5: Coalescence ages within hg O and other lineages included in the analyses presented on Supplemental Figure S4.</ref>とされている。最も近い共通祖先は、25,800 (95% CI 28,400～23,300)年前<ref name = "YFull">[https://www.yfull.com/tree/O/ YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.05] at 30 July 2017. Accessed 17 August 2017.</ref>或いは26,650（99% CI 33,045 - 21,160）年前<ref name = "FTDNA" />或いは25,450年前<ref name = "TheYTree">[https://www.theytree.com/tree/O-P49 TheYTreeによるO1b2-P49の系統樹及び最も近い共通祖先の推定年代]</ref>まで遡ると推定されている。


O-M175のサブクレードのひとつで、稲作文化を伝えた[[弥生人]]（[[倭人]]）と推定される<ref>Chaubey, G., & Van Driem, G. (2020). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/evolutionary-human-sciences/article/munda-languages-are-father-tongues-but-japanese-and-korean-are-not/9F302F4A80E691B05F424312CA03BCDE Munda languages are father tongues, but Japanese and Korean are not]. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2, E19. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.14</ref>。
O-M175のサブクレードのひとつで、稲作文化を伝えた[[弥生人]]（[[倭人]]）と推定される<ref>Chaubey, G., & Van Driem, G. (2020). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/evolutionary-human-sciences/article/munda-languages-are-father-tongues-but-japanese-and-korean-are-not/9F302F4A80E691B05F424312CA03BCDE Munda languages are father tongues, but Japanese and Korean are not]. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2, E19. {{doi|10.1017/ehs.2020.14}}.</ref>。


O-M176のサブクレードに属するY-DNAを合計すると、現在[[日本人]]の約32%を占める。<ref name="Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Harayama2014" /><ref name = "Sato2014" /><ref name = "Poznik2016" />
O-M176のサブクレードに属するY-DNAを合計すると、現在[[日本人]]の約32%を占める。<ref name="Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Harayama2014" /><ref name = "Sato2014" /><ref name = "Poznik2016" />
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O-K7/O-47zの最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約6,311 [99% CI 8,149 <-> 4,786]年前<ref>https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/O-K7/scientific?section=tmrca</ref>とされる。
O-K7/O-47zの最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約6,311 [99% CI 8,149 <-> 4,786]年前<ref>https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/O-K7/scientific?section=tmrca</ref>とされる。


O-K7/O-47zは日本で高頻度（約22.5%、18%大阪市成人男性<ref name = "Sato2014" />～28%九州<ref name = "Hammer2006" />）、朝鮮民族で中頻度（約8.5%<ref name = "Kim2000"></ref><ref name = "Jin2003" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Xue2006" /><ref name = "Kim2007" /><ref name = "Kim2011" /><ref name = "Park2012" /><ref name = "Park2013">Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Na Young Kim, Eun Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics'' 7 (2013) 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.014</ref>、4%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />～14%<ref name = "Xue2006" />）、中国で極低頻度（約0.19%<ref name="名前なし-20231105140723">https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-47Z/detail</ref>）で観察される。
O-K7/O-47zは日本で高頻度（約22.5%、18%大阪市成人男性<ref name = "Sato2014" />～28%九州<ref name = "Hammer2006" />）、朝鮮民族で中頻度（約8.5%<ref name = "Kim2000"></ref><ref name = "Jin2003" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Xue2006" /><ref name = "Kim2007" /><ref name = "Kim2011" /><ref name = "Park2012" /><ref name = "Park2013">Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Na Young Kim, Eun Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics'' 7 (2013) 75–81. {{doi|10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.014}}.</ref>、4%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />～14%<ref name = "Xue2006" />）、中国で極低頻度（約0.19%<ref name="名前なし-20231105140723">https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-47Z/detail</ref>）で観察される。


====O-K4====
====O-K4====
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===その他===
===その他===
O-K10に属さないO-M176は日本人（広島<ref name = "YFull" />、福島<ref name = "YFull" />、金沢市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、札幌市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、川崎市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、大阪市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、長崎市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、徳島市<ref name = "Sato2023" />等<ref name = "FTDNA" />、日本に於ける全てのO1b2の約3.6%<ref name = "Sato2023">Makoto Inoue and Youichi Sato, "An update and frequency distribution of Y chromosome haplogroups in modern Japanese males." ''J Hum Genet'' (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s10038-023-01214-5</ref>）、韓国人（ソウル及び[[大田広域市|大田]]に於ける男性人口の約1%即ち全てのO1b2の約3.1%<ref name = "Kwon2015" />、[[大邱]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[蔚山]]<ref name = "TheYtree" />及び[[慶尚南道]]<ref name = "YFull" />）、満洲族（吉林省[[舒蘭市]]<ref name = "TheYtree" />）、漢族（[[北京]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[吉林省]][[松原市 (中華人民共和国)|松原市]][[寧江区]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[河北省]][[保定市]][[満城区]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[河南省]][[周口市]][[沈丘県]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[江蘇省]][[句容市]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[安徽省]][[黄山市]][[黄山区]]<ref name = "23mofang" />；中国男性の総人口の約0.03%、中国に於ける全てのO1b2の約4%<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-P49/detail</ref><ref>https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F1204/detail</ref>）から低頻度ながらも検出されている。
O-K10に属さないO-M176は日本人（広島<ref name = "YFull" />、福島<ref name = "YFull" />、金沢市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、札幌市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、川崎市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、大阪市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、長崎市<ref name = "Sato2023" />、徳島市<ref name = "Sato2023" />等<ref name = "FTDNA" />、日本に於ける全てのO1b2の約3.6%<ref name = "Sato2023">Makoto Inoue and Youichi Sato, "An update and frequency distribution of Y chromosome haplogroups in modern Japanese males." ''J Hum Genet'' (2023). {{doi|10.1038/s10038-023-01214-5}}</ref>）、韓国人（ソウル及び[[大田広域市|大田]]に於ける男性人口の約1%即ち全てのO1b2の約3.1%<ref name = "Kwon2015" />、[[大邱]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[蔚山]]<ref name = "TheYtree" />及び[[慶尚南道]]<ref name = "YFull" />）、満洲族（吉林省[[舒蘭市]]<ref name = "TheYtree" />）、漢族（[[北京]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[吉林省]][[松原市 (中華人民共和国)|松原市]][[寧江区]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[河北省]][[保定市]][[満城区]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[河南省]][[周口市]][[沈丘県]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[江蘇省]][[句容市]]<ref name = "23mofang" />、[[安徽省]][[黄山市]][[黄山区]]<ref name = "23mofang" />；中国男性の総人口の約0.03%、中国に於ける全てのO1b2の約4%<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-P49/detail</ref><ref>https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F1204/detail</ref>）から低頻度ながらも検出されている。


==分布==
==分布==
ハプログループO-M176は[[日本人]]及び[[朝鮮民族]]の三割方の男性に見られる<ref>ただし、朝鮮半島及び満州地域に多いO1b2a1a2a-L682と日本人に多いO1b2a1a1-47Z/K7の最も近い共通祖先は、約七、八千年前に生きたと推定されている。</ref>。現代日本人に高頻度で[[アイヌ民族]]には見られない（16人のサンプル中0人<ref name = "Tajima2004">Atsushi Tajima, Masanori Hayami, Katsushi Tokunaga, Takeo Juji, Masafumi Matsuo, Sangkot Marzuki, Keiichi Omoto, and Satoshi Horai (2004), "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages." ''J Hum Genet'' 49:187–193. DOI 10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x</ref>、4人のサンプル中0人<ref name = "Hammer2006" />）ことから、弥生時代以降の倭人（弥生人）の遺伝子と推定されている<ref name = 崎谷>崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版　2009年）</ref>。東アジア北東部に[[水稲]]農耕をもたらした集団との考えがある。
ハプログループO-M176は[[日本人]]及び[[朝鮮民族]]の三割方の男性に見られる<ref>ただし、朝鮮半島及び満州地域に多いO1b2a1a2a-L682と日本人に多いO1b2a1a1-47Z/K7の最も近い共通祖先は、約七、八千年前に生きたと推定されている。</ref>。現代日本人に高頻度で[[アイヌ民族]]には見られない（16人のサンプル中0人<ref name = "Tajima2004">Atsushi Tajima, Masanori Hayami, Katsushi Tokunaga, Takeo Juji, Masafumi Matsuo, Sangkot Marzuki, Keiichi Omoto, and Satoshi Horai (2004), "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages." ''J Hum Genet'' 49:187–193. {{DOI|10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x}}.</ref>、4人のサンプル中0人<ref name = "Hammer2006" />）ことから、弥生時代以降の倭人（弥生人）の遺伝子と推定されている<ref name = 崎谷>崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版　2009年）</ref>。東アジア北東部に[[水稲]]農耕をもたらした集団との考えがある。


