「○○の父一覧」の版間の差分

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
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タグ: サイズの大幅な増減
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また、名前を五十音順に並べる際は、東洋人名はフルネームを、西洋人名などは一番下の名前を元に並べ替えるようにしている。
また、名前を五十音順に並べる際は、東洋人名はフルネームを、西洋人名などは一番下の名前を元に並べ替えるようにしている。
== 分野別 ==
===Fine art===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Subject
! Father/mother
! Reason
|-
| '''Cowboy sculpture'''
| [[Frederic Remington]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eliteequestrian.us/first-rodeo-cowboy-in-canadas-sports-hall-of-fame/|title=First Rodeo Cowboy in Canada's Sports Hall of Fame|website=Eliteequestrian.us|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
| Created first bronze cowboy sculpture in 1895
|-
| '''Japanese [[Manga]] (comics) and [[Anime]] (animation)'''
| [[Osamu Tezuka]]
| Creator of [[Manga]] (Japanese comics) and [[Anime]] (Japanese Animation)
|}


== あ行 ==
===Games===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Subject
! Father/mother
! Reason
|-
| '''[[Video game graphics#3D|3D gaming]]'''
| [[Yu Suzuki]] <br> [[John Carmack]]
| Creator of ''[[Hang-On]]'', ''[[Virtua Racing]]'', ''[[Virtua Fighter]]'' and ''[[Shenmue]]'' <br> Creator of ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'' and ''[[Doom (series)|Doom]]''
|-
| '''[[Collectible Card Game]]'''
| [[Richard Garfield]]
| Creator of [[Magic:The Gathering]]
|-
| '''[[Miniature wargaming]]'''
| [[H. G. Wells]]<ref>[http://theminiaturespage.com/ref/minigide.html The Miniatures Page]. ''The World of Miniatures - An Overview''.</ref>
| Publication of ''[[Little Wars]]''
|-
| '''[[Video game|Modern video game]]'''
| [[Shigeru Miyamoto]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS218035+15-Jan-2009+PRN20090115 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910043838/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS218035+15-Jan-2009+PRN20090115 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-09-10 | work=Reuters | title=Nintendo's Shigeru Miyamoto, 'The Father of Modern Video Games,' Receives The Jim | date=2009-01-15 }}</ref>
| Creator of ''[[Mario (franchise)|Mario]]'', ''[[Donkey Kong]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'', ''[[Star Fox (series)|Star Fox]]'', ''[[F-Zero]]'', ''[[Pikmin (series)|Pikmin]]'', and ''[[Wii (video game series)|Wii]]''
|-
| '''[[Role-playing game]]'''
| [[Gary Gygax]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Rausch |first=Allen |date=August 15, 2004 |title=Gary Gygax Interview - Part I |work=[[GameSpy]] |url=http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/538/538817p1.html |accessdate=2005-01-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917213140/http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/538/538817p1.html |archivedate=2008-09-17 }}</ref>
| Creator of ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]''
|-
| '''[[Stealth game]]'''
| [[Hideo Kojima]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hideo Kojima 'GDC 2009 Keynote' video Part 2 of 4|website=[[1UP.com]]|date=March 26, 2009|url=http://gamevideos.1up.com/video/id/24175|accessdate=2010-04-01|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712012022/http://gamevideos.1up.com/video/id/24175|archivedate=July 12, 2012}}</ref>
| Creator of the ''[[Metal Gear]]'' stealth-action games
|-
| '''[[Video game]]'''
| [[Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr.]]
| Inventor of the [[first video game]]{{dubious|reason= defining the ''first'' video game|date=June 2017}}
|-
| '''[[Video game industry]]'''
| [[Ralph H. Baer]]
| Creator of the ''[[Magnavox Odyssey]]''; inventor of the first [[home video game console]]
|-
| '''[[Wargaming]]'''
| [[Charles S. Roberts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alanemrich.com/CSR_pages/CSRfoundingfather.htm|title=Alanemrich.com|website=Alanemrich.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607125435/http://www.alanemrich.com/CSR_pages/CSRfoundingfather.htm|archivedate=2007-06-07}}</ref>
| Designer of [[Tactics (game)|tactics]]
|}

===Humanities===
{{Main|List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field}}

===Military===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Subject
! Father/mother
! Reason
|-
|'''[[Aerial warfare]]'''
|[[Oswald Boelcke]]
|The first to formalize rules of air fighting, which he presented as the [[Dicta Boelcke]], also credited as being the first pilot to shoot down an aircraft
|-
| '''[[Atomic bomb]]'''
| [[Enrico Fermi]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Lichello |first=R. |year=1971 |title=Enrico Fermi: Father of the Atomic Bomb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xh8eKgAACAAJ&dq=Lichello |publisher=SamHar Press |isbn=978-0-87157-011-6}}</ref><br>[[Robert Oppenheimer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history1900s.about.com/cs/robertoppenheimer/p/oppenheimer.htm|title=J Robert Oppenheimer Biography of Manhattan Project Director|author=Jennifer Rosenberg|work=About.com Education|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref><br>[[Leó Szilárd]]<ref>Bernstein, Barton J: "Introduction" to ''The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories'' (expanded edition), by Leo Szilard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, p. 5: "Its author, Leo Szilard, now dead nearly three decades, was a Hungarian émigré scientist and one of many putative fathers of the A-bomb."</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Blitzkrieg]]'''
| [[Heinz Guderian]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Heinz Guderian|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/heinz_guderian.htm|accessdate=2009-05-26|author=Chris Trueman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=General Heinz Guderian: The Father of Blitzkrieg |url=http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/st/~cshimp/guderian.htm |author=Chris Shimp |date=March 1, 2001 |accessdate=2009-05-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012074616/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/st/~cshimp/guderian.htm |archivedate=October 12, 2008 }}</ref>
|
|-
|'''The West's [[Thermonuclear weapon|Hydrogen bomb]]'''
|[[Edward Teller]]<ref>"'Father of H-Bomb' Agrees to Rally Scientific Talent." ''The New York Times,'' December 31, 1965, p. 19. Story opens: "Albany, December 30&mdash;Governor Rockefeller will make an intensified attack on air pollution with the help of Dr. Edward Teller, the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.'"</ref>
|
|-
|'''Atomic [[submarine]] and "[[nuclear navy]]"'''