[[満洲族]]では0%（遼寧省撫順市[[新賓満族自治県]]<ref name = "Zhang2021">Zhang X, He G, Li W, Wang Y, Li X, Chen Y, Qu Q, Wang Y, Xi H, Wang C-C, and Wen Y (2021), "Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:754492. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.754492.</ref>、遼寧省錦州市[[黒山県]]及び[[北鎮市]]<ref name = "Na2023">Na Sun, Le Tao, Rui Wang, Kongyang Zhu, Xiangjun Hai, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2023), "The genetic structure and admixture of Manchus and Koreans in northeast China." ''Annals of Human Biology'' Vol. 50, No. 1, 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2023.2182912</ref>）、3.10%<ref name = "23mofangManchu">23mofangによる、[https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/17724190d8a 中国満州族集団の父系ハプログループ及び民族血統構成の状況を簡単に説明]</ref>、3.3%<ref name = "Kim2011" />、3.8%（[[遼寧省]]）<ref name="Karafet2001">Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; Feng, Shi; Wells, R.S.; Redd, Alan J.; Zegura, Stephen L.; Hammer, Michael F. (2001). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1235490/ Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes]". The American Journal of Human Genetics 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. {{PMID|11481588}}. （Karafet et al. (2001)中のTable1のHaplogroup number 35と36（合わせて満州族で2/52=3.8%）はFigure2のh35とh36に対応しており、この系統は34という変異で定義づけられる。変異の番号は、Figure2のキャプションにある通り、Hammer et al. (2001) Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity に基づいており、Hammer et al. (2001)のTable1には、変異34が「SRY465」とあり、これはハプログループO1b2のことである。）</ref><ref name = "Hammer2006" />、5.7%<ref name = "Xue2006" /><ref>（Table 2にある地理座標、123.2°E 40.2°Nに基づき、遼寧省[[鞍山市]][[岫巖満族自治県]]で採取されたサンプルだろうと推定できる）</ref>、33.7%<ref name="Katoh2005"/>と、結果が大きく異なる研究も発表されているけれども、概ね3%ほどの現代満州族男性に観察されている。満州族に見られるO1b2-P49の詳細については、
[[満洲族]]では0%（遼寧省撫順市[[新賓満族自治県]]<ref name = "Zhang2021">Zhang X, He G, Li W, Wang Y, Li X, Chen Y, Qu Q, Wang Y, Xi H, Wang C-C, and Wen Y (2021), "Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:754492. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2021.754492}}.</ref>、遼寧省錦州市[[黒山県]]及び[[北鎮市]]<ref name = "Na2023">Na Sun, Le Tao, Rui Wang, Kongyang Zhu, Xiangjun Hai, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2023), "The genetic structure and admixture of Manchus and Koreans in northeast China." ''Annals of Human Biology'' Vol. 50, No. 1, 161–171. {{doi|10.1080/03014460.2023.2182912}}.</ref>）、3.10%<ref name = "23mofangManchu">23mofangによる、[https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/17724190d8a 中国満州族集団の父系ハプログループ及び民族血統構成の状況を簡単に説明]</ref>、3.3%<ref name = "Kim2011" />、3.8%（[[遼寧省]]）<ref name="Karafet2001">Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; Feng, Shi; Wells, R.S.; Redd, Alan J.; Zegura, Stephen L.; Hammer, Michael F. (2001). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1235490/ Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes]". The American Journal of Human Genetics 69 (3): 615–28. {{doi|10.1086/323299}}, {{PMC|1235490}}, {{PMID|11481588}}. （Karafet et al. (2001)中のTable1のHaplogroup number 35と36（合わせて満州族で2/52=3.8%）はFigure2のh35とh36に対応しており、この系統は34という変異で定義づけられる。変異の番号は、Figure2のキャプションにある通り、Hammer et al. (2001) Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity に基づいており、Hammer et al. (2001)のTable1には、変異34が「SRY465」とあり、これはハプログループO1b2のことである。）</ref><ref name = "Hammer2006" />、5.7%<ref name = "Xue2006" /><ref>（Table 2にある地理座標、123.2°E 40.2°Nに基づき、遼寧省[[鞍山市]][[岫巖満族自治県]]で採取されたサンプルだろうと推定できる）</ref>、33.7%<ref name="Katoh2005"/>と、結果が大きく異なる研究も発表されているけれども、概ね3%ほどの現代満州族男性に観察されている。満州族に見られるO1b2-P49の詳細については、
*O-F1204 > O-K4 > O-L682 > O-K485 > O-CTS723（TMRCA約3110年前）　総人口の1.97%（58/2938）
*O-F1204 > O-K4 > O-L682 > O-K485 > O-CTS723（TMRCA約3110年前）　総人口の1.97%（58/2938）
*O-F1204 > O-47Z > O-CTS713（TMRCA約3330年前）　総人口の0.71%（21/2938）
*O-F1204 > O-47Z > O-CTS713（TMRCA約3330年前）　総人口の0.71%（21/2938）
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*約0.33%（5/1521）が日本や韓国等で稀に見られるO-CTS10687
*約0.33%（5/1521）が日本や韓国等で稀に見られるO-CTS10687
モンゴル国内を対象とした多くの研究論文ではハプログループO1b2に属す可能性のある男性が皆無である：
モンゴル国内を対象とした多くの研究論文ではハプログループO1b2に属す可能性のある男性が皆無である：
*Mongolian 0/24 O-M175(xM122, M119, M95)<ref name = "Wells2001">R. Spencer Wells, Nadira Yuldasheva, Ruslan Ruzibakiev, Peter A. Underhill, Irina Evseeva, Jason Blue-Smith, Li Jin, Bing Su, Ramasamy Pitchappan, Sadagopal Shanmugalakshmi, Karuppiah Balakrishnan, Mark Read, Nathaniel M. Pearson, Tatiana Zerjal, Matthew T. Webster, Irakli Zholoshvili, Elena Jamarjashvili, Spartak Gambarov, Behrouz Nikbin, Ashur Dostiev, Ogonazar Aknazarov, Pierre Zalloua, Igor Tsoy, Mikhail Kitaev, Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Ashir Chariev, and Walter F. Bodmer (2001), "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity." ''PNAS'', vol. 98, no. 18, 10244–10249. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.171305098</ref>
*Mongolian 0/24 O-M175(xM122, M119, M95)<ref name = "Wells2001">R. Spencer Wells, Nadira Yuldasheva, Ruslan Ruzibakiev, Peter A. Underhill, Irina Evseeva, Jason Blue-Smith, Li Jin, Bing Su, Ramasamy Pitchappan, Sadagopal Shanmugalakshmi, Karuppiah Balakrishnan, Mark Read, Nathaniel M. Pearson, Tatiana Zerjal, Matthew T. Webster, Irakli Zholoshvili, Elena Jamarjashvili, Spartak Gambarov, Behrouz Nikbin, Ashur Dostiev, Ogonazar Aknazarov, Pierre Zalloua, Igor Tsoy, Mikhail Kitaev, Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Ashir Chariev, and Walter F. Bodmer (2001), "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity." ''PNAS'', vol. 98, no. 18, 10244–10249. {{doi|10.1073/pnas.171305098}}.</ref>
*Mongolia 0/149 O-SRY465/O-P49<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、Inner Mongolian（座標によると採取地は中華人民共和国内モンゴル自治区フルンボイル市オロチョン自治旗）0/45 O-SRY465<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*Mongolia 0/149 O-SRY465/O-P49<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、Inner Mongolian（座標によると採取地は中華人民共和国内モンゴル自治区フルンボイル市オロチョン自治旗）0/45 O-SRY465<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*Outer Mongolian（座標によると採取地はウランバートル市バヤンズルフ地区の北東部）0/65 O-SRY465<ref name= "Xue2006" />、[[ドルベト (モンゴル)|ドルベト]]（[[オブス県]]） 0/40 O-M268<ref name = "Balinova2019">Natalia Balinova, Helen Post, Alena Kushniarevich, Rodrigo Flores, Monika Karmin, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, Sergey Litvinov, Murat Dzhaubermezov, Vita Akhmetova, Rita Khusainova, Phillip Endicott, Elza Khusnutdinova, Keemya Orlova, Elza Bakaeva, Irina Khomyakova, Nailya Spitsina, Rena Zinchenko, Richard Villems, and Siiri Rootsi (2019), "Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' 27, pages 1466–1474. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0</ref>
*Outer Mongolian（座標によると採取地はウランバートル市バヤンズルフ地区の北東部）0/65 O-SRY465<ref name= "Xue2006" />、[[ドルベト (モンゴル)|ドルベト]]（[[オブス県]]） 0/40 O-M268<ref name = "Balinova2019">Natalia Balinova, Helen Post, Alena Kushniarevich, Rodrigo Flores, Monika Karmin, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, Sergey Litvinov, Murat Dzhaubermezov, Vita Akhmetova, Rita Khusainova, Phillip Endicott, Elza Khusnutdinova, Keemya Orlova, Elza Bakaeva, Irina Khomyakova, Nailya Spitsina, Rena Zinchenko, Richard Villems, and Siiri Rootsi (2019), "Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' 27, pages 1466–1474. {{doi|10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0}}.</ref>
*[[トルグート]]（[[ホブド県]]） 0/47 O-M268<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*[[トルグート]]（[[ホブド県]]） 0/47 O-M268<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*[[ホシュート]]（[[ホブド県]]） 0/18 O-M268<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*[[ホシュート]]（[[ホブド県]]） 0/18 O-M268<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*蒙古族（[[包頭市]][[ダルハン・ムミンガン連合旗]]） 0/33 O1b2<ref name = "Yang2021">Yang X, Sarengaowa, He G, Guo J, Zhu K, Ma H, Zhao J, Yang M, Chen J, Zhang X, Tao L, Liu Y, Zhang X-F, and Wang C-C (2021), "Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:735786. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.735786</ref>
*蒙古族（[[包頭市]][[ダルハン・ムミンガン連合旗]]） 0/33 O1b2<ref name = "Yang2021">Yang X, Sarengaowa, He G, Guo J, Zhu K, Ma H, Zhao J, Yang M, Chen J, Zhang X, Tao L, Liu Y, Zhang X-F, and Wang C-C (2021), "Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:735786. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2021.735786}}.</ref>
*蒙古族（[[アバガ]]15名+[[ブリヤート]]14名+[[ホルチン]]16名+[[ハルハ]]14名+[[オイラト]]8名+[[ソニド]]5名） 0/72 O1b2<ref name = "Bai2018">Bai, H., Guo, X., Narisu, N., ''et al.'' (2018), "Whole-genome sequencing of 175 Mongolians uncovers population-specific genetic architecture and gene flow throughout North and East Asia." ''Nat Genet'' 50, 1696–1704. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0250-5</ref>
*蒙古族（[[アバガ]]15名+[[ブリヤート]]14名+[[ホルチン]]16名+[[ハルハ]]14名+[[オイラト]]8名+[[ソニド]]5名） 0/72 O1b2<ref name = "Bai2018">Bai, H., Guo, X., Narisu, N., ''et al.'' (2018), "Whole-genome sequencing of 175 Mongolians uncovers population-specific genetic architecture and gene flow throughout North and East Asia." ''Nat Genet'' 50, 1696–1704. {{doi|10.1038/s41588-018-0250-5}}.</ref>
*[[ハルハ]] 0/48 O2b (= O1b2)<ref name = "Jin2009">Jin H-J, Tyler-Smith C, Kim W (2009), "The Peopling of Korea Revealed by Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomal Markers." ''PLoS ONE'' 4(1):
*[[ハルハ]] 0/48 O2b (= O1b2)<ref name = "Jin2009">Jin H-J, Tyler-Smith C, Kim W (2009), "The Peopling of Korea Revealed by Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomal Markers." ''PLoS ONE'' 4(1):e4210. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0004210}}.</ref>
e4210. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004210</ref>
*蒙古族（青海省[[デリンハ市]]）0/129 O2b-M176<ref name = "Lu2011">陆艳．中国西部人群的遗传混合 [D]．上海：复旦大学，2011: 1-84</ref>
*蒙古族（青海省[[デリンハ市]]）0/129 O2b-M176<ref name = "Lu2011">陆艳．中国西部人群的遗传混合 [D]．上海：复旦大学，2011: 1-84</ref>
*蒙古族（新疆ニルカ県オーロト部5名、新疆塔城オーロト部2名、フフホト市オーロト部1名、シリンゴル盟チャハル部2名、オルドス市トゥメト部1名、包頭市ナイマン部1名、通遼市ホルチン部1名）0/13 O1b2<ref name = "Zhao2020">Jing Zhao, Wurigemule, Jin Sun, Ziyang Xia, Guanglin He, Xiaomin Yang, Jianxin Guo, Hui-Zhen Cheng, Yingxiang Li, Song Lin, Tie-Lin Yang, Xi Hu, Hua Du, Peng Cheng, Rong Hu, Gang Chen, Haibing Yuan, Xiu-Fang Zhang, Lan-Hai Wei, Hu-Qin Zhang, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2020), "Genetic substructure and admixture of Mongolians and Kazakhs inferred from genome-wide array genotyping." ''Annals of Human Biology'', 47:7-8, 620-628. DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1837952</ref>。
*蒙古族（新疆ニルカ県オーロト部5名、新疆塔城オーロト部2名、フフホト市オーロト部1名、シリンゴル盟チャハル部2名、オルドス市トゥメト部1名、包頭市ナイマン部1名、通遼市ホルチン部1名）0/13 O1b2<ref name = "Zhao2020">Jing Zhao, Wurigemule, Jin Sun, Ziyang Xia, Guanglin He, Xiaomin Yang, Jianxin Guo, Hui-Zhen Cheng, Yingxiang Li, Song Lin, Tie-Lin Yang, Xi Hu, Hua Du, Peng Cheng, Rong Hu, Gang Chen, Haibing Yuan, Xiu-Fang Zhang, Lan-Hai Wei, Hu-Qin Zhang, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2020), "Genetic substructure and admixture of Mongolians and Kazakhs inferred from genome-wide array genotyping." ''Annals of Human Biology'', 47:7-8, 620-628. {{DOI|10.1080/03014460.2020.1837952}}.</ref>。
モンゴル国及び中国「蒙古族」のサンプルの中でハプログループO1b2に属す者が観察された例としては、以下のものがある。
モンゴル国及び中国「蒙古族」のサンプルの中でハプログループO1b2に属す者が観察された例としては、以下のものがある。
*Di Cristofaro氏等（2013年）による論文<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013">Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazieres S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748</ref>　モンゴル国在住モンゴル人計1/160 = 0.6% O2b-M176
*Di Cristofaro氏等（2013年）による論文<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013">Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazieres S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(10): e76748.{{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0076748}}.</ref>　モンゴル国在住モンゴル人計1/160 = 0.6% O2b-M176
**Mongol-NorthEast 1/20 O2b-M176
**Mongol-NorthEast 1/20 O2b-M176
**Mongol-SouthWest 0/2 O2b-M176
**Mongol-SouthWest 0/2 O2b-M176
79行目: 78行目:
**Mongol-SouthEast 0/23 O2b-M176
**Mongol-SouthEast 0/23 O2b-M176
**Mongol-NorthWest 0/97 O2b-M176
**Mongol-NorthWest 0/97 O2b-M176
*Xuwei Hou等（2022年）による論文<ref name = "Hou2022">Hou X, Zhang X, Li X, Huang T, Li W, Zhang H, Huang H, and Wen Y (2022), "Genomic insights into the genetic structure and population history of Mongolians in Liaoning Province." ''Front. Genet.'' 13:947758. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.947758</ref>
*Xuwei Hou等（2022年）による論文<ref name = "Hou2022">Hou X, Zhang X, Li X, Huang T, Li W, Zhang H, Huang H, and Wen Y (2022), "Genomic insights into the genetic structure and population history of Mongolians in Liaoning Province." ''Front. Genet.'' 13:947758. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2022.947758}}.</ref>
**遼寧省[[阜新市]]蒙古族 1/13 O1b2a1a1-K7/CTS11723）
**遼寧省[[阜新市]]蒙古族 1/13 O1b2a1a1-K7/CTS11723）
*何光林等（2023年）による論文<ref name = "He2023">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Chang‐Hui Liu, Chao Liu, Gang Chen, and Chuan‐Chao Wang (2023), "Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity." ''J Syst Evol'' 61(1): 230-250. DOI: 10.1111/jse.12827</ref>（中国蒙古族5/175 = 2.86% O1b2a1a; 詳細は以下の通り）
*何光林等（2023年）による論文<ref name = "He2023">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Chang‐Hui Liu, Chao Liu, Gang Chen, and Chuan‐Chao Wang (2023), "Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity." ''J Syst Evol'' 61(1): 230-250. {{DOI|10.1111/jse.12827}}.</ref>（中国蒙古族5/175 = 2.86% O1b2a1a; 詳細は以下の通り）
**山東省蒙古族1/6 O1b2a1a1
**山東省蒙古族1/6 O1b2a1a1
**遼寧省[[阜新市]]蒙古族1/9 O1b2a1a1
**遼寧省[[阜新市]]蒙古族1/9 O1b2a1a1
87行目: 86行目:
**遼寧省[[朝陽市]]蒙古族1/12 O1b2a1a1
**遼寧省[[朝陽市]]蒙古族1/12 O1b2a1a1
**内蒙古自治区[[赤峰市]]蒙古族1/22 O1b2a1a1
**内蒙古自治区[[赤峰市]]蒙古族1/22 O1b2a1a1
ハプログループO1b2に属すモンゴル民族の人が主にモンゴル民族居住地域の東部、特に南東部の者であるという事がうかがえる。例外として、加藤徹等による2005年の論文では、ハプログループO1b2が、ハルハ（モンゴル国の主流部族）及びホトン（イスラム教徒）のサンプルからは検出されなかったのに対し、ウリャンハイ及びザフチン（いずれもモンゴル国西部に住む部族）のサンプルからはある程度検出されたとしている。<ref name="Katoh2005">Katoh, Toru; Munkhbat, Batmunkh; Tounai, Kenichi; Mano, Shuhei; Ando, Harue; Oyungerel, Ganjuur; Chae, Gue-Tae; Han, Huun; Jia, Guan-Jun; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Munkhtuvshin, Namid; Tamiya, Gen; Inoko, Hidetoshi (2005). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8017181_Genetic_feature_of_Mongolian_ethnic_groups_revealed_by_Y-chromosomal_analysis Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis]". Gene 346: 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.023. {{PMID|15716011}}.</ref>
ハプログループO1b2に属すモンゴル民族の人が主にモンゴル民族居住地域の東部、特に南東部の者であるという事がうかがえる。例外として、加藤徹等による2005年の論文では、ハプログループO1b2が、ハルハ（モンゴル国の主流部族）及びホトン（イスラム教徒）のサンプルからは検出されなかったのに対し、ウリャンハイ及びザフチン（いずれもモンゴル国西部に住む部族）のサンプルからはある程度検出されたとしている。<ref name="Katoh2005">Katoh, Toru; Munkhbat, Batmunkh; Tounai, Kenichi; Mano, Shuhei; Ando, Harue; Oyungerel, Ganjuur; Chae, Gue-Tae; Han, Huun; Jia, Guan-Jun; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Munkhtuvshin, Namid; Tamiya, Gen; Inoko, Hidetoshi (2005). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8017181_Genetic_feature_of_Mongolian_ethnic_groups_revealed_by_Y-chromosomal_analysis Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis]". Gene 346: 63–70. {{doi|10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.023}}, {{PMID|15716011}}.</ref>
*ハルハ　0/85 O2b-SRY465）
*ハルハ　0/85 O2b-SRY465）
*ホトン　0/40 O2b-SRY465）
*ホトン　0/40 O2b-SRY465）
95行目: 94行目:
また、韓国のある研究チームによる一連の論文では針原伸二から提供されたという<ref name = "Jin2003">Han Jun Jin and Wook Kim (2003), "Genetic Relationship Between Korean and Mongolian Populations Based on the Y Chromosome DNA Variation." ''Korean J Biol Sci'' 7: 139-144.</ref>「東モンゴルのブリヤート族」のサンプルを扱っており49人中1人<ref name = "Jin2003" />または50人中1人<ref name = "Jin2010" />にハプログループO1b2-M176(x47z)が観察されたとしている。
また、韓国のある研究チームによる一連の論文では針原伸二から提供されたという<ref name = "Jin2003">Han Jun Jin and Wook Kim (2003), "Genetic Relationship Between Korean and Mongolian Populations Based on the Y Chromosome DNA Variation." ''Korean J Biol Sci'' 7: 139-144.</ref>「東モンゴルのブリヤート族」のサンプルを扱っており49人中1人<ref name = "Jin2003" />または50人中1人<ref name = "Jin2010" />にハプログループO1b2-M176(x47z)が観察されたとしている。


また、ロシア国内に居住する[[ウデヘ]]<ref name = "Jin2010">Han-Jun Jin, Ki-Cheol Kim, and Wook Kim (2010), "Genetic Diversity of Two Haploid Markers in the Udegey Population From Southeastern Siberia." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 142:303–313. DOI 10.1002/ajpa.21232</ref>、そして中国国内に居住する[[ダウール族]]、[[ナナイ]]、[[エヴェンキ]]、[[シベ族]]、[[漢族]]、[[回族]]、[[ウイグル]]、[[土家族]]、四川省カンゼ・チベット族自治州[[新竜県|新龍県]]の[[チベット族]]（カムパ）などでも稀に観察された例がある。
また、ロシア国内に居住する[[ウデヘ]]<ref name = "Jin2010">Han-Jun Jin, Ki-Cheol Kim, and Wook Kim (2010), "Genetic Diversity of Two Haploid Markers in the Udegey Population From Southeastern Siberia." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 142:303–313. {{doi|10.1002/ajpa.21232}}.</ref>、そして中国国内に居住する[[ダウール族]]、[[ナナイ]]、[[エヴェンキ]]、[[シベ族]]、[[漢族]]、[[回族]]、[[ウイグル]]、[[土家族]]、四川省カンゼ・チベット族自治州[[新竜県|新龍県]]の[[チベット族]]（カムパ）などでも稀に観察された例がある。


==系統樹==
==系統樹==
122行目: 121行目:
*********O1b2a1a2a1b* - 韓国<ref name = "YFull" /><ref name = "FTDNA" />、中国<ref name = "23mofang" />
*********O1b2a1a2a1b* - 韓国<ref name = "YFull" /><ref name = "FTDNA" />、中国<ref name = "23mofang" />
*********O1b2a1a2a1b1 (PH40) - 韓国<ref name = "YFull" />、日本(1.4%)<ref name = "FTDNA" />、中国<ref name = "23mofang" /><ref name = "YFull" /><ref name = "FTDNA" />
*********O1b2a1a2a1b1 (PH40) - 韓国<ref name = "YFull" />、日本(1.4%)<ref name = "FTDNA" />、中国<ref name = "23mofang" /><ref name = "YFull" /><ref name = "FTDNA" />
******'''O1b2a1a2b''' (F940) - 最近共通祖先 2700年前。現代中国(約0.12%)<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F940/detail</ref>。[[漢民族]]（[[湖南省]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[江西省]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[河南省]]<ref name = "Yan2014">Yan S, Wang C-C, Zheng H-X, Wang W, Qin Z-D, ''et al.'' (2014), "Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e105691. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105691</ref>等）に稀に見られる。
******'''O1b2a1a2b''' (F940) - 最近共通祖先 2700年前。現代中国(約0.12%)<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F940/detail</ref>。[[漢民族]]（[[湖南省]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[江西省]]<ref name = "YFull" />、[[河南省]]<ref name = "Yan2014">Yan S, Wang C-C, Zheng H-X, Wang W, Qin Z-D, ''et al.'' (2014), "Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e105691. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0105691}}.</ref>等）に稀に見られる。
*******'''O-MF56823''' - 最近共通祖先 約1540年前。現代中国(約0.01%)。特に[[山西省]]（約0.05%）、陝西省（約0.05%）、内蒙古自治区（約0.05%）、河南省（約0.05%）、北京市（約0.04%）、吉林省（約0.04%）、黒竜江省（約0.03%）、河北省（約0.03%）で比較的多めに見られる。中国全国で最も多い姓でもある[[王氏|王姓]]を名乗る者が特に多い。<ref name = "23mofangNorthernWang">[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/family/5ed8de8a9d543f00067b1ee9 23魔方祖源による「豫陕晋冀王氏家族」の説明]</ref><ref name = "23mofang">[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-P49 Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O-P49 at 23mofang]</ref>
*******'''O-MF56823''' - 最近共通祖先 約1540年前。現代中国(約0.01%)。特に[[山西省]]（約0.05%）、陝西省（約0.05%）、内蒙古自治区（約0.05%）、河南省（約0.05%）、北京市（約0.04%）、吉林省（約0.04%）、黒竜江省（約0.03%）、河北省（約0.03%）で比較的多めに見られる。中国全国で最も多い姓でもある[[王氏|王姓]]を名乗る者が特に多い。<ref name = "23mofangNorthernWang">[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/family/5ed8de8a9d543f00067b1ee9 23魔方祖源による「豫陕晋冀王氏家族」の説明]</ref><ref name = "23mofang">[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-P49 Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O-P49 at 23mofang]</ref>
*******'''O-MF61543''' - 最近共通祖先 約1630年前。現代中国(約0.10%)。特に湖南省（約0.65%）、重慶市（約0.33%）、江西省（約0.29%）、広西壮族自治区（約0.27%）、湖北省（約0.20%）、四川省（約0.15%）、貴州省（約0.12%）に於いて平均値以上の割合を占める。[[周 (姓)|周姓]]を名乗る者が多く、湖南省の中でも特に[[湘潭市]]（全男性人口の約2.05%)、[[益陽市]]（約1.67%）、[[長沙市]]（約1.29%）等湖南省北東部に集中して分布している。<ref name = "23mofangHunanZhou">[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/family/5d4aa92fe956900001f4a605 23魔方祖源による「湖南周氏家族」の説明]</ref>
*******'''O-MF61543''' - 最近共通祖先 約1630年前。現代中国(約0.10%)。特に湖南省（約0.65%）、重慶市（約0.33%）、江西省（約0.29%）、広西壮族自治区（約0.27%）、湖北省（約0.20%）、四川省（約0.15%）、貴州省（約0.12%）に於いて平均値以上の割合を占める。[[周 (姓)|周姓]]を名乗る者が多く、湖南省の中でも特に[[湘潭市]]（全男性人口の約2.05%)、[[益陽市]]（約1.67%）、[[長沙市]]（約1.29%）等湖南省北東部に集中して分布している。<ref name = "23mofangHunanZhou">[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/family/5d4aa92fe956900001f4a605 23魔方祖源による「湖南周氏家族」の説明]</ref>
134行目: 133行目:
**日本全国
**日本全国
***31.84% (761/2390) <ref name = "Sato2014" />
***31.84% (761/2390) <ref name = "Sato2014" />
***32.2% (139/432) <ref name = "Harayama2014">Yuta Harayama, Sayako Kamei, Noriko Sato, Tokutaro Hayashi, Tetsuya Shiozaki, Masao Ota, and Hideki Asamura (2014), "Analysis of Y chromosome haplogroups in Japanese population using short amplicons and its application in forensic analysis." ''Legal Medicine'', Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 20-25, ISSN 1344-6223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2013.10.005. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622313001211)</ref>
***32.2% (139/432) <ref name = "Harayama2014">Yuta Harayama, Sayako Kamei, Noriko Sato, Tokutaro Hayashi, Tetsuya Shiozaki, Masao Ota, and Hideki Asamura (2014), "Analysis of Y chromosome haplogroups in Japanese population using short amplicons and its application in forensic analysis." ''Legal Medicine'', Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 20-25, {{ISSN|1344-6223}}, {{doi|10.1016/j.legalmed.2013.10.005}}, (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622313001211).</ref>
***33.5% (88/263) <ref name = "Nonaka2007" />
***33.5% (88/263) <ref name = "Nonaka2007" />
**[[大和民族]]
**[[大和民族]]
150行目: 149行目:
***32.0% (16/50) 茨城県<ref name = "Kim2011">Soon-Hee Kim, Ki-Cheol Kim, Dong-Jik Shin, ''et al.'', "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2011, 2:10. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/2/1/10. 地域別の分布についてはTable S3: Haplotypes for 25 Y-SNPs and 17 Y-STR loci in 1,108 males from east Asian populations参照。TOから始まるサンプル番号は徳島県、JIから始まるサンプル番号は茨城県、JYから始まるサンプル番号は山口県のサンプルをそれぞれ表している。</ref>
***32.0% (16/50) 茨城県<ref name = "Kim2011">Soon-Hee Kim, Ki-Cheol Kim, Dong-Jik Shin, ''et al.'', "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2011, 2:10. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/2/1/10. 地域別の分布についてはTable S3: Haplotypes for 25 Y-SNPs and 17 Y-STR loci in 1,108 males from east Asian populations参照。TOから始まるサンプル番号は徳島県、JIから始まるサンプル番号は茨城県、JYから始まるサンプル番号は山口県のサンプルをそれぞれ表している。</ref>
***32.1% (17/53) 九州<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
***32.1% (17/53) 九州<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
***32.1% (18/56) 東京<ref name = "Poznik2016">G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, ''et al.'', "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." ''Nature Genetics'' 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.</ref>
***32.1% (18/56) 東京<ref name = "Poznik2016">G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, ''et al.'', "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." ''Nature Genetics'' 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. {{doi|10.1038/ng.3559}}.</ref>
***32.6% (97/298) [[金沢市]]大学生<ref name = "Sato2014" />
***32.6% (97/298) [[金沢市]]大学生<ref name = "Sato2014" />
***32.7% (17/52) 東京都<ref name = "Naito2013" />
***32.7% (17/52) 東京都<ref name = "Naito2013" />
162行目: 161行目:
**[[琉球民族]]
**[[琉球民族]]
***19.4% (7/36) [[沖縄県立開邦高等学校]]の男子生徒<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />
***19.4% (7/36) [[沖縄県立開邦高等学校]]の男子生徒<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />
***22.2% (10/45) 沖縄<ref name="Hammer2006">Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: Common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". Journal of Human Genetics 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. {{PMID|16328082}}</ref>
***22.2% (10/45) 沖縄<ref name="Hammer2006">Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: Common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". Journal of Human Genetics 51 (1): 47–58. {{doi|10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0}}. {{PMID|16328082}}</ref>
***23.0% (20/87) 沖縄（Y-STRより推定）<ref name = "Nonaka2007" />
***23.0% (20/87) 沖縄（Y-STRより推定）<ref name = "Nonaka2007" />
***26.5% (13/49) [[沖縄県立八重山高等学校]]及び[[沖縄県立八重山商工高等学校]]の男子生徒<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />
***26.5% (13/49) [[沖縄県立八重山高等学校]]及び[[沖縄県立八重山商工高等学校]]の男子生徒<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />
169行目: 168行目:
*[[朝鮮民族]]
*[[朝鮮民族]]
**19.9% (31/156) 韓国<ref name = "Jin2003" />
**19.9% (31/156) 韓国<ref name = "Jin2003" />
**26.9% (58/216) [[ソウル]]及び[[大田広域市|大田市]]<ref name = "Kim2007">Kim W, Yoo T-K, Kim S-J, Shin D-J, Tyler-Smith C, ''et al'' (2007), "Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population." ''PLoS ONE'' 2(1): e172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000172</ref>
**26.9% (58/216) [[ソウル]]及び[[大田広域市|大田市]]<ref name = "Kim2007">Kim W, Yoo T-K, Kim S-J, Shin D-J, Tyler-Smith C, ''et al'' (2007), "Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population." ''PLoS ONE'' 2(1): e172. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0000172}}.</ref>
**27.9% (12/43) ソウル付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />
**27.9% (12/43) ソウル付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />
**28.0% (7/25) 遼寧省阜新市[[阜新モンゴル族自治県]]付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />
**28.0% (7/25) 遼寧省阜新市[[阜新モンゴル族自治県]]付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />
**28.2% (31/110) [[ソウル]]及び[[京畿道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**28.2% (31/110) [[ソウル]]及び[[京畿道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**29.1% (16/55)<ref name = "Kim2020">Jungeun Kim, Sungwon Jeon, Jae-Pil Choi, Asta Blazyte, Yeonsu Jeon, Jong-Il Kim, Jun Ohashi, Katsushi Tokunaga, Sumio Sugano, Suthat Fucharoen, Fahd Al-Mulla, Jong Bhak, "The Origin and Composition of Korean Ethnicity Analyzed by Ancient and Present-Day Genome Sequences," ''Genome Biology and Evolution'', Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2020, Pages 553–565, https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa062</ref>
**29.1% (16/55)<ref name = "Kim2020">Jungeun Kim, Sungwon Jeon, Jae-Pil Choi, Asta Blazyte, Yeonsu Jeon, Jong-Il Kim, Jun Ohashi, Katsushi Tokunaga, Sumio Sugano, Suthat Fucharoen, Fahd Al-Mulla, Jong Bhak, "The Origin and Composition of Korean Ethnicity Analyzed by Ancient and Present-Day Genome Sequences," ''Genome Biology and Evolution'', Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2020, Pages 553–565, {{doi|10.1093/gbe/evaa062}}.</ref>
**29.1% (120/412)<ref name = "Kim2000">Wook Kim, Dong Jik Shin, Shinji Harihara, and Yung Jin Kim (2000), "Y chromosomal DNA variation in East Asian populations and its potential for inferring the peopling of Korea." ''J Hum Genet'' 45:76–83.</ref>
**29.1% (120/412)<ref name = "Kim2000">Wook Kim, Dong Jik Shin, Shinji Harihara, and Yung Jin Kim (2000), "Y chromosomal DNA variation in East Asian populations and its potential for inferring the peopling of Korea." ''J Hum Genet'' 45:76–83.</ref>
**29.8% (25/84) [[慶尚道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**29.8% (25/84) [[慶尚道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
179行目: 178行目:
**31.1%以下 (≤14/45)<ref name = "Wells2001" />
**31.1%以下 (≤14/45)<ref name = "Wells2001" />
**31.1% (28/90) [[全羅道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**31.1% (28/90) [[全羅道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**31.59% (181/573) [[ソウル]]<ref name = "Park2012">Park, M.J., Lee, H.Y., Yang, W.I. ''et al.'' Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses. ''Int J Legal Med'' 126, 589–599 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9</ref>
**31.59% (181/573) [[ソウル]]<ref name = "Park2012">Park, M.J., Lee, H.Y., Yang, W.I. ''et al.'' Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses. ''Int J Legal Med'' 126, 589–599 (2012). {{doi|10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9}}.</ref>
**32.0%以下 (≤8/25)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
**32.0%以下 (≤8/25)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
**32.2% (28/87) [[済州島]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**32.2% (28/87) [[済州島]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
186行目: 185行目:
**39.7% (25/63) [[江原特別自治道|江原道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**39.7% (25/63) [[江原特別自治道|江原道]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*[[満州族]]
*[[満州族]]
**0% (0/55) 貴州省[[畢節市]]<ref name = "Chen2021">Chen J, He G, Ren Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang M, Zhang H, Ji J, Zhao J, Guo J, Zhu K, Yang X, Wang R, Ma H, Wang C-C, and Huang J (2021), "Genomic Insights Into the Admixture History of Mongolic- and Tungusic-Speaking Populations From Southwestern East Asia." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:685285. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685285</ref>
**0% (0/55) 貴州省[[畢節市]]<ref name = "Chen2021">Chen J, He G, Ren Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang M, Zhang H, Ji J, Zhao J, Guo J, Zhu K, Yang X, Wang R, Ma H, Wang C-C, and Huang J (2021), "Genomic Insights Into the Admixture History of Mongolic- and Tungusic-Speaking Populations From Southwestern East Asia." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:685285. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2021.685285}}.</ref>
**0% (0/12) 遼寧省錦州市[[黒山県]]及び[[北鎮市]]<ref name = "Na2023">Na Sun, Le Tao, Rui Wang, Kongyang Zhu, Xiangjun Hai, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2023), "The genetic structure and admixture of Manchus and Koreans in northeast China." ''Annals of Human Biology'' Vol. 50, No. 1, 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2023.2182912</ref>
**0% (0/12) 遼寧省錦州市[[黒山県]]及び[[北鎮市]]<ref name = "Na2023">Na Sun, Le Tao, Rui Wang, Kongyang Zhu, Xiangjun Hai, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2023), "The genetic structure and admixture of Manchus and Koreans in northeast China." ''Annals of Human Biology'' Vol. 50, No. 1, 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2023.2182912</ref>
**2.7%以下 (≤1/37) 遼寧省撫順市[[新賓満族自治県]]<ref name = "Zhang2021" />
**2.7%以下 (≤1/37) 遼寧省撫順市[[新賓満族自治県]]<ref name = "Zhang2021" />
194行目: 193行目:
**33.7% (34/101)<ref name="Katoh2005"/>
**33.7% (34/101)<ref name="Katoh2005"/>
*[[シボ族]] 2.4% (1/41)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[シボ族]] 2.4% (1/41)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[ナナイ族]] 2.7%以下（≤1/37） [[ハバロフスク地方]]サマル氏族<ref name = "Bogunov2015">Y.V. Bogunov, O.V. Maltseva, A.A. Bogunova, and E.V. Balanovskaya, "The Nanai Clan Samar: the Structure of Gene Pool Based on Y-Chromosome Markers." ''Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia'' 43/2 (2015) 146–152. doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2015.09.015</ref>、4.4% (2/45) 黒竜江省<ref name = "Xue2006">Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." ''Genetics'' 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.054270</ref><ref name = "Lippold2014">Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y-chromosome and mtDNA sequences." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2014, 5:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-2223-5-13</ref><ref name = "He2022">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Chang‐Hui Liu, Chao Liu, Gang Chen, and Chuan‐Chao Wang, "Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity." ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'' 00 (0): 1–21, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12827</ref>
*[[ナナイ族]] 2.7%以下（≤1/37） [[ハバロフスク地方]]サマル氏族<ref name = "Bogunov2015">Y.V. Bogunov, O.V. Maltseva, A.A. Bogunova, and E.V. Balanovskaya, "The Nanai Clan Samar: the Structure of Gene Pool Based on Y-Chromosome Markers." ''Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia'' 43/2 (2015) 146–152. {{doi|10.1016/j.aeae.2015.09.015}}.</ref>、4.4% (2/45) 黒竜江省<ref name = "Xue2006">Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." ''Genetics'' 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). {{DOI|10.1534/genetics.105.054270}}.</ref><ref name = "Lippold2014">Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y-chromosome and mtDNA sequences." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2014, 5:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-2223-5-13</ref><ref name = "He2022">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Chang‐Hui Liu, Chao Liu, Gang Chen, and Chuan‐Chao Wang, "Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity." ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'' 00 (0): 1–21, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12827</ref>
*ウリチ族またはナナイ族 ハバロフスク地方ウリチスキー地区旧ブラヴァ村及び新ブラヴァ村 15.1%以下 (≤8/53)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
*ウリチ族またはナナイ族 ハバロフスク地方ウリチスキー地区旧ブラヴァ村及び新ブラヴァ村 15.1%以下 (≤8/53)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
*[[ウリチ|ウリチ族]] 1.9%以下（≤1/52）<ref name = "Balanovska2018">E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, O. A. Balaganskaya, A. T. Agdzhoyan, A. A. Bogunova, R. A. Skhalyakho, I. E. Alborova, M. K. Zhabagin, S. M. Koshel, D. M. Daragan, E. B. Borisova, A. A. Galakhova, O. V. Maltceva, Kh. Kh. Mustafin, N. K. Yankovsky, and O. P. Balanovsky, "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253. ISSN 1022-7954. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795418100046</ref>
*[[ウリチ|ウリチ族]] 1.9%以下（≤1/52）<ref name = "Balanovska2018">E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, O. A. Balaganskaya, A. T. Agdzhoyan, A. A. Bogunova, R. A. Skhalyakho, I. E. Alborova, M. K. Zhabagin, S. M. Koshel, D. M. Daragan, E. B. Borisova, A. A. Galakhova, O. V. Maltceva, Kh. Kh. Mustafin, N. K. Yankovsky, and O. P. Balanovsky, "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253. {{ISSN|1022-7954}}, {{doi|10.1134/S1022795418100046}}.</ref>
*[[ウデゲ族]] 9.5% (2/21)<ref name = "Jin2010">Han-Jun Jin, Ki-Cheol Kim, and Wook Kim (2010), "Genetic Diversity of Two Haploid Markers in the Udegey Population From Southeastern Siberia." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 142:303–313. DOI 10.1002/ajpa.21232</ref>、12.9%以下 (≤4/31)<ref name = "Kharkovthesis">ХАРЬКОВ, Владимир Николаевич, "СТРУКТУРА И ФИЛОГЕОГРАФИЯ ГЕНОФОНДА КОРЕННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СИБИРИ ПО МАРКЕРАМ Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ." генетика 03.02.07.</ref>、25%以下 (≤5/20)<ref name = "Lell2002">Jeffrey T. Lell, Rem I. Sukernik, Yelena B. Starikovskaya, Bing Su, Li Jin, Theodore G. Schurr, Peter A. Underhill, and Douglas C. Wallace (2002), "The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes." ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' 70:192–206.</ref>
*[[ウデゲ族]] 9.5% (2/21)<ref name = "Jin2010">Han-Jun Jin, Ki-Cheol Kim, and Wook Kim (2010), "Genetic Diversity of Two Haploid Markers in the Udegey Population From Southeastern Siberia." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 142:303–313. {{doi|10.1002/ajpa.21232}}.</ref>、12.9%以下 (≤4/31)<ref name = "Kharkovthesis">ХАРЬКОВ, Владимир Николаевич, "СТРУКТУРА И ФИЛОГЕОГРАФИЯ ГЕНОФОНДА КОРЕННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СИБИРИ ПО МАРКЕРАМ Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ." генетика 03.02.07.</ref>、25%以下 (≤5/20)<ref name = "Lell2002">Jeffrey T. Lell, Rem I. Sukernik, Yelena B. Starikovskaya, Bing Su, Li Jin, Theodore G. Schurr, Peter A. Underhill, and Douglas C. Wallace (2002), "The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes." ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' 70:192–206.</ref>
*[[オロチョン族]] 0% (0/31)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/23)<ref name = "Karafet2001" />
*[[オロチョン族]] 0% (0/31)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/23)<ref name = "Karafet2001" />
*[[ネギダール]] ハバロフスク地方イメニ・ポリヌ・オシペンコ地区及びニコラエフスキー地区 0% (0/17)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
*[[ネギダール]] ハバロフスク地方イメニ・ポリヌ・オシペンコ地区及びニコラエフスキー地区 0% (0/17)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
*[[エヴェンキ]] [[クラスノヤルスク地方]]トゥルハンスキー地区Sovetskaya Rechka村<ref name = "Karafet2018">Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Olga V. Savina, Brian Hallmark, and Michael F. Hammer, "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations." ''Am J Hum Biol.'' 2018;e23194. DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23194</ref> 0% (0/95)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、[[サハ共和国]] 0% (0/57)<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />、[[エニセイ川]]流域 0% （0/31）<ref name = "Lell2002" />、[[新バルグ左旗]]付近 0% (0/26)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、ハバロフスク地方[[トゥグロ＝チュミカン地区]]オホーツク海沿岸 0% (0/16)<ref name = "Lell2002" />、ロシア（ニュクジャ川流域78人、[[ポドカメンナヤ・ツングースカ川]]流域40人、[[タイミル半島]]18人、イエングラ川流域9人） 0.8%以下 (≤1/127)<ref name = "Duggan2013">Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, ''et al.'' (2013) "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570</ref>、2.4% (1/41) 中国東北部（旧満州）<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*[[エヴェンキ]] [[クラスノヤルスク地方]]トゥルハンスキー地区Sovetskaya Rechka村<ref name = "Karafet2018">Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Olga V. Savina, Brian Hallmark, and Michael F. Hammer, "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations." ''Am J Hum Biol.'' 2018;e23194. {{doi|10.1002/ajhb.23194}}.</ref> 0% (0/95)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、[[サハ共和国]] 0% (0/57)<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />、[[エニセイ川]]流域 0% （0/31）<ref name = "Lell2002" />、[[新バルグ左旗]]付近 0% (0/26)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、ハバロフスク地方[[トゥグロ＝チュミカン地区]]オホーツク海沿岸 0% (0/16)<ref name = "Lell2002" />、ロシア（ニュクジャ川流域78人、[[ポドカメンナヤ・ツングースカ川]]流域40人、[[タイミル半島]]18人、イエングラ川流域9人） 0.8%以下 (≤1/127)<ref name = "Duggan2013">Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, ''et al.'' (2013) "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(12): e83570. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0083570}}.</ref>、2.4% (1/41) 中国東北部（旧満州）<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*[[エヴェン]] 0% (0/24) [[サハ共和国]]<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />、0% (0/31)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/89) ロシア（[[サハ共和国]]74人及び[[カムチャツカ地方]]15人<ref name = "Duggan2013" />）
*[[エヴェン]] 0% (0/24) [[サハ共和国]]<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />、0% (0/31)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/89) ロシア（[[サハ共和国]]74人及び[[カムチャツカ地方]]15人<ref name = "Duggan2013" />）
*[[ダウール族]] 1.9% (4/207)<ref name = "Wang2018">王遅早，石美森，李輝, 「分子人類学視野下的達斡爾族族源研究」。北方民族大学学報(哲学社会科学版) 2018年第5期, 総第143期。</ref>、2.6% (1/39)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[ダウール族]] 1.9% (4/207)<ref name = "Wang2018">王遅早，石美森，李輝, 「分子人類学視野下的達斡爾族族源研究」。北方民族大学学報(哲学社会科学版) 2018年第5期, 総第143期。</ref>、2.6% (1/39)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[ブリヤート人]] ロシア 0% (0/298)<ref name = "Kharkov2014">V. N. Kharkov, K. V. Khamina, O. F. Medvedeva, K. V. Simonova, E. R.　Eremina, and V. A. Stepanov, "Gene Pool of Buryats: Clinal Variability and Territorial Subdivision Based on Data of Y-Chromosome Markers." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2014, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 180–190. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795413110082</ref>、[[ウラン・ウデ]]<ref name = "Karafet2018" /> 0% (0/81)<ref name="Hammer2006"/>、[[バルガ族]] [[内モンゴル自治区]][[フルンボイル市]] 0% (0/76)<ref name = "Malyarchuk2016">Boris A Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Marcin Woźniak, Urszula Rogalla, Irina Dambueva, and Tomasz Grzybowski, "Y chromosome haplotype diversity in Mongolic-speaking populations and gene conversion at the duplicated STR DYS385a,b in haplogroup C3-M407." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2016) 61, 491–496; doi:10.1038/jhg.2016.14</ref>、[[イルクーツク州]]ニジネウディンスク地区クシュン村 0% (0/13)、モンゴル国 2.0% (1/49)<ref name="Jin2003"/>
*[[ブリヤート人]] ロシア 0% (0/298)<ref name = "Kharkov2014">V. N. Kharkov, K. V. Khamina, O. F. Medvedeva, K. V. Simonova, E. R.　Eremina, and V. A. Stepanov, "Gene Pool of Buryats: Clinal Variability and Territorial Subdivision Based on Data of Y-Chromosome Markers." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2014, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 180–190. {{doi|10.1134/S1022795413110082}}.</ref>、[[ウラン・ウデ]]<ref name = "Karafet2018" /> 0% (0/81)<ref name="Hammer2006"/>、[[バルガ族]] [[内モンゴル自治区]][[フルンボイル市]] 0% (0/76)<ref name = "Malyarchuk2016">Boris A Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Marcin Woźniak, Urszula Rogalla, Irina Dambueva, and Tomasz Grzybowski, "Y chromosome haplotype diversity in Mongolic-speaking populations and gene conversion at the duplicated STR DYS385a,b in haplogroup C3-M407." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2016) 61, 491–496; {{doi|10.1038/jhg.2016.14}}.</ref>、[[イルクーツク州]]ニジネウディンスク地区クシュン村 0% (0/13)、モンゴル国 2.0% (1/49)<ref name="Jin2003"/>
*[[オイラト]] 0% (0/82) カルムイク・[[ホシュート]]部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013" />、0% (0/61) キルギス共和国サルトカルマク<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/52) カルムイク・ブザヴァ部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/47) モンゴル国[[ホブド県]][[トルグート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/40) モンゴル国[[オブス県]]ドルベト部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/28) カルムイク・[[ホシュート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/23) カルムイク・ブザヴァ部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013" />、0% (0/18) モンゴル国ホブド県[[ホシュート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、1.4%以下 (≤1/69) カルムイク・ドルベト部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、1.8%以下 (≤3/165) カルムイク・ドルベト部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013">Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Woźniak, Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108.</ref>、8.3%以下 (≤1/12) [[新疆ウイグル自治区]]カルムイク人<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、12.7%以下 (≤19/150) カルムイク・[[トルグート]]部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013" />、17.2%以下 (≤10/58) カルムイク・[[トルグート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*[[オイラト]] 0% (0/82) カルムイク・[[ホシュート]]部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013" />、0% (0/61) キルギス共和国サルトカルマク<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/52) カルムイク・ブザヴァ部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/47) モンゴル国[[ホブド県]][[トルグート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/40) モンゴル国[[オブス県]]ドルベト部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/28) カルムイク・[[ホシュート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、0% (0/23) カルムイク・ブザヴァ部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013" />、0% (0/18) モンゴル国ホブド県[[ホシュート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、1.4%以下 (≤1/69) カルムイク・ドルベト部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、1.8%以下 (≤3/165) カルムイク・ドルベト部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013">Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Woźniak, Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2013) 58, 804–811; {{doi|10.1038/jhg.2013.108}}.</ref>、8.3%以下 (≤1/12) [[新疆ウイグル自治区]]カルムイク人<ref name = "Balinova2019" />、12.7%以下 (≤19/150) カルムイク・[[トルグート]]部<ref name = "Malyarchuk2013" />、17.2%以下 (≤10/58) カルムイク・[[トルグート]]部<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*[[モンゴル民族|モンゴル人]] 0% (0/149) モンゴル国<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/75) モンゴル国[[ウランバートル]][[ハルハ]]<ref name = "Karafet2018" />、0% (0/24) モンゴル国<ref name = "Wells2001" />、0.6% (1/160) モンゴル国<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013" />
*[[モンゴル民族|モンゴル人]] 0% (0/149) モンゴル国<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/75) モンゴル国[[ウランバートル]][[ハルハ]]<ref name = "Karafet2018" />、0% (0/24) モンゴル国<ref name = "Wells2001" />、0.6% (1/160) モンゴル国<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013" />
*[[ハカス人]] サガイ部 0% (0/69)<ref name = "Damba2018" />
*[[ハカス人]] サガイ部 0% (0/69)<ref name = "Damba2018" />
*[[アルタイ人]] Mendur-Sokkon及びCherniy Anuy 0% (0/98)<ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2018" />、2.6%以下 (≤2/76)<ref name = "Damba2018" />
*[[アルタイ人]] Mendur-Sokkon及びCherniy Anuy 0% (0/98)<ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2018" />、2.6%以下 (≤2/76)<ref name = "Damba2018" />
*[[テレウト人]] [[ケメロヴォ州]]ベコヴォ村 0% (0/40)<ref name = "Karafet2018" />
*[[テレウト人]] [[ケメロヴォ州]]ベコヴォ村 0% (0/40)<ref name = "Karafet2018" />
*[[トゥバ人]] 0% (0/42)<ref name = "Wells2001" />、[[クズル]] 0% (0/40)<ref name = "Lell2002" />、オールジャク氏族 0% (0/27)<ref name = "Damba2018">Damba L.D., Balanovskaya E.V., Zhabagin M.K., Yusupov Y.M., Bogunov Y.V., Sabitov Z.M., Agdzhoyan A.T., Korotkova N.A., Lavryashina M.B., Mongush B.B., Kavai-ool U.N., Balanovsky O.P. "Estimating the impact of Mongol expansion on gene pool of Tuvans." Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii=Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2018;22(5):611-619. DOI 10.18699/VJ18.402</ref>、モングシュ氏族 0%（0/64）<ref name = "Damba2018" />、トゥヴァ共和国 0.2%以下（≤1/419）<ref name = "Kharkov2013">V. N. Kharkov, K. V. Khamina, O. F. Medvedeva, K. V. Simonova, I. Yu. Khitrinskaya, and V. A. Stepanov, "Gene-Pool Structure of Tuvinians Inferred from Y-Chromosome Marker Data." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2013, Vol. 49, No. 12, pp. 1236–1244. DOI: 10.1134/S102279541312003X</ref>
*[[トゥバ人]] 0% (0/42)<ref name = "Wells2001" />、[[クズル]] 0% (0/40)<ref name = "Lell2002" />、オールジャク氏族 0% (0/27)<ref name = "Damba2018">Damba L.D., Balanovskaya E.V., Zhabagin M.K., Yusupov Y.M., Bogunov Y.V., Sabitov Z.M., Agdzhoyan A.T., Korotkova N.A., Lavryashina M.B., Mongush B.B., Kavai-ool U.N., Balanovsky O.P. "Estimating the impact of Mongol expansion on gene pool of Tuvans." Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii=Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2018;22(5):611-619. {{doi|10.18699/VJ18.402}}.</ref>、モングシュ氏族 0%（0/64）<ref name = "Damba2018" />、トゥヴァ共和国 0.2%以下（≤1/419）<ref name = "Kharkov2013">V. N. Kharkov, K. V. Khamina, O. F. Medvedeva, K. V. Simonova, I. Yu. Khitrinskaya, and V. A. Stepanov, "Gene-Pool Structure of Tuvinians Inferred from Y-Chromosome Marker Data." ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2013, Vol. 49, No. 12, pp. 1236–1244. {{doi|10.1134/S102279541312003X}}.</ref>
*[[トジュ・トゥバ人]] 0% (0/46)<ref name = "Balinova2022">Natalia Balinova, Irina Khomyakova, Elena Ayyzhi, Murat Dzhaubermezov, Sergey Litvinov, Elza Khusnutdinova, Galina El'chinova, Rena Zinchenko, Nailya Spitsyna, Jüri Parik, Maere Reidla, and Siiri Rootsi, "Analysis of Polymorphism of Uniparental Markers in Reindeer-Herding Populations: The Tozhu Tuvans of Russia and The Tsaatans Of Mongolia." ''Coll. Antropol.'' 46 (2022) 2: 79–86. doi:10.5671/ca.46.2.1</ref>
*[[トジュ・トゥバ人]] 0% (0/46)<ref name = "Balinova2022">Natalia Balinova, Irina Khomyakova, Elena Ayyzhi, Murat Dzhaubermezov, Sergey Litvinov, Elza Khusnutdinova, Galina El'chinova, Rena Zinchenko, Nailya Spitsyna, Jüri Parik, Maere Reidla, and Siiri Rootsi, "Analysis of Polymorphism of Uniparental Markers in Reindeer-Herding Populations: The Tozhu Tuvans of Russia and The Tsaatans Of Mongolia." ''Coll. Antropol.'' 46 (2022) 2: 79–86. {{doi|10.5671/ca.46.2.1}}.</ref>
*ツァータン（馴鹿使い） 0% (0/23) モンゴル国[[フブスグル県]]<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*ツァータン（馴鹿使い） 0% (0/23) モンゴル国[[フブスグル県]]<ref name = "Balinova2019" />
*[[トファ人]] [[イルクーツク州]]ニジネウディンスク地区 0% (0/19)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
*[[トファ人]] [[イルクーツク州]]ニジネウディンスク地区 0% (0/19)<ref name = "Lell2002" />
236行目: 235行目:
*[[ヤグノブ人]] 0% (0/31) タジキスタン<ref name = "Wells2001" />
*[[ヤグノブ人]] 0% (0/31) タジキスタン<ref name = "Wells2001" />
*[[パミール人]] 0% (0/44) タジキスタン[[シュグニー語|シュグナン]]<ref name = "Wells2001" />、0% (0/30) タジキスタン[[バルタング語|バルタンギ]]<ref name = "Wells2001" />、0% (0/25) タジキスタン[[イシュコシム語|イシュカシミ]]<ref name = "Wells2001" />
*[[パミール人]] 0% (0/44) タジキスタン[[シュグニー語|シュグナン]]<ref name = "Wells2001" />、0% (0/30) タジキスタン[[バルタング語|バルタンギ]]<ref name = "Wells2001" />、0% (0/25) タジキスタン[[イシュコシム語|イシュカシミ]]<ref name = "Wells2001" />
*[[漢民族]] 0% (0/129) 華北<ref name = "Yan2011" />、0% (0/167) 華東<ref name = "Yan2011" />、1.5% (1/65) 華南<ref name = "Yan2011">Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Shi-Lin Li, Li Jin, and The Genographic Consortium, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg201164 An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4.]" ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 19, 1013–1015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64; published online 20 April 2011.</ref>、3.8% (2/52) 湖南省及び福建省<ref name = "Poznik2016" />
*[[漢民族]] 0% (0/129) 華北<ref name = "Yan2011" />、0% (0/167) 華東<ref name = "Yan2011" />、1.5% (1/65) 華南<ref name = "Yan2011">Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Shi-Lin Li, Li Jin, and The Genographic Consortium, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg201164 An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4.]" ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 19, 1013–1015; {{doi|10.1038/ejhg.2011.64}}; published online 20 April 2011.</ref>、3.8% (2/52) 湖南省及び福建省<ref name = "Poznik2016" />
**[[遼寧省]] 0% (0/40)<ref name = "Zhou2022">Zhou J, Zhang X, Li X, Sui J, Zhang S, Zhong H, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Huang H, and Wen Y (2022), "Genetic structure and demographic history of Northern Han people in Liaoning Province inferred from genome-wide array data." ''Front. Ecol. Evol.'' 10:1014024. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1014024</ref>、0% (0/35)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/9) [[瀋陽市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、2.2% (4/183) [[大連市]]<ref name = "Zhao2023">Guang-Bin Zhao, Lei Miao, Mengge Wang, Jia-Hui Yuan, Lan-Hai Wei, Yao-Sen Feng, Jie Zhao, Ke-Lai Kang, Chi Zhang, An-Quan Ji, Guanglin He, and Le Wang, "Developmental validation of a high-resolution panel genotyping 639 Y-chromosome SNP and InDel markers and its evolutionary features in Chinese populations." ''BMC Genomics'' (2023) 24:611. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09709-3.</ref>
**[[遼寧省]] 0% (0/40)<ref name = "Zhou2022">Zhou J, Zhang X, Li X, Sui J, Zhang S, Zhong H, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Huang H, and Wen Y (2022), "Genetic structure and demographic history of Northern Han people in Liaoning Province inferred from genome-wide array data." ''Front. Ecol. Evol.'' 10:1014024. {{doi|10.3389/fevo.2022.1014024}}.</ref>、0% (0/35)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/9) [[瀋陽市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、2.2% (4/183) [[大連市]]<ref name = "Zhao2023">Guang-Bin Zhao, Lei Miao, Mengge Wang, Jia-Hui Yuan, Lan-Hai Wei, Yao-Sen Feng, Jie Zhao, Ke-Lai Kang, Chi Zhang, An-Quan Ji, Guanglin He, and Le Wang, "Developmental validation of a high-resolution panel genotyping 639 Y-chromosome SNP and InDel markers and its evolutionary features in Chinese populations." ''BMC Genomics'' (2023) 24:611. {{doi|10.1186/s12864-023-09709-3}}.</ref>
**吉林省 0% (0/12) [[長春市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、13% (2/15)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**吉林省 0% (0/12) [[長春市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、13% (2/15)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**黒竜江省 0% (0/35) [[ハルビン市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/12) ハルビン市<ref name = "He2022" />、1.8% (2/110)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**黒竜江省 0% (0/35) [[ハルビン市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/12) ハルビン市<ref name = "He2022" />、1.8% (2/110)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**甘粛省 0% (0/49) [[蘭州市]]<ref name = "Yao2021">Yao, H., Wang, M., Zou, X. ''et al.'', "New insights into the fine-scale history of western–eastern admixture of the northwestern Chinese population in the Hexi Corridor via genome-wide genetic legacy." ''Mol Genet Genomics'' 296, 631–651 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01767-0</ref>、0% (0/30) [[蘭州市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/8)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**甘粛省 0% (0/49) [[蘭州市]]<ref name = "Yao2021">Yao, H., Wang, M., Zou, X. ''et al.'', "New insights into the fine-scale history of western–eastern admixture of the northwestern Chinese population in the Hexi Corridor via genome-wide genetic legacy." ''Mol Genet Genomics'' 296, 631–651 (2021). {{doi|10.1007/s00438-021-01767-0}}.</ref>、0% (0/30) [[蘭州市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/8)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[陝西省]] 0% (0/93)<ref name = "He2022Shaanxi">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Ying‐Xiang Li, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Ren‐Kuan Tang, Xiao‐Min Yang, Zheng Wang, Jian‐Xin Guo, Ting Luo, Jing Zhao, Jin Sun, Rong Hu, Lan‐Hai Wei, Gang Chen, Yi‐Ping Hou, and Chuan‐Chao Wang (July 2022), "Fine‐scale north‐to‐south genetic admixture profile in Shaanxi Han Chinese revealed by genome‐wide demographic history reconstruction." ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'', Volume 60, Issue 4, 955–972. doi: 10.1111/jse.12715</ref>、0% (0/26)<ref name = "He2023b" />、[[西安市]] 2.9% (1/34)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**[[陝西省]] 0% (0/93)<ref name = "He2022Shaanxi">Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Ying‐Xiang Li, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Ren‐Kuan Tang, Xiao‐Min Yang, Zheng Wang, Jian‐Xin Guo, Ting Luo, Jing Zhao, Jin Sun, Rong Hu, Lan‐Hai Wei, Gang Chen, Yi‐Ping Hou, and Chuan‐Chao Wang (July 2022), "Fine‐scale north‐to‐south genetic admixture profile in Shaanxi Han Chinese revealed by genome‐wide demographic history reconstruction." ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'', Volume 60, Issue 4, 955–972. {{doi|10.1111/jse.12715}}.</ref>、0% (0/26)<ref name = "He2023b" />、[[西安市]] 2.9% (1/34)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
**[[山西省]] 0% (0/44)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、1.6% (2/127)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[山西省]] 0% (0/44)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、1.6% (2/127)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[河北省]] 1.9% (1/52)<ref name = "He2023b" />、[[邯鄲市]] 2.05% (15/730)<ref name = "Wang2023">Chi-Zao Wang, Lan-Hai Wei, Jia-Shuo Zhang, Xue-Er Yue, Ru-Feng Bai, Hui Li, Mei-Sen Shi, and Shu-Hua Ma, "Forensic characteristics and genetic substructure analysis of the Handan Han population, Northern China." ''Annals of Human Biology'' 2023, Vol. 50, No. 1, 123–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2023.2181985</ref>
**[[河北省]] 1.9% (1/52)<ref name = "He2023b" />、[[邯鄲市]] 2.05% (15/730)<ref name = "Wang2023">Chi-Zao Wang, Lan-Hai Wei, Jia-Shuo Zhang, Xue-Er Yue, Ru-Feng Bai, Hui Li, Mei-Sen Shi, and Shu-Hua Ma, "Forensic characteristics and genetic substructure analysis of the Handan Han population, Northern China." ''Annals of Human Biology'' 2023, Vol. 50, No. 1, 123–125. {{doi|10.1080/03014460.2023.2181985}}.</ref>
**[[北京市]] 1.4% (2/138)<ref name = "He2023b">Guanglin He, Mengge Wang, Lei Miao, Jing Chen, Jie Zhao, Qiuxia Sun, Shuhan Duan, Zhiyong Wang, Xiaofei Xu, Yuntao Sun, Yan Liu, Jing Liu, Zheng Wang, Lanhai Wei, Chao Liu, Jian Ye, and Le Wang, "Multiple founding paternal lineages inferred from the newly-developed 639-plex Y-SNP panel suggested the complex admixture and migration history of Chinese people." ''Human Genomics'' (2023) 17:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-023-00476-6</ref>、2.0% (1/51)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、4.3% (2/46)<ref name = "Poznik2016" />
**[[北京市]] 1.4% (2/138)<ref name = "He2023b">Guanglin He, Mengge Wang, Lei Miao, Jing Chen, Jie Zhao, Qiuxia Sun, Shuhan Duan, Zhiyong Wang, Xiaofei Xu, Yuntao Sun, Yan Liu, Jing Liu, Zheng Wang, Lanhai Wei, Chao Liu, Jian Ye, and Le Wang, "Multiple founding paternal lineages inferred from the newly-developed 639-plex Y-SNP panel suggested the complex admixture and migration history of Chinese people." ''Human Genomics'' (2023) 17:29. {{doi|10.1186/s40246-023-00476-6}}.</ref>、2.0% (1/51)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、4.3% (2/46)<ref name = "Poznik2016" />
**[[天津市]] 0% (0/13)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[天津市]] 0% (0/13)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[山東省]] 0% (0/193)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/187)<ref name = "ZhangJinke2022">张金科, 董薇, 唐光峰，黄晓亮，杨振，王晓军, 张杰，赵英健，朱奕卿，江丽, 「山東漢、回族男性人群父系遺伝結構研究」。人類学学报 第41巻，第1期、2022年2月。DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0007</ref>、[[淄博市]] 1.29% (4/310)<ref name = "Yin2020a" />
**[[山東省]] 0% (0/193)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/187)<ref name = "ZhangJinke2022">张金科, 董薇, 唐光峰，黄晓亮，杨振，王晓军, 张杰，赵英健，朱奕卿，江丽, 「山東漢、回族男性人群父系遺伝結構研究」。人類学学报 第41巻，第1期、2022年2月。{{DOI|10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0007}}.</ref>、[[淄博市]] 1.29% (4/310)<ref name = "Yin2020a" />
**[[河南省]] 0.9% (2/231)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[河南省]] 0.9% (2/231)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[江蘇省]] 0% (0/54)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/288) [[呉江区]]<ref name = "Yin2020a">Caiyong Yin, Yijie Ren, Atif Adnan, Junzhe Tian, Kejian Guo, Mingying Xia, Ziwei He, Dian Zhai, Xueyun Chen, Lei Wang, Xin Li, Xingjun Qin, Shilin Li, and Li Jin (2020), "Developmental validation of Y-SNP pedigree tagging system: A panel via quick ARMS PCR." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics'', Volume 46, 102271, ISSN 1872-4973, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102271.</ref>
**[[江蘇省]] 0% (0/54)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/288) [[呉江区]]<ref name = "Yin2020a">Caiyong Yin, Yijie Ren, Atif Adnan, Junzhe Tian, Kejian Guo, Mingying Xia, Ziwei He, Dian Zhai, Xueyun Chen, Lei Wang, Xin Li, Xingjun Qin, Shilin Li, and Li Jin (2020), "Developmental validation of Y-SNP pedigree tagging system: A panel via quick ARMS PCR." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics'', Volume 46, 102271, {{ISSN|1872-4973}}, {{doi|10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102271}}.</ref>
**[[安徽省]] 0% (0/20)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[安徽省]] 0% (0/20)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[重慶市]] 1.0% (1/98)<ref name = "WangYicheng2022">Yicheng Wang, Xing Zou, Mengge Wang, Didi Yuan, Li Yang, Yujie Zeng, Fang Cheng, Renkuan Tang, and Guanglin He, "The genomic history of southwestern Chinese populations demonstrated massive population migration and admixture among proto-Hmong–Mien speakers and incoming migrants." ''Molecular Genetics and Genomics'' volume 297, pages 241–262 (2022).</ref>、4.3% (1/23)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[重慶市]] 1.0% (1/98)<ref name = "WangYicheng2022">Yicheng Wang, Xing Zou, Mengge Wang, Didi Yuan, Li Yang, Yujie Zeng, Fang Cheng, Renkuan Tang, and Guanglin He, "The genomic history of southwestern Chinese populations demonstrated massive population migration and admixture among proto-Hmong–Mien speakers and incoming migrants." ''Molecular Genetics and Genomics'' volume 297, pages 241–262 (2022).</ref>、4.3% (1/23)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[湖北省]] 3.7% (1/27)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[湖北省]] 3.7% (1/27)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[湖南省]] 2.9% (4/137)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[湖南省]] 2.9% (4/137)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[貴州省]] 0% (0/26) 遵義市・貴陽市・畢節市<ref name = "WangMengge2023" />、0% (0/19)<ref name = "WangMengge2021">Wang M, Yuan D, Zou X, Wang Z, Yeh H-Y, Liu J, Wei L-H, Wang C-C, Zhu B, Liu C, and He G (2021), "Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:727821. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.727821</ref>、0% (0/8)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[貴州省]] 0% (0/26) 遵義市・貴陽市・畢節市<ref name = "WangMengge2023" />、0% (0/19)<ref name = "WangMengge2021">Wang M, Yuan D, Zou X, Wang Z, Yeh H-Y, Liu J, Wei L-H, Wang C-C, Zhu B, Liu C, and He G (2021), "Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages." ''Front. Genet.'' 12:727821. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2021.727821}}.</ref>、0% (0/8)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[台湾]] 0% (0/84)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0.57% (2/352)<ref name = "Trejaut2014">Trejaut, J.A., Poloni, E.S., Yen, JC. et al. Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia. BMC Genet 15, 77 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-15-77</ref>
**[[台湾]] 0% (0/84)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0.57% (2/352)<ref name = "Trejaut2014">Trejaut, J.A., Poloni, E.S., Yen, JC. et al. Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia. BMC Genet 15, 77 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-15-77</ref>
**[[上海市]] 0.15% (1/689) [[浦東]]<ref name = "Xiao2022">Xiao Zhang, Zhen Tang, Bin Wang, Xindao Zhou, Limin Zhou, Gongying Zhang, Junzhe Tian, Yiqi Zhao, Zhiqing Yao, Lu Tian, Suhua Zhang, Hao Xia, Li Jin, Chengtao Li, and Shilin Li, "Forensic Analysis and Genetic Structure Construction of Chinese Chongming Island Han Based on Y Chromosome STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2022, 13, 1363. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13081363 (Published: 29 July 2022)</ref>、0.19% (1/530) [[崇明島]]<ref name = "Xiao2022" />
**[[上海市]] 0.15% (1/689) [[浦東]]<ref name = "Xiao2022">Xiao Zhang, Zhen Tang, Bin Wang, Xindao Zhou, Limin Zhou, Gongying Zhang, Junzhe Tian, Yiqi Zhao, Zhiqing Yao, Lu Tian, Suhua Zhang, Hao Xia, Li Jin, Chengtao Li, and Shilin Li, "Forensic Analysis and Genetic Structure Construction of Chinese Chongming Island Han Based on Y Chromosome STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2022, 13, 1363. {{doi|10.3390/genes13081363}}, (Published: 29 July 2022)</ref>、0.19% (1/530) [[崇明島]]<ref name = "Xiao2022" />
**[[浙江省]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[浙江省]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[福建省]] 0% (0/127)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/55)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />
**[[福建省]] 0% (0/127)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/55)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />
261行目: 260行目:
**[[広東省]] 0% (0/149)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/40)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2018" />、0% (0/35) [[梅県区]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />
**[[広東省]] 0% (0/149)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/40)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2018" />、0% (0/35) [[梅県区]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />
**[[海南省]] 1.0% (2/195)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[海南省]] 1.0% (2/195)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[広西チワン族自治区]] 0% (0/14)<ref name = "Huang2022">Huang X, Xia Z-Y, Bin X, He G, Guo J, Adnan A, Yin L, Huang Y, Zhao J, Yang Y, Ma F, Li Y, Hu R, Yang T, Wei L-H, and Wang C-C (2022), "Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese." ''Front. Ecol. Evol.'' 10:853391. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.853391</ref>、1.0% (1/104)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[広西チワン族自治区]] 0% (0/14)<ref name = "Huang2022">Huang X, Xia Z-Y, Bin X, He G, Guo J, Adnan A, Yin L, Huang Y, Zhao J, Yang Y, Ma F, Li Y, Hu R, Yang T, Wei L-H, and Wang C-C (2022), "Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese." ''Front. Ecol. Evol.'' 10:853391. {{doi|10.3389/fevo.2022.853391}}.</ref>、1.0% (1/104)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[四川省]] 0% (0/34) [[成都市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、1.0% (1/100)<ref name = "Gao2017">Tianzhen Gao, Libing Yun, Di Zhou, Min Lang, Zheng Wang, Xiaoqin Qian, Jing Liu, and Yiping Hou, "Next-generation sequencing of 74 Y-SNPs to construct a concise consensus phylogeny tree for Chinese population." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series'' Volume 6, E96-E98, December 2017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.043</ref>、3.0% (1/33)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[四川省]] 0% (0/34) [[成都市]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、1.0% (1/100)<ref name = "Gao2017">Tianzhen Gao, Libing Yun, Di Zhou, Min Lang, Zheng Wang, Xiaoqin Qian, Jing Liu, and Yiping Hou, "Next-generation sequencing of 74 Y-SNPs to construct a concise consensus phylogeny tree for Chinese population." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series'' Volume 6, E96-E98, December 2017. {{DOI|https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.043}}.</ref>、3.0% (1/33)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[雲南省]] 0% (0/60)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、0% (0/12)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/5)<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.06% (6/565) [[昭通市]]<ref name = "Yin2020b">Caiyong Yin, Kaiyuan Su, Ziwei He, Dian Zhai, Kejian Guo, Xueyun Chen, Li Jin, and Shilin Li, "Genetic Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis of Chinese Shandong and Yunnan Han Populations by Co-Analyzing Y Chromosomal STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2020, 11, 743; doi:10.3390/genes11070743.</ref>
**[[雲南省]] 0% (0/60)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、0% (0/12)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/5)<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.06% (6/565) [[昭通市]]<ref name = "Yin2020b">Caiyong Yin, Kaiyuan Su, Ziwei He, Dian Zhai, Kejian Guo, Xueyun Chen, Li Jin, and Shilin Li, "Genetic Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis of Chinese Shandong and Yunnan Han Populations by Co-Analyzing Y Chromosomal STRs and SNPs." ''Genes'' 2020, 11, 743; {{doi|10.3390/genes11070743}}.</ref>
**[[内蒙古自治区]] 0% (0/14) [[包頭市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/13) [[フルンボイル市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[内蒙古自治区]] 0% (0/14) [[包頭市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/13) [[フルンボイル市]]<ref name = "He2022" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "He2023b" />
**[[新疆ウイグル自治区]] 0% (0/32) [[イリ地方|イリ]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />
**[[新疆ウイグル自治区]] 0% (0/32) [[イリ地方|イリ]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />
276行目: 275行目:
*[[ミャンマー]] [[ビルマ族]] 0% (合計0/59; [[マグウェ地方域]] 0/21、[[バゴー地方域]] 0/14、[[ザガイン地方域]] 0/13、[[エーヤワディ地方域]] 0/11<ref name = "Peng2013">Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Long Fan, Jie Liu, Adeniyi C Adeola, Shi-Fang Wu, Robert W Murphy, Yong-Gang Yao, and Ya-Ping Zhang (2013), "Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' 22, pp. 1046–1050. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.272</ref>）、[[チン州]]チン族 0% (0/19)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ザガイン地方域]][[ナガ族]] 0% (0/15)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ラカイン州]]ラカイン族 0% (0/13)<ref name = "Peng2013" />
*[[ミャンマー]] [[ビルマ族]] 0% (合計0/59; [[マグウェ地方域]] 0/21、[[バゴー地方域]] 0/14、[[ザガイン地方域]] 0/13、[[エーヤワディ地方域]] 0/11<ref name = "Peng2013">Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Long Fan, Jie Liu, Adeniyi C Adeola, Shi-Fang Wu, Robert W Murphy, Yong-Gang Yao, and Ya-Ping Zhang (2013), "Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' 22, pp. 1046–1050. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.272</ref>）、[[チン州]]チン族 0% (0/19)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ザガイン地方域]][[ナガ族]] 0% (0/15)<ref name = "Peng2013" />、[[ラカイン州]]ラカイン族 0% (0/13)<ref name = "Peng2013" />
*[[チャン族]] 0% (0/33) [[汶川県]]綿虒鎮付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/18) [[丹巴県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />、0% (0/16) [[道孚県]]八美鎮<ref name = "Wang2014" />
*[[チャン族]] 0% (0/33) [[汶川県]]綿虒鎮付近<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/18) [[丹巴県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />、0% (0/16) [[道孚県]]八美鎮<ref name = "Wang2014" />
*[[チベット民族|チベット族]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/56) [[チャムド市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/51) [[シガツェ市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/47) [[雅江県]]河口鎮<ref name = "Wang2014">Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, ''et al.'' (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e103772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772</ref>、0% (0/37) [[ガリ地区]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、2.2% (1/46) [[新竜県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />
*[[チベット民族|チベット族]] 0% (0/105)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/56) [[チャムド市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/51) [[シガツェ市]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/47) [[雅江県]]河口鎮<ref name = "Wang2014">Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, ''et al.'' (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e103772. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0103772}}.</ref>、0% (0/37) [[ガリ地区]]<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、2.2% (1/46) [[新竜県]]<ref name = "Wang2014" />
*[[ミャオ族]] 0% (0/329)<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/1764699027c</ref>、0% (0/58)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/34) 広西チワン族自治区[[百色市]]・[[柳州市]]・[[桂林市]]及び[[河池市]]<ref name = "Huang2022" />、0% (0/13) 重慶市[[黔江区]]及び[[彭水ミャオ族トゥチャ族自治県]]<ref name = "WangYicheng2022" />、2.1%以下 (≤1/48) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Yang2005">Zhili Yang, Yongli Dong, Lu Gao, Baowen Cheng, Jie Yang, Weimin Zeng, Jing Lu, Yanhua Su, and Chunjie Xiao, "The distribution of Y chromosome haplogroups in the nationalities from Yunnan Province of China." ''Annals of Human Biology'', January–February 2005; 32(1): 80–87. DOI: 10.1080/03014460400027557</ref>
*[[ミャオ族]] 0% (0/329)<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/1764699027c</ref>、0% (0/58)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/34) 広西チワン族自治区[[百色市]]・[[柳州市]]・[[桂林市]]及び[[河池市]]<ref name = "Huang2022" />、0% (0/13) 重慶市[[黔江区]]及び[[彭水ミャオ族トゥチャ族自治県]]<ref name = "WangYicheng2022" />、2.1%以下 (≤1/48) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Yang2005">Zhili Yang, Yongli Dong, Lu Gao, Baowen Cheng, Jie Yang, Weimin Zeng, Jing Lu, Yanhua Su, and Chunjie Xiao, "The distribution of Y chromosome haplogroups in the nationalities from Yunnan Province of China." ''Annals of Human Biology'', January–February 2005; 32(1): 80–87. {{DOI|10.1080/03014460400027557}}.</ref>
*[[シェ族]] 0% (0/51)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/34)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[シェ族]] 0% (0/51)<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/34)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[ヤオ族]] 0% (0/60) [[広西チワン族自治区]]<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/35) [[巴馬ヤオ族自治県]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/35) [[連南ヤオ族自治県]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[ヤオ族]] 0% (0/60) [[広西チワン族自治区]]<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" /><ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/35) [[巴馬ヤオ族自治県]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/35) [[連南ヤオ族自治県]]<ref name = "Xue2006" />
283行目: 282行目:
*[[トン族]] 0% (0/8) 貴州省[[黔東南ミャオ族トン族自治州]]<ref name = "WangMengge2023" />
*[[トン族]] 0% (0/8) 貴州省[[黔東南ミャオ族トン族自治州]]<ref name = "WangMengge2023" />
*[[スイ族]] 雲南省[[富源県]] 2.5%以下 (≤1/40)<ref name = "Yang2005" />
*[[スイ族]] 雲南省[[富源県]] 2.5%以下 (≤1/40)<ref name = "Yang2005" />
*[[マオナン族]] 0% (0/23) 貴州省[[平塘県]]<ref name = "Chen2022">Chen Jing, He Guanglin, Ren Zheng, Wang Qiyan, Liu Yubo, Zhang Hongling, Yang Meiqing, Zhang Han, Ji Jingyan, Zhao Jing, Guo Jianxin, Chen Jinwen, Zhu Kongyang, Yang Xiaomin, Wang Rui, Ma Hao, Tao Le, Liu Yilan, Shen Qu, Yang Wenjiao, Wang Chuan-Chao, and Huang Jiang (2022), "Fine-Scale Population Admixture Landscape of Tai–Kadai-Speaking Maonan in Southwest China Inferred From Genome-Wide SNP Data." ''Frontiers in Genetics'' Volume 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.815285. DOI=10.3389/fgene.2022.815285</ref>
*[[マオナン族]] 0% (0/23) 貴州省[[平塘県]]<ref name = "Chen2022">Chen Jing, He Guanglin, Ren Zheng, Wang Qiyan, Liu Yubo, Zhang Hongling, Yang Meiqing, Zhang Han, Ji Jingyan, Zhao Jing, Guo Jianxin, Chen Jinwen, Zhu Kongyang, Yang Xiaomin, Wang Rui, Ma Hao, Tao Le, Liu Yilan, Shen Qu, Yang Wenjiao, Wang Chuan-Chao, and Huang Jiang (2022), "Fine-Scale Population Admixture Landscape of Tai–Kadai-Speaking Maonan in Southwest China Inferred From Genome-Wide SNP Data." ''Frontiers in Genetics'' Volume 13. {{doi|10.3389/fgene.2022.815285}}.</ref>
*[[プイ族]] 0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/14) 貴州省[[竜里県]]<ref name = "WangMengge2023">Wang, M.-G., He, G.-L., Zou, X., Chen, P.-Y., Wang, Z., Tang, R.-K., Yang, X.-M., Chen, J., Yang, M.-Q., Li, Y.-X., Liu, J., Wang, F., Zhao, J., Guo, J.-X., Hu, R., Wei, L.-H., Chen, G., Yeh, H.-Y. and Wang, C.-C. (2023), "Reconstructing the genetic admixture history of Tai-Kadai and Sinitic people: Insights from genome-wide SNP data from South China." ''J. Syst. Evol.'', 61: 157-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12825</ref>
*[[プイ族]] 0% (0/35)<ref name = "Xue2006" />、0% (0/14) 貴州省[[竜里県]]<ref name = "WangMengge2023">Wang, M.-G., He, G.-L., Zou, X., Chen, P.-Y., Wang, Z., Tang, R.-K., Yang, X.-M., Chen, J., Yang, M.-Q., Li, Y.-X., Liu, J., Wang, F., Zhao, J., Guo, J.-X., Hu, R., Wei, L.-H., Chen, G., Yeh, H.-Y. and Wang, C.-C. (2023), "Reconstructing the genetic admixture history of Tai-Kadai and Sinitic people: Insights from genome-wide SNP data from South China." ''J. Syst. Evol.'', 61: 157-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12825</ref>
*[[チワン族]] 0% (0/801) 中国全国<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/176d65ee234</ref>、0% (0/47) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Yang2005" />、0% (0/29) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Huang2022" />、0% (0/20) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/12) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.0% (2/201) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "He2023b" />
*[[チワン族]] 0% (0/801) 中国全国<ref>https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/176d65ee234</ref>、0% (0/47) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Yang2005" />、0% (0/29) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Huang2022" />、0% (0/20) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "Karafet2001" /><ref name = "Hammer2006" />、0% (0/12) 雲南省[[文山チワン族ミャオ族自治州]]<ref name = "Huang2022" />、1.0% (2/201) 広西チワン族自治区<ref name = "He2023b" />
*[[リー族]] 0% (0/158)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/34)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[リー族]] 0% (0/158)<ref name = "He2023b" />、0% (0/34)<ref name = "Xue2006" />
*[[タイ族]] 雲南省[[隴川県]] 0% (0/251)<ref name = "Xu2019">Bingying Xu, Jianxin Guo, Ying Huang, Xueyun Chen, Xiaohua Deng, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2019), "The paternal genetic structure of Jingpo and Dai in southwest China." ''Annals of Human Biology'', 46:3, 279-283, DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1624821</ref>
*[[タイ族]] 雲南省[[隴川県]] 0% (0/251)<ref name = "Xu2019">Bingying Xu, Jianxin Guo, Ying Huang, Xueyun Chen, Xiaohua Deng, and Chuan-Chao Wang (2019), "The paternal genetic structure of Jingpo and Dai in southwest China." ''Annals of Human Biology'', 46:3, 279-283, {{DOI| 10.1080/03014460.2019.1624821}}.</ref>
*[[タイ王国|タイ]] 0% (0/205) コンムアン<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/85) タイ・ユアン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/75) [[バンコク]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/26) タイ・ヨーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/24) タイ・クーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/20) [[シャン族]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0%<ref name="Kutanan2019">Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking (2019), "Contrasting Paternal and Maternal Genetic Histories of Thai and Lao Populations." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' doi:10.1093/molbev/msz083 Advance Access publication April 12, 2019.</ref><ref name="Kutanan2020">Wibhu Kutanan, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Metawee Srikummool, Alexander Hübner, Thanatip Suttipai, Suparat Srithawong, Jatupol Kampuansai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "Cultural variation impacts paternal and maternal genetic lineages of the Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan groups from Thailand." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-0693-x.</ref>、2.2%以下 (≤2/91) タイ・ルー族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、2.5% (1/40)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*[[タイ王国|タイ]] 0% (0/205) コンムアン<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/85) タイ・ユアン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/75) [[バンコク]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/26) タイ・ヨーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/24) タイ・クーン族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0% (0/20) [[シャン族]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、0%<ref name="Kutanan2019">Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking (2019), "Contrasting Paternal and Maternal Genetic Histories of Thai and Lao Populations." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msz083}}. Advance Access publication April 12, 2019.</ref><ref name="Kutanan2020">Wibhu Kutanan, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Metawee Srikummool, Alexander Hübner, Thanatip Suttipai, Suparat Srithawong, Jatupol Kampuansai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "Cultural variation impacts paternal and maternal genetic lineages of the Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan groups from Thailand." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-0693-x.</ref>、2.2%以下 (≤2/91) タイ・ルー族<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />、2.5% (1/40)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*[[ラワ族]] 0% (0/50) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017">Brunelli A, Kampuansai J, Seielstad M, Lomthaisong K, Kangwanpong D, Ghirotto S, ''et al.'' (2017), "Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people." ''PLoS ONE'' 12(7): e0181935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181935</ref>
*[[ラワ族]] 0% (0/50) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017">Brunelli A, Kampuansai J, Seielstad M, Lomthaisong K, Kangwanpong D, Ghirotto S, ''et al.'' (2017), "Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people." ''PLoS ONE'' 12(7): e0181935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181935</ref>
*[[モン族 (Mon)|Mon族]] 0% (0/18) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />
*[[モン族 (Mon)|Mon族]] 0% (0/18) [[タイ北部]]<ref name = "Brunelli2017" />
*[[ベトナム]] 0% (0/600)<ref name="Macholdt2020">Enrico Macholdt, Leonardo Arias, Nguyen Thuy Duong, Nguyen Dang Ton, Nguyen Van Phong, Roland Schröder, Brigitte Pakendorf, Nong Van Hai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "The paternal and maternal genetic history of Vietnamese populations." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2020) 28:636–645. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0557-4</ref>、0% (0/76) [[ハノイ市]][[キン族]]<ref name = "He2012">He J-D, Peng M-S, Quang HH, Dang KP, Trieu AV, ''et al.'' (2012) Patrilineal Perspective on the Austronesian Diffusion in Mainland Southeast Asia. ''PLoS ONE'' 7(5): e36437. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036437</ref>、0% (0/24) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、1.7%以下 (≤1/59) [[ビントゥアン省]][[チャム族]]<ref name = "He2012" />、2.9% (2/70)<ref name = "Karafet2001" />或いは4.3% (3/70)<ref name = "Karafet2010">Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, and Michael F. Hammer (2010), "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 27(8):1833–1844. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq063</ref>、8.3% (4/48) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*[[ベトナム]] 0% (0/600)<ref name="Macholdt2020">Enrico Macholdt, Leonardo Arias, Nguyen Thuy Duong, Nguyen Dang Ton, Nguyen Van Phong, Roland Schröder, Brigitte Pakendorf, Nong Van Hai, and Mark Stoneking (2020), "The paternal and maternal genetic history of Vietnamese populations." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2020) 28:636–645. {{doi|10.1038/s41431-019-0557-4}}.</ref>、0% (0/76) [[ハノイ市]][[キン族]]<ref name = "He2012">He J-D, Peng M-S, Quang HH, Dang KP, Trieu AV, ''et al.'' (2012) Patrilineal Perspective on the Austronesian Diffusion in Mainland Southeast Asia. ''PLoS ONE'' 7(5): e36437. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0036437}}.</ref>、0% (0/24) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/11)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、1.7%以下 (≤1/59) [[ビントゥアン省]][[チャム族]]<ref name = "He2012" />、2.9% (2/70)<ref name = "Karafet2001" />或いは4.3% (3/70)<ref name = "Karafet2010">Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, and Michael F. Hammer (2010), "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 27(8):1833–1844. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msq063}}.</ref>、8.3% (4/48) [[ハノイ市]]<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*フィリピン 0% (0/146)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/64)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、0% (0/48)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/28)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、1.0%以下 (≤4/390)<ref name = "Delfin2011">Frederick Delfin, Jazelyn M Salvador, Gayvelline C Calacal, Henry B Perdigon, Kristina A Tabbada, Lilian P Villamor, Saturnina C Halos, Ellen Gunnarsdóttir, Sean Myles, David A Hughes, Shuhua Xu, Li Jin, Oscar Lao, Manfred Kayser, Matthew E Hurles, Mark Stoneking, and Maria Corazon A De Ungria, "The Y-chromosome landscape of the Philippines: extensive heterogeneity and varying genetic affinities of Negrito and non-Negrito groups." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 19, 224–230; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.162.</ref>、2.6%以下 (≤1/39)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
*フィリピン 0% (0/146)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/64)<ref name = "Kim2011" />、0% (0/48)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/28)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、1.0%以下 (≤4/390)<ref name = "Delfin2011">Frederick Delfin, Jazelyn M Salvador, Gayvelline C Calacal, Henry B Perdigon, Kristina A Tabbada, Lilian P Villamor, Saturnina C Halos, Ellen Gunnarsdóttir, Sean Myles, David A Hughes, Shuhua Xu, Li Jin, Oscar Lao, Manfred Kayser, Matthew E Hurles, Mark Stoneking, and Maria Corazon A De Ungria, "The Y-chromosome landscape of the Philippines: extensive heterogeneity and varying genetic affinities of Negrito and non-Negrito groups." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 19, 224–230; {{doi|10.1038/ejhg.2010.162}}.</ref>、2.6%以下 (≤1/39)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
*マレーシア 0% (0/65) [[コタキナバル]]<ref name = "Hurles2005">Matthew E. Hurles, Bryan C. Sykes, Mark A. Jobling, and Peter Forster (2005), "The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages." ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' 76:894–901.</ref>、0% (0/32)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/18)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/8)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />
*マレーシア 0% (0/65) [[コタキナバル]]<ref name = "Hurles2005">Matthew E. Hurles, Bryan C. Sykes, Mark A. Jobling, and Peter Forster (2005), "The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages." ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' 76:894–901.</ref>、0% (0/32)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/18)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/8)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />
*インドネシア 0% (0/641) [[バリ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/497) [[西ティモール]]<ref name="Tumonggor2014">Meryanne K Tumonggor, Tatiana M Karafet, Sean Downey, ''et al.'', "Isolation, contact and social behavior shaped genetic diversity in West Timor." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2014) 59, 494–503; {{Doi|10.1038/jhg.2014.62}}</ref>、0% (0/394) [[フローレス島 (インドネシア)|フローレス島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/350) [[スンバ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/141) [[ジャワ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/94) [[イリアンジャヤ|西パプア]]高地<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/92) [[ロンブレン島|レンバタ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/89) [[イリアンジャヤ|西パプア]]低地・沿岸部<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/86) [[ボルネオ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/74) [[ムンタワイ諸島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/61) [[ジャワ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/60) [[ニアス島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/57) [[スマトラ島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/54) [[スラウェシ島]][[マンダル語|マンダル人]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/38) [[スマトラ島]][[バタック人|バタク・トバ人]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/34) [[モルッカ諸島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/31) [[小スンダ列島|ヌサ・トゥンガラ諸島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/30) [[モルッカ諸島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/28) [[アロール島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/26) [[スマトラ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/25) [[ボルネオ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/22) [[バンジャルマシン]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/18) [[アンボン島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/17) [[スラウェシ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/9) [[ティモール島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/5) [[小スンダ列島|ヌサ・トゥンガラ諸島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、1.9%以下 (≤1/53) [[ジャワ島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、5.0%以下 (≤2/40) [[ボルネオ島]]南部<ref name = "Kayser2003">Manfred Kayser, Silke Brauer, Gunter Weiss, Wulf Schiefenhövel, Peter Underhill, Peidong Shen, Peter Oefner, Mila Tommaseo-Ponzetta, and Mark Stoneking (2003), "Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea." ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' 72:281–302.</ref>、8.1% (3/37)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*インドネシア 0% (0/641) [[バリ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/497) [[西ティモール]]<ref name="Tumonggor2014">Meryanne K Tumonggor, Tatiana M Karafet, Sean Downey, ''et al.'', "Isolation, contact and social behavior shaped genetic diversity in West Timor." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2014) 59, 494–503; {{Doi|10.1038/jhg.2014.62}}</ref>、0% (0/394) [[フローレス島 (インドネシア)|フローレス島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/350) [[スンバ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/141) [[ジャワ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/94) [[イリアンジャヤ|西パプア]]高地<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/92) [[ロンブレン島|レンバタ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/89) [[イリアンジャヤ|西パプア]]低地・沿岸部<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/86) [[ボルネオ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/74) [[ムンタワイ諸島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/61) [[ジャワ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/60) [[ニアス島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/57) [[スマトラ島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/54) [[スラウェシ島]][[マンダル語|マンダル人]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/38) [[スマトラ島]][[バタック人|バタク・トバ人]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/34) [[モルッカ諸島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/31) [[小スンダ列島|ヌサ・トゥンガラ諸島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/30) [[モルッカ諸島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/28) [[アロール島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/26) [[スマトラ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/25) [[ボルネオ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/22) [[バンジャルマシン]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/18) [[アンボン島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/17) [[スラウェシ島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/9) [[ティモール島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/5) [[小スンダ列島|ヌサ・トゥンガラ諸島]]<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、1.9%以下 (≤1/53) [[ジャワ島]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、5.0%以下 (≤2/40) [[ボルネオ島]]南部<ref name = "Kayser2003">Manfred Kayser, Silke Brauer, Gunter Weiss, Wulf Schiefenhövel, Peter Underhill, Peidong Shen, Peter Oefner, Mila Tommaseo-Ponzetta, and Mark Stoneking (2003), "Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea." ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' 72:281–302.</ref>、8.1% (3/37)<ref name = "Kim2011" />
*台湾[[高山族]] 0% (0/355)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/48)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/39)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、4.7%以下（≤2/43)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
*台湾[[高山族]] 0% (0/355)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />、0% (0/48)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/39)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、4.7%以下（≤2/43)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
*台湾[[平埔族]] 0% (0/370)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />
*台湾[[平埔族]] 0% (0/370)<ref name = "Trejaut2014" />
*パプアニューギニア [[アドミラルティ諸島]] 0% (0/148)<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、[[トロブリアンド諸島]] 0% (0/53)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/44)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、高地 0% (0/33)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、沿岸部 0% (0/31)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、高地 0% (0/31)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/20) [[ムサウ島]]<ref name = "Scheinfeldt2006">Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer, and Joseph Lorenz (2006), "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 23(8):1628–1641. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl028</ref>、0% (0/16) [[ニューブリテン島]]トライ族<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、沿岸部 0% (0/15)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、ナーシオイ族 0% (0/10)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />
*パプアニューギニア [[アドミラルティ諸島]] 0% (0/148)<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、[[トロブリアンド諸島]] 0% (0/53)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/44)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、高地 0% (0/33)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、沿岸部 0% (0/31)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、高地 0% (0/31)<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、0% (0/20) [[ムサウ島]]<ref name = "Scheinfeldt2006">Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer, and Joseph Lorenz (2006), "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 23(8):1628–1641. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msl028}}.</ref>、0% (0/16) [[ニューブリテン島]]トライ族<ref name = "Kayser2003" />、沿岸部 0% (0/15)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、ナーシオイ族 0% (0/10)<ref name = "Karafet2010" />
*[[アボリジニ]]（オーストラリア） 0% (0/95)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/33)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*[[アボリジニ]]（オーストラリア） 0% (0/95)<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/33)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*バヌアツ 0% (0/52)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/44) マエウォ島<ref name = "Karafet2010" />
*バヌアツ 0% (0/52)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/44) マエウォ島<ref name = "Karafet2010" />
*[[フィジー]] 0% (0/107)<ref name = "Kayser2006">Manfred Kayser, Silke Brauer, Richard Cordaux, Amanda Casto, Oscar Lao, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Claire Moyse-Faurie, Robb B. Rutledge, Wulf Schiefenhoevel, David Gil, Alice A. Lin, Peter A. Underhill, Peter J. Oefner, Ronald J. Trent, and Mark Stoneking (2006), "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 23(11):2234–2244. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl093</ref>、0% (0/43) [[ビティレブ島]]<ref name = "Shipley2016">Gerhard P. Shipley, Diana A. Taylor, Antoine D. R. N'Yeurt, Anand Tyagi, Geetanjali Tiwari, and Alan J. Redd, "Genetic Evidence for Modifying Oceanic Boundaries Relative to Fiji." ''Human Biology'', Summer 2016, v. 88, no. 3, pp. 232–244. doi: 10.13110/humanbiology.88.3.0232.</ref>、0% (0/21) [[ロツマ]]<ref name = "Shipley2016" />、0% (0/16) ラウ諸島<ref name = "Shipley2016" />、0% (0/12) バヌアレブ島<ref name = "Shipley2016" />、0% (0/8) [[カンダブ島]]<ref name = "Shipley2016" />
*[[フィジー]] 0% (0/107)<ref name = "Kayser2006">Manfred Kayser, Silke Brauer, Richard Cordaux, Amanda Casto, Oscar Lao, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Claire Moyse-Faurie, Robb B. Rutledge, Wulf Schiefenhoevel, David Gil, Alice A. Lin, Peter A. Underhill, Peter J. Oefner, Ronald J. Trent, and Mark Stoneking (2006), "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 23(11):2234–2244. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msl093}}.</ref>、0% (0/43) [[ビティレブ島]]<ref name = "Shipley2016">Gerhard P. Shipley, Diana A. Taylor, Antoine D. R. N'Yeurt, Anand Tyagi, Geetanjali Tiwari, and Alan J. Redd, "Genetic Evidence for Modifying Oceanic Boundaries Relative to Fiji." ''Human Biology'', Summer 2016, v. 88, no. 3, pp. 232–244. {{doi|10.13110/humanbiology.88.3.0232}}.</ref>、0% (0/21) [[ロツマ]]<ref name = "Shipley2016" />、0% (0/16) ラウ諸島<ref name = "Shipley2016" />、0% (0/12) バヌアレブ島<ref name = "Shipley2016" />、0% (0/8) [[カンダブ島]]<ref name = "Shipley2016" />
*[[ソロモン諸島]] オーストロネシア語族且つ非[[中央太平洋諸語|ポリネシア系]]言語話者 0% (0/456)<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、[[パプア諸語|非オーストロネシア系]]言語話者 0% (0/106)<ref name = "Delfin2012" />
*[[ソロモン諸島]] オーストロネシア語族且つ非[[中央太平洋諸語|ポリネシア系]]言語話者 0% (0/456)<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、[[パプア諸語|非オーストロネシア系]]言語話者 0% (0/106)<ref name = "Delfin2012" />
*ミクロネシア 0% (0/11) [[マジュロ]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、5.9% (1/17)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*ミクロネシア 0% (0/11) [[マジュロ]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、5.9% (1/17)<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*ポリネシア 0% (0/100) [[ツバル]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/62) [[サモア]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/52) [[ティコピア族|ティコピア]]<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、0% (0/50) [[ウォリス・フツナ|東フツナ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/38) [[レンネル島]]<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、0% (0/32) [[オントンジャワ環礁]]<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、0% (0/29) [[トンガ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/28) ベローナ島<ref name = "Delfin2012">Frederick Delfin, Sean Myles, Ying Choi, David Hughes, Robert Illek, Mannis van Oven, Brigitte Pakendorf, Manfred Kayser, and Mark Stoneking (2012), "Bridging Near and Remote Oceania: mtDNA and NRY Variation in the Solomon Islands." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 29(2):545–564. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr186</ref>、0% (0/25) [[サモア|西サモア]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/24) [[タヒチ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/21) [[カピンガマランギ環礁]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/20) [[クック諸島]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/12) [[トンガ]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/12) [[サモア|西サモア]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/10) [[ニウエ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/10) [[イースター島|ラパヌイ]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/6) [[トケラウ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/6) [[アメリカ領サモア]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、1.3%以下 (≤1/77) クック諸島<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
*ポリネシア 0% (0/100) [[ツバル]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/62) [[サモア]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/52) [[ティコピア族|ティコピア]]<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、0% (0/50) [[ウォリス・フツナ|東フツナ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/38) [[レンネル島]]<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、0% (0/32) [[オントンジャワ環礁]]<ref name = "Delfin2012" />、0% (0/29) [[トンガ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/28) ベローナ島<ref name = "Delfin2012">Frederick Delfin, Sean Myles, Ying Choi, David Hughes, Robert Illek, Mannis van Oven, Brigitte Pakendorf, Manfred Kayser, and Mark Stoneking (2012), "Bridging Near and Remote Oceania: mtDNA and NRY Variation in the Solomon Islands." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 29(2):545–564. {{doi|10.1093/molbev/msr186}}.</ref>、0% (0/25) [[サモア|西サモア]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/24) [[タヒチ島]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/21) [[カピンガマランギ環礁]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/20) [[クック諸島]]<ref name = "Hurles2005" />、0% (0/12) [[トンガ]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/12) [[サモア|西サモア]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/10) [[ニウエ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/10) [[イースター島|ラパヌイ]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、0% (0/6) [[トケラウ]]<ref name = "Kayser2006" />、0% (0/6) [[アメリカ領サモア]]<ref name = "Karafet2010" />、1.3%以下 (≤1/77) クック諸島<ref name = "Kayser2006" />
*[[マダガスカル人]] 0% (0/35)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />
*[[マダガスカル人]] 0% (0/35)<ref name = "Hurles2005" />