|[[Hyman G. Rickover]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Jeffries | first=John | authorlink= | year=2001 | title=Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr | publisher=Fordham Univ Press |page=162 |isbn=978-0-8232-2110-3 |quote='Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'}}</ref><ref>"Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," ''The New York Times'', December 6, 1957, p. 33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..."</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Galantin | first=I. J. | authorlink= | year=1997 | title=Submarine Admiral: From Battlewagons to Ballistic Missiles | publisher=University of Illinois Press | location= | isbn=978-0-252-06675-7}}, p. 217: "[[Chet Holifield]]... member of the JCAE... said 'Of all the men I dealt with in public service, at least one will go down in history: Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the father of the nuclear Navy.'"</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Fourth Generation Warfare]]'''
|[[William S. Lind]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
|
|-
|'''[[French navy|French sailing navy]]'''
|[[Jean-Baptiste Colbert]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Warner | first=Oliver | year=1973 | title=Great Battle Fleets | publisher=[[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]] | page=[https://archive.org/details/greatbattlefleet00warn/page/98 98] | isbn=978-0-600-33913-7 | quote={{ISBN|978-0-600-33913-7}} | url=https://archive.org/details/greatbattlefleet00warn/page/98 }}</ref>
|Built on the fleet of France inherited from [[Cardinal Richelieu]]
|-
|'''Naval special warfare'''
|[[Phil H. Bucklew]]<ref name="Lanning">{{cite book | last = Lanning| first =Col. Michael Lee| authorlink = | title = Blood Warriors: American Military Elites | publisher = Ballantine| date = October 29, 2002| pages = 368 |location= New York|isbn =978-0-345-44891-0 }}</ref>
|US Naval Officer and First Commanding Officer of Navy SEAL Team One
|-
|'''Naval tactical studies'''
|Paul Hoste<ref>{{cite book | last=Warner | first=Oliver | year=1973 | title=Great Battle Fleets | publisher=[[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]] | page=[https://archive.org/details/greatbattlefleet00warn/page/96 96] | isbn=978-0-600-33913-7 | quote={{ISBN|978-0-600-33913-7}} | url=https://archive.org/details/greatbattlefleet00warn/page/96 }}</ref>
|[[Jesuit]] [[Professor of Mathematics]] at the Royal College of the Marine in [[Toulon]]; wrote ''L'Art des Armées Navales'' (1697)
|-
|'''[[Luftwaffe]]''' and '''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'''
|[[Oswald Boelcke]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWboelcke.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-02-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821190529/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWboelcke.htm |archivedate=2009-08-21 }}</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Royal Air Force]]'''
|[[Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/hugh-trenchard|title=Westminster Abbey » Hugh Trenchard|website=Westminster-abbey.org|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
|'''The Soviet Union's [[Hydrogen Bomb]]'''
|[[Andrei Sakharov]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aip.org/history/sakharov/
|title=Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons, and Human Rights
|accessdate=2007-03-03 |work=Center for the History of Physics
|publisher=American Institute of Physics }}</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Paratroopers#History#United States|United States Airborne]]'''
|[[William C. Lee]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screamingeagle.org/WilliamLeeChapter/williamclee.htm |title=General William C. Lee: Father of the Airborne |accessdate=2008-07-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612100930/http://www.screamingeagle.org/WilliamLeeChapter/williamclee.htm |archivedate=2008-06-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|First commander of the parachute school at [[Fort Benning, Georgia]]
|-
|'''[[United States Cavalry]]'''
|[[Kazimierz Pułaski]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y8GNIp42ysC |title=From Da to Yes: understanding the East Europeans |author=Yale Richmond |page=72 |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-877864-30-8 |quote={{ISBN|978-1-877864-30-8}}}}</ref>
|Brigadier-general and commander of the cavalry of the [[Continental Army]] (1770s)
|-
|'''United States Cavalry - Army of the West'''
|[[Stephen W. Kearney]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cowboysindians.com/2014/07/bents-old-fort/|title=Bent's Old Fort - Cowboys and Indians Magazine|date=21 July 2014}}</ref>
|Brigadier-general and commander of the Army of the West 1846
|-
| '''[[United States Navy]]'''
| [[John Adams]]<ref>{{cite episode|title=George Washington to James Monroe: 1789-1825|last=Hermann|first=Edward|series=The Presidents: The Lives and Legacies of the 43 Leaders of the United States|serieslink=The Presidents (DVD)|year=2005|network=History}}</ref><br>[[John Barry (naval officer)|Commodore John Barry]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/people/commodorebarry.htm |title=Commodore Barry |accessdate=2007-06-16 |author=John Barry Kelly |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805232138/http://www.ushistory.org/people/commodorebarry.htm |archivedate=2013-08-05 }}</ref><br>[[John Paul Jones|Captain John Paul Jones]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/RevAmerica/4-Where/JPJ.html|title=Revolutionary America! Where Did We Go From There? The Continental Navy--John Paul Jones|website=Hoover.archives.gov|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229021115/http://hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/RevAmerica/4-Where/JPJ.html|archive-date=29 December 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|
|}

===Nations===
{{Main|Father of the Nation|Mother of the Nation|List of national founders}}

===Natural and social sciences===
{{Main|List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field}}

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width="225px"| Subject
!width="250px"| Father/mother
! Reason
|-
| '''[[Radio-controlled car|1:8 radio-controlled off-road buggy]]'''
| [[Yuichi Kanai]] (godfather)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.neobuggy.net/2012/12/10/worlds-12-feature-whos-here/|title=Worlds '12 Feature: Who's Here|last=|first=|date=|website=NeoBuggy.net|access-date=2016-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.neobuggy.net/2014/08/13/behind-the-scenes-with-kyoshos-yuichi-kanai/|title=Behind the Scenes with Kyosho's Yuichi Kanai|website=NeoBuggy.net|access-date=2016-10-12|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013005259/https://www.neobuggy.net/2014/08/13/behind-the-scenes-with-kyoshos-yuichi-kanai/|archivedate=2016-10-13}}</ref>
| [[Kyosho]]'s lead designer and lifelong employee; best known for the [[Kyosho Inferno|''Inferno'' series]] of cars, credited for redefining the class from being unreliable and fragile to being tough and user friendlier that helped his employer to lead the 1/8 buggy renaissance from the 1990s, becoming one of the most dominant cars of all time.
|-
|'''[[American football]]'''
|[[Walter Camp]]<ref>{{College Football HoF|id=2080|name=Walter Camp }}</ref>
|
|-
|'''American [[motocross]]'''
|[[Edison Dye]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motorcyclemuseum.org/halloffame/hofbiopage.asp?id=163 |title=Motorcycle Hall of Fame: Edison Dye |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050706074647/http://www.motorcyclemuseum.org/halloffame/hofbiopage.asp?id=163 |archivedate=2005-07-06 |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|Introduced motorcross to American riders
|-
|'''American [[road racing]]'''
|[[Cameron Argetsinger]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wheels.ca/newsFeatures/article/485678 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109231918/http://www.wheels.ca/newsFeatures/article/485678 |archivedate=2009-01-09 }}</ref>
|Introduced the first US auto race that was dedicated to road courses at [[6 Hours of Watkins Glen|Watkins Glen]]
|-
|'''American sports car'''
|Fred Tone<ref>https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/21929/lot/341/</ref>
|Fred Tone was the engineer who designed the first sports car known as the American Underslung
|-
|'''[[History of soccer in the United States|American soccer]]'''
|[[Steve Ross (Time Warner CEO)|Steve Ross]] (godfather)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/eticket/story?page=cosmos |title=ESPN.com - E-Ticket: When Soccer Ruled The USA |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|created the [[New York Cosmos (1971–1985)|New York Cosmos]] soccer team and imported a number of well known international footballers to the team in an attempt to bring interest to soccer in the US
|-
|'''[[Angling]]'''
|[[Izaak Walton]]<ref name="New International">{{cite book |title=New International Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Dodd, Mead and Company]] |year=1914 |location=New York City |pages=Fathers|title-link=New International Encyclopedia }}</ref>
|Author of ''The Compleat Angler''
|-
|'''[[Football in Argentina|Argentine football]]'''
|[[Alexander Watson Hutton]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iffhs.de/?29dad5a85ad4a91b972b9815e85fdcdc3bfcdc0aec28d6eda0a70c |title=32 |publisher=International Federation of Football History & Statistics |accessdate=2013-08-21 |quote=Arnoldo Pencliffe Watson Hutton (20.8.1886-29.7.1951), popularly known as "El Fantástico", was the son of Scotsman Alexander (Alejandro) Watson Hutton, who was a football pioneer and is considered the father of Argentine football.}}</ref>
|
|-
|'''Argentine professional [[golf]]'''
|[[José Jurado]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.algodonwineestates.com/en_US/tourism/golf/proshop/_view/lang=en_US |title=Pro Shop & Clubhouse |work=Algodon Wine Estates |publisher=InvestProperty Group, LLC |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-08-21 |quote=Only at our pro shop can you find unique AWE merchandise, as well as memorabilia of the legends who inspire us; José Jurado, "The Father of Argentine Professional Golf", and José Luis Clerc ("Batata"), one of the most important Argentine tennis players in history. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824020735/http://www.algodonwineestates.com/en_US/tourism/golf/proshop/_view/lang%3Den_US |archivedate=2013-08-24 }}</ref>
|
|-
|'''Argentine [[winter sport]]s'''
|[[Otto Meiling]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Nazis' Argentine village hide-out pulls in tourists |first=Seamus |last=Mirodan |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/1454352/Nazis-Argentine-village-hide-out-pulls-in-tourists.html |newspaper=The Sunday Telegraph |date=February 14, 2004 |accessdate=2013-08-21 |quote=Across the road from Priebke's delicatessen is the Club Andino Bariloche, a mountaineering association set up in 1931 by Otto Meiling, the father of Argentine winter sports and a former member of the Hitler Youth. |location=London}}</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Association football]]'''
|[[Ebenezer Cobb Morley]]<ref name="sportsbooksocc">{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbooks.net/soccer/history.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-06-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521074341/http://www.sportsbooks.net/soccer/history.html |archivedate=2009-05-21 }}</ref>
|
|-
|rowspan=2|'''[[Australian rules football]]'''
| [[Tom Wills]]
|
|-
| [[H. C. A. Harrison]]
|
|-
| '''[[Baseball]]'''
| [[Henry Chadwick (writer)|Henry Chadwick]]<ref>"Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,{{cite web|url=http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers%5Fand%5Fhonorees/hofer%5Fbios/chadwick%5Fhenry.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-04-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421220423/http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/hofer_bios/Chadwick_Henry.htm |archivedate=2006-04-21 }}. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book."</ref><ref>{{gutenberg|no=9477|name=''Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1889'', ed. Henry Chadwick}}: "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life."</ref><ref>''"Matty" at Harvard''; ''The New York Times,'' February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."</ref><ref>Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," ''The New York Times,'' April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Taekwondo in India]]'''
|[[Puran Andrew Gurung]]<ref name="Official Taekwondo Halls of Fame, USA">{{cite web|url=http://www.lacancha.com/jimmy2.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-06-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521074341/http://www.sportsbooks.net/soccer/history.html |archivedate=2009-05-21 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Basketball]]'''
| [[James Naismith]]
| [[History of basketball|Created basketball]]
|-
| '''[[African American|Black]] basketball'''
| [[Edwin Henderson]]