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日本国内では[[ハプログループD1b|ハプログループD1a2a]] と並んで多くの地域で多数派を占める。
日本国内では[[ハプログループD1b|ハプログループD1a2a]] と並んで多くの地域で多数派を占める。


*[[沖縄]]　19.4%（[[沖縄県立開邦高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016">Shoji Totsuka, The Super Science High School Consortium, Youichi Sato, and Masashi Tanaka, "A study of the geographic distribution of Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Japanese population by Super Science High School Consortium (SSH)." ''Anthropological Science (Japanese Series)'' Vol. 124(2), 85–91, 2016.</ref>、22.2%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、23.0%<ref name="Nonaka2007">Nonaka I, Minaguchi K, Takezaki N (July 2007). "Y-chromosomal binary haplogroups in the Japanese population and their relationship to 16 Y-STR polymorphisms". ''Ann. Hum. Genet.'' 71 (Pt 4): 480–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. {{PMID|17274803}}.</ref>、26.5%（[[沖縄県立八重山高等学校]]及び[[沖縄県立八重山商工高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />、28.9%（[[沖縄県立宮古高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />
*[[沖縄]]　19.4%（[[沖縄県立開邦高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016">Shoji Totsuka, The Super Science High School Consortium, Youichi Sato, and Masashi Tanaka, "A study of the geographic distribution of Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Japanese population by Super Science High School Consortium (SSH)." ''Anthropological Science (Japanese Series)'' Vol. 124(2), 85–91, 2016.</ref>、22.2%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、23.0%<ref name="Nonaka2007">Nonaka I, Minaguchi K, Takezaki N (July 2007). "Y-chromosomal binary haplogroups in the Japanese population and their relationship to 16 Y-STR polymorphisms". ''Ann. Hum. Genet.'' 71 (Pt 4): 480–95. {{doi|10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x}}. {{PMID|17274803}}.</ref>、26.5%（[[沖縄県立八重山高等学校]]及び[[沖縄県立八重山商工高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />、28.9%（[[沖縄県立宮古高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />
*[[九州]]　27.1%（[[佐賀県立致遠館高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />、32.1%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、34.0%（[[長崎市]]）<ref name="Sato2014">{{cite journal | authors = Sato Y, Shinka T, Ewis AA, Yamauchi A, Iwamoto T, Nakahori Y | year = 2014| title = Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males | journal = Anthropological Science | volume = 122 | issue = 3| pages = 131–136 | doi = 10.1537/ase.140709 | doi-access=free}}</ref>、35.3%（[[福岡市]]）<ref name = "Sato2014" />
*[[九州]]　27.1%（[[佐賀県立致遠館高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />、32.1%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、34.0%（[[長崎市]]）<ref name="Sato2014">{{cite journal | authors = Sato Y, Shinka T, Ewis AA, Yamauchi A, Iwamoto T, Nakahori Y | year = 2014| title = Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males | journal = Anthropological Science | volume = 122 | issue = 3| pages = 131–136 | doi = 10.1537/ase.140709 | doi-access=free}}</ref>、35.3%（[[福岡市]]）<ref name = "Sato2014" />
*[[徳島]]　30.0%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、33.5%<ref name = "Sato2014" />
*[[徳島]]　30.0%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />、33.5%<ref name = "Sato2014" />
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*[[静岡]]　34.4%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*[[静岡]]　34.4%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*[[川崎市]] 34.3%<ref name = "Sato2014" />
*[[川崎市]] 34.3%<ref name = "Sato2014" />
*[[東京]] 31.6% ([[1000人ゲノムプロジェクト|JPT]])<ref name = "YFull" />、32.7%<ref name = "Naito2013">Sae Naitoh, Iku Kasahara-Nonaka, Kiyoshi Minaguchi, and Phrabhakaran Nambiar, "Assignment of Y-chromosomal SNPs found in Japanese population to Y-chromosomal haplogroup tree." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2013) 58, 195–201; doi:10.1038/jhg.2012.159; published online 7 February 2013.</ref>
*[[東京]] 31.6% ([[1000人ゲノムプロジェクト|JPT]])<ref name = "YFull" />、32.7%<ref name = "Naito2013">Sae Naitoh, Iku Kasahara-Nonaka, Kiyoshi Minaguchi, and Phrabhakaran Nambiar, "Assignment of Y-chromosomal SNPs found in Japanese population to Y-chromosomal haplogroup tree." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2013) 58, 195–201; {{doi|10.1038/jhg.2012.159}}; published online 7 February 2013.</ref>
*[[千葉県|千葉]] 31.8%<ref name = "Naito2013" />
*[[千葉県|千葉]] 31.8%<ref name = "Naito2013" />
*[[青森]]　30.4%（[[青森県立八戸北高等学校]]及び[[青森県立三本木高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />、30.8%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
*[[青森]]　30.4%（[[青森県立八戸北高等学校]]及び[[青森県立三本木高等学校]]）<ref name = "Totsuka2016" />、30.8%<ref name = "Hammer2006" />
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縄文時代終末から弥生時代にかけて広くみられる[[刻目突帯文土器]]に似た土器が[[沿海州]]南西部の[[シニ・ガイ文化]]にみられる<ref>[http://21coe.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=66　ロシア極東新石器時代研究の新展開]</ref> ことから、刻目突帯文土器およびこれを携えたハプログループO1b2に属す[[弥生人]]の起源を沿海州南西部に求める見方がある。
縄文時代終末から弥生時代にかけて広くみられる[[刻目突帯文土器]]に似た土器が[[沿海州]]南西部の[[シニ・ガイ文化]]にみられる<ref>[http://21coe.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=66　ロシア極東新石器時代研究の新展開]</ref> ことから、刻目突帯文土器およびこれを携えたハプログループO1b2に属す[[弥生人]]の起源を沿海州南西部に求める見方がある。