| Introduced the sport to the black community of [[Washington, D.C.]] in the first decade of the 20th century, and organized many early competitions for African Americans<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/eb-henderson |accessdate=September 9, 2013 |title=Edwin Bancroft Henderson |work=Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame |publisher=CBS Interactive |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113205217/http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/eb-henderson |archivedate=January 13, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Bicycle motocross|BMX]]'''
|[[Scot Breithaupt]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citracycling.multiply.com/journal/item/27|title=Scot Breithaupt, Founding Father of BMX|last=BMXUltra.com|date=6 August 2007|website=Citra Cycling Club|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131655/http://citracycling.multiply.com/journal/item/27|archivedate=14 July 2011|url-status=dead|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''Brahma bull riding'''
|[[Earl W. Bascom]]<ref>https://issuu.com/oghmacreative/docs/saddlebag_winter_18_digital_final</ref>
|-
|'''[[Football in Brazil|Brazilian football]]'''
|[[Charles William Miller]]<ref name="Different">{{cite book |last= Hamilton |first= Aidan | title= An Entirely Different Game, The British Influence on Brazilian Football |year= 1998 |publisher= Mainstream Publishing |isbn=978-1-84018-041-1}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[IMSA GT Championship|Camel Lights]]'''
| [[Jim Downing]]
| Built a racecar a season before it became the basis of a new lightweight prototype class in {{IMSA|1985}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Mazda Motorsports: 20 Victorious Years in America |last=Goudinoff |first=Connie |authorlink= |year=1992 |publisher=Motorbooks International |location= |isbn=978-0-87938-582-8 |page=96 |url= |accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Rodeo|Canadian rodeo]]'''
| [[Raymond Knight (rodeo organizer)|O. Raymond Knight]]<ref>Hicken, J.O. Ed. "Raymond Roundup 1902&ndash;1967". Lethbridge, Alberta Canada: The Lethbridge Herald Company, Ltd., 1967. pp. 243, 519.</ref>
|Coined the rodeo term "stampede" and was world's first rodeo producer, rodeo [[stock contractor]], and rodeo champion in 1902
|-
| '''[[Chess|Modern chess]]'''
| [[Wilhelm Steinitz]]
| First official world chess champion
|-
| rowspan="3"|'''[[Drag racing]]'''
| [[Wally Parks]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mshf.com/hof/parks_wally.htm|title=Parks, Wally - Drag Racing - 1993|website=Mshf.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
| Founder of the [[National Hot Rod Association|NHRA]] and organized the first legitimate drag race
|-
| [[Don Garlits]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091003/A_SPORTS/910030344#STS=g0jw5l2c.1e6j |title=Drag racing legend back at Kingdon |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
| Innovator of drag racing safety
|-
| [[Eddie Hill]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motorsport.com/nhra/news/denver-eddie-hill-sunday-report/ |title=Denver Eddie Hill Sunday Report |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
| Regarded as the "Four Father" of drag racing for being the first to break the 5-second barrier. AKA "First in the Fours."
|-
|'''[[Drifting (motorsport)|Drifting]]'''
|[[Kunimitsu Takahashi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/the-history-of-drifting-ar111147.html |title=The History of Drifting |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|Introduced an aggressive high speed cornering technique that became widely used for [[street racing|illicit purposes]], which eventually became a sport
|-
| '''East Coast [[skateboarding]]'''
| Vinny Raffa (godfather)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boarding.com/skate/video/totalvid/2/7.html|title=Skateboarding Video and Skateboarding Movies - Skate DVD and Skateboard Video Downloads|website=Boarding.com|accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''Florida [[skateboarding]]'''
| Bruce Walker (godfather)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skaterlegends.com/skaters/bruce_walker.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-07-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012536/http://www.skaterlegends.com/skaters/bruce_walker.htm |archivedate=2009-09-25 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Association football|Modern football]]'''
| [[Ebenezer Cobb Morley]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hull.co.uk/websitefiles/Did%20You%20Know.pdf|title=Welcome - Bondholders - Marketing The Humber|website=Hull.co.uk|accessdate=12 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231317/http://www.hull.co.uk/websitefiles/did%20you%20know.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Freestyle BMX]]'''
| [[Bob Haro]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinkbike.com/news/article1273.html|title=Haro signs Cody Warren and Kyle Strait|work=Pinkbike|accessdate=10 January 2016|date=2003-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.23mag.com/com/haro/haro.htm|title=* HARO BMX COMPANY @ 23MAG BMX|website=23mag.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Freestyle Motocross]]'''
| [[Mike Metzger]] (godfather)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freestyle-motocross.co.uk/top3-freestyle-motocross-riders |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303025950/http://www.freestyle-motocross.co.uk/top3-freestyle-motocross-riders |archivedate=2011-03-03 }}</ref>
| {{why|date=August 2012}}
|-
| '''[[Funny Car]]'''
| [[Dick Landy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mopar.com/life/legends/dicklandy.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924034053/http://www.mopar.com/life/legends/dicklandy.html |archivedate=2009-09-24 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''Modern [[gymnastic]]'''
| [[Friedrich Ludwig Jahn]]
|
|-
| '''Modern [[Handball]]'''
| [[Karl Schelenz]]
|
|-
| '''[[Ice hockey]]'''
| [[James Creighton (ice hockey)|James Creighton]]
| Captained one of the two teams that participated in the [[first indoor hockey game]] on March 3, 1875 in Montreal
|-
| '''[[Import scene|Import]] [[drag racing]]'''
| [[Frank Choi]]<ref>"Frank Choi, the father of import drag racing, has done it again..." {{cite web|url=http://turbohightechperformance.automotive.com/65970/turp-0311-battle-in-virginia-drag-race/index.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130095505/http://turbohightechperformance.automotive.com/65970/turp-0311-battle-in-virginia-drag-race/index.html |archivedate=2010-01-30 }}</ref>
| Hosted one of the first events specifically for import cars in the mid-1990s to keep drivers out of [[street racing]] that progressed into a professional category
|-
| rowspan="2"|'''[[Football in Italy|Italian football]]'''
|[[James Richardson Spensley]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/players/eng-players-in-it.html |title=English Players in Italy |work=RSSSF.com |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921040533/http://www.rsssf.com/players/eng-players-in-it.html |archivedate=2007-09-21 }}</ref>
| Associated with [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa CFC]]; contributed to the modern day-variation of the game in [[Italy]]
|-
| [[William Garbutt]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.target.com/William-Garbutt-Father-Italian-Football/dp/1899807829|title=Target : Expect More. Pay Less.|website=Target.com|accessdate=10 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103115610/http://www.target.com/William-Garbutt-Father-Italian-Football/dp/1899807829|archivedate=3 November 2011}}</ref>
| Laid the foundations of skilled coaching in Italian football
|-
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Baseball in Japan|Japanese baseball]]'''
| [[Horace Wilson (professor)|Horace Wilson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/the-social-impact-japanese-baseball-13410.html?cat=9 |title=The Social Impact of Japanese Baseball |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824110024/http://voices.yahoo.com/the-social-impact-japanese-baseball-13410.html?cat=9 |archivedate=2013-08-24 }}</ref>
| Credited with introducing baseball in Japan
|-
| [[Hiroshi Hiraoka]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/travel/articles/2006/10/01/a_passion_for_the_sox_in_kyotos_fenway_park/?page=2 |work=The Boston Globe |title=A passion for the Sox in Kyoto's Fenway Park |first=Christopher |last=Klein |date=2006-10-01}}</ref>
| Credited with establishing the first baseball team
|-
| '''[[Jogging]]'''
| [[Jim Fixx]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/fathers-and-mothers-of-invention-ultimate-victims-of-their-own-success-569681.html |work=The Independent |location=London |title=Fathers (and mothers) of invention: ultimate victims of their own success |date=2004-02-12 |accessdate=2010-05-08}}</ref>
| Founding father{{why|date=August 2012}}
|-
| '''[[Kart racing]]'''
| [[Art Ingels]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vintagekarts.com/ingels.htm|title=Art Ingels|website=Vintagekarts.com|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
| Developed the world's first kart (1956)
|-
| '''Kenyan [[running]]'''
| [[Colm O'Connell]]<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/08/david-rudisha-colm-oconnell-kenya | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Adharanand | last=Finn | title=Kenya's David Rudisha is favourite for 800m, thanks to an Irish Brother | date=2012-08-08}}</ref>
| Founded the first running camp in Kenya
|-
| '''[[Lacrosse]]'''
| [[William George Beers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stxlacrosse.com/theculture/history.cfm |title=STX - Home |accessdate=10 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406011926/http://www.stxlacrosse.com/theculture/history.cfm |archivedate=6 April 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hickoksports.com/history/lacrosse.shtml |title=Contact Support |accessdate=12 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020223060749/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/lacrosse.shtml |archivedate=23 February 2002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/history-lacrosse.htm|title=The Rules of Lacrosse. History And Origins Of Lacrosse.|website=Collegesportsscholarships.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schoolnet.ca/aboriginal/handbook/arts_lacrosse.html |title=Aboriginal Innovations in Arts, Science and Technology Handbook |publisher=Lakehead University |accessdate=10 January 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513180718/http://www.schoolnet.ca/aboriginal/handbook/arts_lacrosse.html |archivedate=13 May 2007 }}</ref>
| Codified the sport
|-
|'''Mexican [[taekwondo]]'''
|[[Dai-won Moon]]<ref name="Korea Times">{{cite news|url= http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/sports/2013/07/600_139580.html |title=Moon Dai-won: father of Mexican taekwondo
|newspaper= Korea Times |accessdate=October 19, 2014|date=2013-07-19
}}</ref>
|Credited with introducing the sport to Mexico; founded school that has trained tens of thousands in the sport
|-
| '''Mississippi rodeo'''
| [[Earl W. Bascom]] <br> Weldon Bascom<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toledonewsnow.com/story/26613349/on-this-day-in-history-september-24th-1935|title=On this day in history - September 24th, 1935|author=Wil Nunnery|date=24 September 2014|website=Toledonewsnow.com|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724114744/http://www.toledonewsnow.com/story/26613349/on-this-day-in-history-september-24th-1935|archive-date=24 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Produced the first rodeo in Columbia, Mississippi in 1935
|-
| '''[[Mixed martial arts]]'''
| [[Edward William Barton-Wright]]<ref>The Bartitsu Compendium Volumes 1 and 2</ref>
|Experimented 1898–1902 with Shinden Fudo Ryu jujutsu, Kodokan judo, British boxing, Swiss schwingen, French savate and a defensive la canne (stick fighting) style that had been developed by Pierre Vigny of Switzerland ,which led to the invention of [[Bartitsu]]
|-
| '''[[Model aircraft|Model aviation]]'''
| [[Joseph S. Ott]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-07-04/news/8602170707_1_model-airplanes-mr-ott-joseph-ott|title=Joseph Ott, Designer Of Model Planes|work=tribunedigital-chicagotribune|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
| ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', in an obituary, referred him as the father mainly for his designs of thousands of model aircraft spanning from the 1920s up to his death in 1986.