なお、[[青谷上寺地遺跡]]より出土した弥生時代の人骨でY-DNAが解析済みの１０個体のうち、２体がハプログループO1b2a1に属しており、そのうち１体は現代日本人に多くみられるO1b2a1a1に属していた。他の個体については、３体がハプログループDに、２体がハプログループC1a1に、１体がハプログループO（どの下位系統に属すかは未発表）に属し、２体がどのハプログループに属すか特定できなかったという結果が出ている。<ref name = "Kanzawa2021">神澤秀明、角田恒雄、安達 登、篠田謙一、「鳥取県鳥取市青谷上寺地遺跡出土弥生後期人骨の核ＤＮＡ分析」。国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告　第228集（2021年3月）。</ref><ref name = "Shinoda2020">篠田謙一、神澤秀明、角田恒雄、安達 登、「鳥取県鳥取市青谷上寺地遺跡出土弥生後期人骨のDNA分析」。国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告　第219集（2020年3月）</ref>
なお、[[青谷上寺地遺跡]]より出土した弥生時代の人骨でY-DNAが解析済みの１０個体のうち、２体がハプログループO1b2a1に属しており、そのうち１体は現代日本人に多くみられるO1b2a1a1に属していた。他の個体については、３体がハプログループDに、２体がハプログループC1a1に、１体がハプログループO（どの下位系統に属すかは未発表）に属し、２体がどのハプログループに属すか特定できなかったという結果が出ている<ref name="神澤ら 2021"><ref name = "Shinoda2020">{{cite journal|和書|author=篠田謙一, 神澤秀明, 角田恒雄, 安達登 |date=2020-03 |url=https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2531 |title=［調査研究活動報告］ 鳥取県鳥取市青谷上寺地遺跡出土弥生後期人骨のDNA分析 |journal=国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 |ISSN=0286-7400 |publisher=国立歴史民俗博物館 |volume=219 |pages=163-177 |CRID=1050850545619314944}}</ref>。