|-
|rowspan=2| '''Modern [[bodybuilding]]'''
| [[Eugen Sandow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musclepowershop.com/2009/04/eugene-sandow-father-of-bodybuilding.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-06-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617225402/http://www.musclepowershop.com/2009/04/eugene-sandow-father-of-bodybuilding.html |archivedate=2009-06-17 }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Universal Gym Equipment#History|Harold Zinkin]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.gov.ca.gov/press-release/2761/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026121506/http://www.gov.ca.gov/press-release/2761/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=2008-10-26 | title=Governor Schwarzenegger Issues Statement on Death of Harold Zinkin, Father of Modern Bodybuilding - Press Release by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger}}</ref>
| Called so by [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] during a press statement on his passing in 2004; inventor of modern exercise machines
|-
|rowspan=2| '''Modern [[boxing]]'''
| [[James Figg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastsideboxing.com/news.php?p=4864&more=1 |title=James Figg: Father of Modern Boxing |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802191321/http://www.eastsideboxing.com/news.php?p=4864&more=1 |archivedate=2012-08-02 }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[James J. Corbett]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
|
|-
| '''Modern [[figure skating]]'''
| [[Jackson Haines]]<ref name="icestatearchive">{{cite web |url=http://www.icestagearchive.com/haines.html |work=Roy Blakey's Icestage Archive |title=Jackson Haines - The Father of Figure Skating |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
| "Jackson Haines - The Father of Figure Skating," according to Roy Blakey
|-
| '''[[Association football in Japan|Modern football in Japan]]'''
| [[Dettmar Cramer]]<ref name="worldsoccer.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/blogs/the-football-professor-a-profile-of-dettmar-cramer|title=The football professor: a profile of Dettmar Cramer|date=19 October 2011|work=World Soccer|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''Modern [[Rodeo]]'''
| [[Earl W. Bascom]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20130722/cowboy-legend-earl-bascom-was-a-rodeo-pioneer-and-western-artist|title=Cowboy legend Earl Bascom was a rodeo pioneer and Western artist|website=Sbsun.com|accessdate=10 January 2016|date=2013-07-22}}</ref>
| Inventor of rodeo gear and equipment that made rodeo into a modern international sport
|-
| '''Modern [[tennis]]'''
| [[Jack Kramer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/478127-king-of-the-court-jack-kramer-the-father-of-modern-tennis|title=King of the Court "Jack" Kramer: The Father of Modern Tennis|author=JA Allen|work=Bleacher Report|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
| Creator of the "Open"-era tournaments and the [[Association of Tennis Professionals]]
|-
| '''[[Puroresu]]'''
| [[Rikidōzan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/754426-puroresu-why-i-believe-its-the-best-pro-wrestling-style-internationally|title=Puroresu: Why I Believe It's the Best Pro-Wrestling Style Internationally|author=Jacob Waring|work=Bleacher Report|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Para-equestrian|'''Para-equestrian dressage''']]
|[[Lee Pearson]] (godfather)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/30/sport/lee-pearson-dressage-rio-2016-equestrian/index.html|title=Lee Pearson: Out of two closets, into Paralympic glory|author=Ollie Williams and Olivia Yasukawa|website=CNN|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref>
|Most decorated para-equestrian rider of all time
|-
| rowspan="2"| '''Organized [[radio controlled car|radio controlled]] racing'''
| [[Ted Longshaw]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.efra.ws/index.php?id=388&newsid=956&frompageid=354&start=0&p_f=25&e=0&c=0&s=0&y=2011-01-01|title=Detail News|website=News.efra.ws|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121143459/http://news.efra.ws/index.php?id=388&newsid=956&frompageid=354&start=0&p_f=25&e=0&c=0&s=0&y=2011-01-01|archive-date=21 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Regarded as a grandfather of the sport; founded an organization for racing in the [[British Radio Car Association|United Kingdom]] (1971); founded governing bodies for organized racing in [[European Federation of Radio Operated Model Automobiles|Europe]] (1973), [[Far East Model Car Association|the far east]] (1980) and [[International Federation of Model Auto Racing|worldwide]] (1979)
|-
| Roger Curtis
| Co-founder of [[Associated Electrics]], one of the most significant R/C car brands; contributed to racing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rccaraction.com/blog/2013/06/06/rc-car-action-honors-roger-curtis-with-rc-hall-of-fame-induction/|title=RC Car Action honors Roger Curtis with RC Hall of Fame Induction|work=RC Car Action|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107004708/http://www.rccaraction.com/blog/2013/06/06/rc-car-action-honors-roger-curtis-with-rc-hall-of-fame-induction/|archive-date=7 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Sabre (fencing)|Modern sabre fencing]]'''
| [[Italo Santelli]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027082814/http://geocities.com/giorgio_santelli_csaba_elthes/Italo_Santelli.htm Santelli bio] including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler December 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".</ref>
|
|-
| '''Modern [[surfing]]'''
| [[Duke Kahanamoku]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.surfingmuseum.org/collection/duke/duke.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-02-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211121953/http://www.surfingmuseum.org/collection/duke/duke.html |archivedate=2008-12-11 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Saddle bronc and bareback riding|Rodeo bareback bronc riding]]'''
| [[Earl W. Bascom]]<ref name="Elgin, Fran 2011. pp.77">Elgin, Fran, et al. Editors. "Mohahve VI, A Collection of Histories", Hesperia, California, USA: Mohahve Historical Society, 2011. pp. 77.</ref><ref>https://www.aginfo.net/report/18045/Land-Livestock-Report/The-Father-of-Bareback-Riding</ref>
| Designed and made the first one-hand rigging in 1924
|-
|rowspan=2|'''[[Rugby union]]'''
| [[A. G. Guillemard]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basicbloganomics.com/2009/03/first-fa-cup-final-on-march-16-1872.html|title=Blogger|website=Basicbloganomics.com|accessdate=10 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520154640/http://www.basicbloganomics.com/2009/03/first-fa-cup-final-on-march-16-1872.html|archivedate=20 May 2012}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[William Webb Ellis]]<ref>[[:File:WWEplaque 700.jpg]]</ref>
| "Who with a fine disregard for the rules of football as played in his time first took the ball in his arms and ran with it thus originating the distinctive feature of the rugby game".
|-
| '''[[Scuba diving]]'''
| [[Jacques Cousteau]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.divingalmanac.com/article.php?article_id=3053&PHPSESSID=c017e3b7c4eb770b978b9ff0900b5ba2 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-10-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404010404/http://www.divingalmanac.com/article.php?article_id=3053&PHPSESSID=c017e3b7c4eb770b978b9ff0900b5ba2 |archivedate=2012-04-04 }}</ref>
| Developed the [[aqua-lung]] jointly with [[Émile Gagnan]]; popularized scuba diving as a research diver, writer, and film and television producer and personality
|-
|rowspan=3| '''[[Skateboarding]]'''
| [[Skip Engblom]] (godfather)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kontinent.se/slideshow.php?story=70 |title=The Godfather of skateboarding |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201032059/http://www.kontinent.se/slideshow.php?story=70 |archivedate=2008-12-01 |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Tony Hawk]] (godfather)<ref>[http://www.danshamptons.com/content/hamptonstyle/2008/july_11/11.html] {{dead link|date=January 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Rodney Mullen]] (godfather)
|
|-
| '''[[Snooker]]'''
| [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snookerclubs.com/history-of-snooker.htm|title=History of Snooker including how snooker was invented, how snooker was named and how snooker has developed over the years|website=Snookerclubs.com|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
| Adopted the name and framed the rules in [[Ooty]], [[India]]
|-
| '''[[Snowboarding]]'''
| [[Jake Burton Carpenter]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nestle.bg/news.details.asp?lang=1&nid=48&page=1 |title=NESCAFÉ 3in1 & Burton in an expectedly good snowboard combination |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824012855/http://www.nestle.bg/news.details.asp?lang=1&nid=48&page=1 |archivedate=2011-08-24 |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Stock car racing]]'''
| [[Bill France, Sr.]]<ref>"The Hall dinner and ceremony that also would include induction of William H.G. France, the father of stock car racing" {{cite web|url=http://books.simonandschuster.com/Wildest-Ride/Joe-Menzer/9780743226257/excerpt_with_id/14145 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-12-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114043826/http://books.simonandschuster.com/Wildest-Ride/Joe-Menzer/9780743226257/excerpt_with_id/14145 |archivedate=2012-11-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19920609&id=KFAeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1892,1191270|title=Times Daily - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
|Founded the sanctioning body for stock car racing
|-
| '''[[AMA Supercross Championship|Supercross]]'''
| [[Mike Goodwin (motorsport)|Mike Goodwin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drivingtoday.com/wcco/features/archive/thompson/index.html|title=Driving Today: Who Killed Mickey Thompson?|website=Drivingtoday.com|accessdate=10 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527122954/http://www.drivingtoday.com/wcco/features/archive/thompson/index.html|archivedate=27 May 2011}}</ref>
| Organized the first supercross race
|-
| '''[[Telemark skiing]]'''
| [[Sondre Norheim]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Sondre_Norheim|title=Sondre Norheim|author=Rolf Bryhn|date=29 June 2018|language=no|website=[[Store norske leksikon|SNL.no]]}}</ref>
|
|-
|-
| '''[[Broadcasting of sports events|Televised]] [[golf]]'''
| [[Frank Chirkinian]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pgatour.com/2011/r/03/04/dolch-column-chirkinian/index.html |title=Chirkinian's impact on televised golf can't be overstated |first=Craig |last=Dolch |work=[[PGA Tour|PGATOUR.com]] |date=March 4, 2011 |quote=Bringing sounds to golf is just part of the reason why Chirkinian — who is considered "the father of televised golf" — was elected February 9 into the World Golf Hall of Fame on an emergency vote. |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306140017/http://www.pgatour.com/2011/r/03/04/dolch-column-chirkinian/index.html |archivedate=2011-03-06 |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/06/sports/golf/06chirkinian.html |title=Frank Chirkinian, the Father of Televised Golf, Dies at 84 |first=Richard |last=Goldstein |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 5, 2011 |accessdate=2013-08-21 |quote=Frank is universally regarded as the father of golf television,” [[Jim Nantz]], CBS’s longtime lead golf announcer, told the PGA Tour Web site this year. “He invented it. He took a sport that no one knew how to televise and made it interesting. He brought [[Masters Tournament|the Masters tournament]] to life.}}</ref>
| Personally responsible for much of the production conventions of modern golf broadcasting
|}

===Technology===

====Fields====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width="225px"| Subject
!width="250px"| Father/mother
!width="300px"| Reason
|-
|'''[[Aerodynamics]]''' (modern)
| [[Sir George Cayley]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Sir George Carley (British Inventor and Scientist)
| url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100795/Sir-George-Cayley-6th-Baronet
| encyclopedia = Britannica
| accessdate = 2009-07-26
| quote = English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = The Pioneers: Aviation and Airmodelling
| url = http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/cayley.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-26
| quote = Sir George Cayley, is sometimes called the 'Father of Aviation'. A pioneer in his field, he is credited with the first major breakthrough in heavier-than-air flight. He was the first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight&mdash;weight, lift, drag, and thrust&mdash;and their relationship and also the first to build a successful human carrying glider.}}</ref>
| Founding father of modern aerodynamics; first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight&mdash;[[weight]], [[Lift (force)|lift]], [[Drag (physics)|drag]], and [[thrust]]; modern airplane design is based on those discoveries
|-
| '''American [[landscape architecture]]'''
| [[Frederick Law Olmsted]]<ref>https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/massachusetts_conservation/frederick_law_olmsted.html</ref>
| Olmsted designed Central Park in New York City
|-
| '''[[Architecture]]'''
| [[Imhotep]]<ref>Albert Gallatin Mackey, ''The Builder Magazine'', December 1922, Volume VIII, Number 12, Part XVI.</ref>