長崎県佐世保市に所在する下本山岩陰遺跡の箱式石棺から出土した下本山3号という弥生時代の男性人骨（放射性炭素の測定により、年代は2001–1931 cal BP [1σ]と推定されている）もハプログループO（TheYtreeによればO1b2a1a1-CTS713<ref name = "TheYtreeO-CTS713">[https://www.theytree.com/tree/O-CTS713 Phylogenetic tree of O-CTS713 at TheYtree] (2023年4月27日閲覧）</ref>）に属すという結果が発表されている<ref name = "Shinoda2019">篠田謙一，神澤秀明，角田恒雄，安達登, 「西北九州弥生人の遺伝的な特徴　-佐世保市下本山岩陰遺跡出土人骨の核ゲノム解析-」。''Anthropological Science'' (Japanese Series), Vol. 127(1), 25–43, 2019. DOI: 10.1537/asj.1904231</ref>。
長崎県佐世保市に所在する下本山岩陰遺跡の箱式石棺から出土した下本山3号という弥生時代の男性人骨（放射性炭素の測定により、年代は2001–1931 cal BP [1σ]と推定されている）もハプログループO（TheYtreeによればO1b2a1a1-CTS713<ref name = "TheYtreeO-CTS713">[https://www.theytree.com/tree/O-CTS713 Phylogenetic tree of O-CTS713 at TheYtree] (2023年4月27日閲覧）</ref>）に属すという結果が発表されている<ref name = "Shinoda2019">{{cite journal|和書|author=篠田謙一, 神澤秀明, 角田恒雄, 安達登 |year=2019 |url=https://doi.org/10.1537/asj.1904231 |title=西北九州弥生人の遺伝的な特徴 |journal=Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) |ISSN=13443992 |publisher=日本人類学会 |volume=127 |issue=1 |pages=25-43 |doi=10.1537/asj.1904231 |CRID=1390282763127747456}}</ref>。


上記２件の研究結果により、ハプログループO1b2が弥生時代には既に因幡国および肥前国の地域に、ハプログループC1a1とハプログループDに関しても既に因幡国の地域に存在していたことが証明された。<ref>{{Cite web|和書|url=https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=2670&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=41 |title=鳥取県鳥取市青谷上寺地遺跡出土弥生後期人骨の核DNA分析 |access-date=2023年4月19日 |publisher=国立歴史民俗博物館}}</ref>　現代日本人男性の７割以上がD、O1b2、C1a1のいずれかのハプログループに属しているので、弥生時代の西日本の住民と現代日本人との間には少なくともY染色体（即ち男系）に関しては大差が無いということがうかがえる。(ただし、現代日本人男性の約2割を占めるハプログループである[[ハプログループO2 (Y染色体)|ハプログループO2]]に属すと特定できたY-DNAは2023年現在、弥生時代の遺跡からは発見されていない。)
上記２件の研究結果により、ハプログループO1b2が弥生時代には既に因幡国および肥前国の地域に、ハプログループC1a1とハプログループDに関しても既に因幡国の地域に存在していたことが報告された<ref name="神澤ら 2021">{{cite journal|和書|author=神澤秀明, 角田恒雄, 安達登, 篠田謙一 |date=2021-03 |url=https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2670 |title=［調査研究活動報告］鳥取県鳥取市青谷上寺地遺跡出土弥生後期人骨の核DNA分析 |journal=国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 |ISSN=0286-7400 |publisher=国立歴史民俗博物館 |volume=228 |pages=295-307 |CRID=1050291768564237184 |access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref>。　現代日本人男性の７割以上がD、O1b2、C1a1のいずれかのハプログループに属しているので、弥生時代の西日本の住民と現代日本人との間には少なくともY染色体（即ち男系）に関しては大差が無いということがうかがえる。(ただし、現代日本人男性の約2割を占めるハプログループである[[ハプログループO2 (Y染色体)|ハプログループO2]]に属すと特定できたY-DNAは2023年現在、弥生時代の遺跡からは発見されていない。)


==脚注==
==脚注==

2024年1月18日 (木) 05:29時点における版

ハプログループ O1b2 (Y染色体)
発生時期 31,108（95% CI 22,844～34,893）年前[1]
推定発生地 朝鮮半島またはその近くにある北東アジアの一部地域[2]
現存下位系統の
分岐開始年代（下限値）		 28,240年前[3]
26,650 (99% CI 33,045 - 21,160) 年前[4]
25,800（95% CI 28,400 <-> 23,300）年前[5] （但し帰属人口の大半を占める下位系統のO-K10のTMRCAは約7,900 (95% CI 5,624～9,449)年前[1]）
親系統 O1b
定義づけられる変異 M176, SRY465, P49, 022454[6]
高頻度民族・地域 日本人(大和民族、琉球民族)、朝鮮民族

ハプログループO-M176 (Y染色体)（ハプログループO-M176 (Yせんしょくたい)、系統名称ハプログループO1b2とは、分子人類学で用いられる、人類のY染色体ハプログループの分類のうち、ハプログループO-M268のサブクレード（細分岐）の一つで、「M176」の子孫の系統である。2015年11月に ISOGG系統樹 が改訂されるまではハプログループO2bと呼ばれていた。

誕生

最も近縁のハプログループO1b1との分岐は約31,108（95% CI 22,844～34,893）年前[1]とされている。最も近い共通祖先は、25,800 (95% CI 28,400～23,300)年前[5]或いは26,650（99% CI 33,045 - 21,160）年前[4]或いは25,450年前[7]まで遡ると推定されている。

O-M175のサブクレードのひとつで、稲作文化を伝えた弥生人（倭人）と推定される[8]。

O-M176のサブクレードに属するY-DNAを合計すると、現在日本人の約32%を占める。[9][10][11][12]

O-K10

O1b2のサブクレードであるO-K10は、現代の日本人や朝鮮民族の男性に多い。

O-K10の最も近い共通祖先はKarmin氏等が2022年に発表した論文によると約7,900 (95% CI 9,449 <-> 5,624)年前に誕生したと考えられる[1]。また、民間の幾つかの遺伝子検査会社によれば、O-K10/O-F1204の最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約8,370年前[13]、約8,070年前[14]、約7,436（99% CI 9,395 <-> 5,782）年前[15]、約7,000（95% CI 8,000 <-> 6,000）年前[5]となっており、どれもやはりO-K10の最も近い共通祖先が今よりおおよそ七、八千年前に生きたと推定している。

現存するO-K10は三つの異なるサブクレード、O1b2a1a1-K7/O-47z、O1b2a1a2-K4、及びO1b2a1a3-CTS10687に大別される。O1b2a1a1にもO1b2a1a2にもO1b2a1a3にも属さない、所謂O1b2a1a*に分類されるY-DNAは、日本（川崎市のサンプルでは全てのO1b2の4.6%を占め比較的多いが、金沢市、大阪市、徳島市のサンプルでも同様のY-DNAが観察されている[16]）と韓国（大田133人のサンプル中1人[17]）のサンプルの中から稀に検出されている。

O-K7/O-47z

O-K7/O-47zの最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約6,311 [99% CI 8,149 <-> 4,786]年前[18]とされる。

O-K7/O-47zは日本で高頻度（約22.5%、18%大阪市成人男性[11]～28%九州[9]）、朝鮮民族で中頻度（約8.5%[19][20][9][21][22][2][23][24]、4%[9]～14%[21]）、中国で極低頻度（約0.19%[25]）で観察される。

O-K4

O-K4の最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約6,057 [99% CI 7,879 <-> 4,555]年前[26]とされる。

O-K4は朝鮮民族で高頻度（約19%[17]）、日本で中頻度（約6.5%、日本に於ける全てのO1b2の約20.5%[16]）、中国で低頻度（約0.44%[3]）で観察される。

O-CTS10687

O-CTS10687の最も近い共通祖先の推定年代は約5,524 [99% CI 8,477 <-> 3,381]年前[27]とされる。

O-CTS10687も日本人及び朝鮮民族に最も高い頻度で観察される系統だが、それでも3%以下で、中国に於いては極低頻度（約0.04%[28]）で観察される。

その他

O-K10に属さないO-M176は日本人（広島[5]、福島[5]、金沢市[16]、札幌市[16]、川崎市[16]、大阪市[16]、長崎市[16]、徳島市[16]等[4]、日本に於ける全てのO1b2の約3.6%[16]）、韓国人（ソウル及び大田に於ける男性人口の約1%即ち全てのO1b2の約3.1%[17]、大邱[5]、蔚山[14]及び慶尚南道[5]）、満洲族（吉林省舒蘭市[14]）、漢族（北京[5]、吉林省松原市寧江区[3]、河北省保定市満城区[3]、河南省周口市沈丘県[3]、江蘇省句容市[3]、安徽省黄山市黄山区[3]；中国男性の総人口の約0.03%、中国に於ける全てのO1b2の約4%[29][30]）から低頻度ながらも検出されている。

分布

ハプログループO-M176は日本人及び朝鮮民族の三割方の男性に見られる[31]。現代日本人に高頻度でアイヌ民族には見られない（16人のサンプル中0人[32]、4人のサンプル中0人[9]）ことから、弥生時代以降の倭人（弥生人）の遺伝子と推定されている[33]。東アジア北東部に水稲農耕をもたらした集団との考えがある。

満洲族では0%（遼寧省撫順市新賓満族自治県[34]、遼寧省錦州市黒山県及び北鎮市[35]）、3.10%[36]、3.3%[2]、3.8%（遼寧省）[37][9]、5.7%[21][38]、33.7%[39]と、結果が大きく異なる研究も発表されているけれども、概ね3%ほどの現代満州族男性に観察されている。満州族に見られるO1b2-P49の詳細については、

  • O-F1204 > O-K4 > O-L682 > O-K485 > O-CTS723（TMRCA約3110年前）　総人口の1.97%（58/2938）
  • O-F1204 > O-47Z > O-CTS713（TMRCA約3330年前）　総人口の0.71%（21/2938）
  • O-F1204 > O-CTS10687（TMRCA約4300年前）　総人口の0.14%（4/2938）
  • O-F1204 > O-47z(xCTS713）　総人口の0.07%（2/2938）、
  • O-P49(xF1204）　総人口の0.20%（6/2938）

を占め、現代の朝鮮民族に於ける比率とほとんど差が無く、現代の満州族男性の約１割が朝鮮系だとすれば簡単に説明がつく様相を呈している[36]。

モンゴルに関しては、中華人民共和国内に住む所謂蒙古族は23mofangの統計によれば約1.51%（23/1521）の蒙古族男性がハプログループO-F1204/O-K10に属している[40][41]。サブグループ毎の結果は以下の通りである。

  • 約0.72%（11/1521）が日本人に多いO-CTS713
  • 約0.46%（7/1521）が朝鮮民族に多いO-CTS723
  • 約0.33%（5/1521）が日本や韓国等で稀に見られるO-CTS10687

モンゴル国内を対象とした多くの研究論文ではハプログループO1b2に属す可能性のある男性が皆無である：

モンゴル国及び中国「蒙古族」のサンプルの中でハプログループO1b2に属す者が観察された例としては、以下のものがある。

  • Di Cristofaro氏等（2013年）による論文[49]　モンゴル国在住モンゴル人計1/160 = 0.6% O2b-M176
    • Mongol-NorthEast 1/20 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-SouthWest 0/2 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-Central 0/18 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-SouthEast 0/23 O2b-M176
    • Mongol-NorthWest 0/97 O2b-M176
  • Xuwei Hou等（2022年）による論文[50]
    • 遼寧省阜新市蒙古族 1/13 O1b2a1a1-K7/CTS11723）
  • 何光林等（2023年）による論文[51]（中国蒙古族5/175 = 2.86% O1b2a1a; 詳細は以下の通り）
    • 山東省蒙古族1/6 O1b2a1a1
    • 遼寧省阜新市蒙古族1/9 O1b2a1a1
    • 黒竜江省蒙古族1/10 O1b2a1a3a
    • 遼寧省朝陽市蒙古族1/12 O1b2a1a1
    • 内蒙古自治区赤峰市蒙古族1/22 O1b2a1a1

ハプログループO1b2に属すモンゴル民族の人が主にモンゴル民族居住地域の東部、特に南東部の者であるという事がうかがえる。例外として、加藤徹等による2005年の論文では、ハプログループO1b2が、ハルハ（モンゴル国の主流部族）及びホトン（イスラム教徒）のサンプルからは検出されなかったのに対し、ウリャンハイ及びザフチン（いずれもモンゴル国西部に住む部族）のサンプルからはある程度検出されたとしている。[39]

  • ハルハ　0/85 O2b-SRY465）
  • ホトン　0/40 O2b-SRY465）
  • ウリャンハイ　3/60 = 5.0% O2b-SRY465）
  • ザフチン　2/60 = 3.3% O2b-SRY465）

また、韓国のある研究チームによる一連の論文では針原伸二から提供されたという[20]「東モンゴルのブリヤート族」のサンプルを扱っており49人中1人[20]または50人中1人[52]にハプログループO1b2-M176(x47z)が観察されたとしている。

また、ロシア国内に居住するウデヘ[52]、そして中国国内に居住するダウール族、ナナイ、エヴェンキ、シベ族、漢族、回族、ウイグル、土家族、四川省カンゼ・チベット族自治州新龍県のチベット族（カムパ）などでも稀に観察された例がある。

系統樹

ハプログループO系統の分岐については2020年4月16日改訂のISOGGの系統樹（ver.15.58）による[53]。日本人における割合は佐藤ら(2014)[54]及び井上・佐藤(2023)[55]による。

  • O1b2 (P49, M176) - 最近共通祖先 26,638 (99% CI 33,033 <-> 21,148)年前[56]。主に日本人及び朝鮮民族に見られ、中国（朝鮮族のほかには、主に満州族、ナナイ、ダウール族、蒙古族、漢族、回族）でも低頻度（全国男性人口の約0.70%[57]）に見られる。
    • O1b2a (F1942/Page92) - 最近共通祖先 11,500 (99% CI 14,378 <-> 9,047)年前[58]
      • O1b2a1 (CTS9259) - 最近共通祖先 10,492 (99% CI 13,140 <-> 8,238)年前[59]
        • O1b2a1a (F1204，F3356，K10) - 最近共通祖先 7,436 (99% CI 9,395 <-> 5,782)年前[60]
          • O1b2a1a1 (47z, K7) - 最近共通祖先 6,303（99% CI 8,140 <-> 4,780）年前[61]。主に日本人(22.0%)及び韓国人(約8.5%)に見られ、中国（全国男性人口の約0.19%[25]、満洲族約0.78%[62]、蒙古族約0.72%[40]、回族約0.12%[63]）等でも稀に見られる。
            • O-BY45877/Y174038 - 日本[4]、韓国[3][5]、中国[3][5]
            • O-K2/CTS713 - 最近共通祖先 3,394（99% CI 4,490 <-> 2,503）年前[64]。日本[5]、韓国[5]、中国（約0.12%[65]）
              • O1b2a1a1a(K14,CTS1875) - 日本[5](7.6%)、韓国[5]、中国（山西省[5]、遼寧省大連市漢族[66]等、約0.02%[3]）
              • O1b2a1a1b(Z24598,Z24599) - 日本[5](5.3%)、韓国（釜山[5]）、中国（河北省[5][3]）
              • O1b2a1a1c(CTS203) - 日本[5](2.3%)、中国（約0.03%[67]）
          • O1b2a1a2 (F2868，F3110，K4) - 最近共通祖先 6,060（99% CI 7,882 <-> 4,558）年前[68]
            • O1b2a1a2a (L682) - 最近共通祖先 3,678（99% CI 4,930 <-> 2,670）年前[69]。主に朝鮮民族(約19.0%)に見られ、日本人(約6.5%)、満州族（約1.97%[62]）、ナナイ族[5]、ダウール族（愛輝区[3]）、蒙古族（約0.46%[40]）、ウイグル族（約0.30%[70]）、漢族（吉林省[3]、遼寧省[3]、河北省[3]、北京市[5][3]、天津市[14]、山西省[3]、山東省[3]、陝西省[3]、安徽省[3]等）、回族（約0.24%[63]）などにも見られる。
              • O1b2a1a2a* - 日本（群馬[5]、東京[5]）、中国（山西省陽泉市及び太原市[3]）
              • O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723) - 最近共通祖先 2,911（99% CI 3,964 <-> 2,074）年前[71]。韓国[5]、日本(6.5%)[5]、中国[4]（男性人口の約0.31%[72]）
                • O1b2a1a2a1a (CTS7620) - 韓国、日本(2.7%)、中国
                  • O-CTS4595/O-Y26377 - 日本[5][4]、韓国[14]、中国（ナナイ族[5]等[3]）
                  • O-MF14346 - 韓国[3][5]、朝鮮[3]、中国東北部（吉林省、黒竜江省[3]）
                • O1b2a1a2a1b (A12446)
            • O1b2a1a2b (F940) - 最近共通祖先 2700年前。現代中国(約0.12%)[73]。漢民族（湖南省[5]、江西省[5]、河南省[74]等）に稀に見られる。
              • O-MF56823 - 最近共通祖先 約1540年前。現代中国(約0.01%)。特に山西省（約0.05%）、陝西省（約0.05%）、内蒙古自治区（約0.05%）、河南省（約0.05%）、北京市（約0.04%）、吉林省（約0.04%）、黒竜江省（約0.03%）、河北省（約0.03%）で比較的多めに見られる。中国全国で最も多い姓でもある王姓を名乗る者が特に多い。[75][3]
              • O-MF61543 - 最近共通祖先 約1630年前。現代中国(約0.10%)。特に湖南省（約0.65%）、重慶市（約0.33%）、江西省（約0.29%）、広西壮族自治区（約0.27%）、湖北省（約0.20%）、四川省（約0.15%）、貴州省（約0.12%）に於いて平均値以上の割合を占める。周姓を名乗る者が多く、湖南省の中でも特に湘潭市（全男性人口の約2.05%)、益陽市（約1.67%）、長沙市（約1.29%）等湖南省北東部に集中して分布している。[76]
          • O1b2a1a3 (CTS10687) - 最近共通祖先 5,524（99% CI 8,477 <-> 3,381）年前[77]。韓国[4][14]（3/133 = 2.26% 大田、10/573 = 1.75% ソウル[17][78]）、日本(1.6%)[5][4][14]、中国（約0.04%[28]）で稀に見られる
            • O1b2a1a3a (CTS1215) - 韓国[4]、日本[4]、モンゴル[4]、中国[3]
        • O1b2a1b (CTS562) - 最近共通祖先 5,477（99% CI 8,346 <-> 3,383）年前[79]。主に韓国（3/573 = 0.52% ソウル[17][80]）で見られ、日本(0.05%)と中国（約0.02%[81]）でも稀に見られる。[82][5][83]
      • O1b2a2 (Page90)

頻度

国内の頻度

日本国内ではハプログループD1a2a と並んで多くの地域で多数派を占める。

稲作・遺跡・土器との関連

崎谷満は稲の品種を根拠にしてO-M176に属す集団は2800年前に中国江南から山東半島、日本列島、朝鮮半島へ水稲栽培をもたらしたと主張しているが中国江南にはO-M176が殆ど発見されていない研究結果から信憑性は低いとされている[33]。O-M176は現代では日本及び韓国・朝鮮に高頻度であり、それら以外の地域に起源をもつと結論付けられる様な証拠が現時点では未だに無い。

縄文時代終末から弥生時代にかけて広くみられる刻目突帯文土器に似た土器が沿海州南西部のシニ・ガイ文化にみられる[150] ことから、刻目突帯文土器およびこれを携えたハプログループO1b2に属す弥生人の起源を沿海州南西部に求める見方がある。

なお、青谷上寺地遺跡より出土した弥生時代の人骨でY-DNAが解析済みの１０個体のうち、２体がハプログループO1b2a1に属しており、そのうち１体は現代日本人に多くみられるO1b2a1a1に属していた。他の個体については、３体がハプログループDに、２体がハプログループC1a1に、１体がハプログループO（どの下位系統に属すかは未発表）に属し、２体がどのハプログループに属すか特定できなかったという結果が出ている引用エラー: <ref> タグに対応する </ref> タグが不足しています。

長崎県佐世保市に所在する下本山岩陰遺跡の箱式石棺から出土した下本山3号という弥生時代の男性人骨（放射性炭素の測定により、年代は2001–1931 cal BP [1σ]と推定されている）もハプログループO（TheYtreeによればO1b2a1a1-CTS713[151]）に属すという結果が発表されている[152]。

上記２件の研究結果により、ハプログループO1b2が弥生時代には既に因幡国および肥前国の地域に、ハプログループC1a1とハプログループDに関しても既に因幡国の地域に存在していたことが報告された[153]。　現代日本人男性の７割以上がD、O1b2、C1a1のいずれかのハプログループに属しているので、弥生時代の西日本の住民と現代日本人との間には少なくともY染色体（即ち男系）に関しては大差が無いということがうかがえる。(ただし、現代日本人男性の約2割を占めるハプログループであるハプログループO2に属すと特定できたY-DNAは2023年現在、弥生時代の遺跡からは発見されていない。)

脚注

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  94. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Jeffrey T. Lell, Rem I. Sukernik, Yelena B. Starikovskaya, Bing Su, Li Jin, Theodore G. Schurr, Peter A. Underhill, and Douglas C. Wallace (2002), "The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70:192–206.
  95. ^ E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, O. A. Balaganskaya, A. T. Agdzhoyan, A. A. Bogunova, R. A. Skhalyakho, I. E. Alborova, M. K. Zhabagin, S. M. Koshel, D. M. Daragan, E. B. Borisova, A. A. Galakhova, O. V. Maltceva, Kh. Kh. Mustafin, N. K. Yankovsky, and O. P. Balanovsky, "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." Russian Journal of Genetics, 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253. ISSN 1022-7954, doi:10.1134/S1022795418100046.
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  97. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Olga V. Savina, Brian Hallmark, and Michael F. Hammer, "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations." Am J Hum Biol. 2018;e23194. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23194.
  98. ^ a b c d e f g Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, Mait Metspalu, Siiri Rootsi, Kristiina Tambets, Natalya Trofimova, Sergey I Zhadanov, Baharak Hooshiar Kashani, Anna Olivieri, Mikhail I Voevoda, Ludmila P Osipova, Fedor A Platonov, Mikhail I Tomsky, Elza K Khusnutdinova, Antonio Torroni, and Richard Villems, "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:127. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127
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  108. ^ O1b（旧O2）までしか特定されていない。論文中の系統名称は2012年時点のものであることに注意。
  109. ^ 田島等の2004年の論文"Genetic Origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages"にある、NO(O1a,O2を除く)＝28.6％による。
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  120. ^ a b Caiyong Yin, Yijie Ren, Atif Adnan, Junzhe Tian, Kejian Guo, Mingying Xia, Ziwei He, Dian Zhai, Xueyun Chen, Lei Wang, Xin Li, Xingjun Qin, Shilin Li, and Li Jin (2020), "Developmental validation of Y-SNP pedigree tagging system: A panel via quick ARMS PCR." Forensic Science International: Genetics, Volume 46, 102271, ISSN 1872-4973, doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102271.
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  129. ^ https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/17723e6509d
  130. ^ a b c 23mofangによる中国イ族集団の父系ハプログループ及び民族血統構成についての簡単な紹介
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  136. ^ Chen Jing, He Guanglin, Ren Zheng, Wang Qiyan, Liu Yubo, Zhang Hongling, Yang Meiqing, Zhang Han, Ji Jingyan, Zhao Jing, Guo Jianxin, Chen Jinwen, Zhu Kongyang, Yang Xiaomin, Wang Rui, Ma Hao, Tao Le, Liu Yilan, Shen Qu, Yang Wenjiao, Wang Chuan-Chao, and Huang Jiang (2022), "Fine-Scale Population Admixture Landscape of Tai–Kadai-Speaking Maonan in Southwest China Inferred From Genome-Wide SNP Data." Frontiers in Genetics Volume 13. doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.815285.
  137. ^ https://www.23mofang.com/gene-club/detail/176d65ee234
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  150. ^ ロシア極東新石器時代研究の新展開
  151. ^ Phylogenetic tree of O-CTS713 at TheYtree (2023年4月27日閲覧）
  152. ^ 篠田謙一, 神澤秀明, 角田恒雄, 安達登「西北九州弥生人の遺伝的な特徴」『Anthropological Science (Japanese Series)』第127巻第1号、日本人類学会、2019年、25-43頁、CRID 1390282763127747456、doi:10.1537/asj.1904231、ISSN 13443992。 
  153. ^ 神澤秀明, 角田恒雄, 安達登, 篠田謙一「［調査研究活動報告］鳥取県鳥取市青谷上寺地遺跡出土弥生後期人骨の核DNA分析」『国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告』第228巻、国立歴史民俗博物館、2021年3月、295-307頁、CRID 1050291768564237184、ISSN 0286-7400、2024年1月18日閲覧。 
ヒトのY染色体ハプログループの系統樹
Y染色体アダム (Y-MRCA)
A0 A1
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J K1 K2
L T MS NO P K2*
N O Q R


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