| Built the first [[pyramid]]
|-
| '''[[Astronautics]]'''
| [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astronautix.com/astros/tsivskiy.htm|title=Tsiolkovskiy|website=Astronautix.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref><br>[[Sergei Korolev]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/astros/korolev.htm|title=Korolev|website=Astronautix.com|accessdate=10 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020701161450/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/korolev.htm|archivedate=1 July 2002}}</ref><br>[[Robert H. Goddard]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://astronautix.com/astros/goddard.htm|title=Goddard|website=Astronautix.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref><br>[[Hermann Oberth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://astronautix.com/astros/oberth.htm|title=Oberth|website=Astronautix.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Aviation]]'''
| [[Francesco Lana de Terzi|Father Francesco Lana-Terzi]]<ref>[[Thomas Woods|Woods, Thomas]]. ''How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization'', p 36. (Washington, DC: Regenery, 2005); {{ISBN|0-89526-038-7}}.</ref> and [[Abbas ibn Firnas]]<ref name=dict2010>Marshall Cavendish Reference. Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World. Marshall Cavendish, 2010 {{ISBN|9780761479291}} p.106.</ref><ref>How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines
By John H. Lienhard</ref><ref>Sustainable Aviation
by T. Hikmet Karakoc, C. Ozgur Colpan, Onder Altuntas, Yasin Sohret</ref> Ibn Firnas built the first human carrying [[Glider (aircraft)|glider]] and is reputed to have attempted two successful [[flight]]s.<ref name="Lienhard">{{cite episode |transcripturl=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1910.htm |transcript=Transcript|title='Abbas Ibn Firnas |credits=John H. Lienhard |series=The Engines of Our Ingenuity |serieslink=The Engines of Our Ingenuity |network=NPR |station=KUHF-FM Houston |airdate=2004 |number=1910 |<!--accessdate=2009-08-31-->}}</ref><ref name="Lynn White 1961, 100f.">[[Lynn Townsend White, Jr.]] (Spring, 1961). "Eilmer of Malmesbury, an Eleventh Century Aviator: A Case Study of Technological Innovation, Its Context and Tradition", ''Technology and Culture'' '''2''' (2), p. 97-111 [100f.]</ref>
| Wrote ''Prodromo alla Arte Maestra'' (1670); first to describe the geometry and physics of a flying vessel
|-
| '''British [[Watchmaker|watchmaking]]'''
| [[Thomas Tompion]]<ref name="watchtime">{{cite news |url=http://www.watchtime.com/2010/03/the-man-behind-the-brand-george-graham/ |title=The Man Behind the Brand: George Graham |accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Clinical trial]]s'''
| [[James Lind]]<ref name="Twyman">{{cite web
|url=http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020948.html
|title=A brief history of clinical trials
|work=The Human Genome
|last=Twyman
|first=Richard
|date=22 September 2004
|publisher=Wellcome Trust
|accessdate=29 August 2010
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215042751/http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020948.html
|archivedate=15 December 2009
}}</ref>
| Conducted the first [[Scientific control|controlled]] [[clinical trial]] in the modern era of medicine, an investigation on using [[citrus]] food as a treatment for [[scurvy]] aboard [[HMS Salisbury (1746)|HMS ''Salisbury'']] in 1747
|-
| '''[[Computing]]'''
| [[Charles Babbage]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Lee|first=J.A.N.|year=1995|title=International Biographical Dictionary of Computer Pioneers|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|location=Chicago|isbn=978-1-884964-47-3|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalbio00john}}</ref>
| Inventor of the [[analytical engine]], which was never constructed in his lifetime
|-
| '''[[Cybernetics]]'''
| [[Norbert Wiener]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Belzer | first=Belzer | authorlink= | year=1977 | origyear= |title=Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 7 - Curve Fitting to Early Development... | publisher=Marcel Dekker | location= | isbn=978-0-262-73009-9}}, p. 55: "It is probably not an accident that the 'father of cybernetics,' Norbert Wiener, …"</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Wiener | first=Norbert | authorlink= | year=1965 | origyear=1948 | title=Cybernetics, Second Edition: or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine | publisher=MIT Press | location= | isbn=978-0-8247-2257-9}} (Wiener is credited with coining the term in its common modern usage)</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Gastrointestinal physiology]]'''
|[[William Beaumont]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=nlmfindaid;cc=nlmfindaid;view=reslist;subview=standard;didno=beaumont131|title=William Beaumont Papers|last=|first=|date=|website=oculus.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Genetics]]'''
| [[Gregor Johann Mendel]]
| Founder of genetics.<ref>{{cite book |author=Bowler, Peter J. |title=Evolution: the history of an idea |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=978-0-520-23693-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8 }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Green Revolution]]'''
| [[Norman Borlaug]]
|
|-
|'''[[Microscopy]]'''
|[[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]]<ref>[[Nick Lane|Lane, Nick]] (6 March 2015). "The Unseen World: Reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) 'Concerning Little Animal'." ''Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci''. 2015 Apr; 370 (1666): {{doi|10.1098/rstb.2014.0344}}</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Information theory]]'''
|[[Claude Shannon]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/claude-e-shannon-founder/|title=Claude E. Shannon: Founder of Information Theory|last=Collins|first=Graham P.|website=Scientific American|language=en|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Bladesmithing|Modern bladesmithing]]'''
| [[William F. Moran]]
| Founder of the [[American Bladesmith Society]]
|-
| '''[[Kinematics|Modern kinematics]]'''
| [[Ferdinand Freudenstein]]
| Applied digital computation to the kinematic synthesis of mechanisms<ref>{{cite book |title=Life and career of Ferdinand Freudenstein |volume=1 |pages=151–181 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-6366-4_7 |chapter = Ferdinand Freudenstein (1926–2006)|series = History of Mechanism and Machine Science|year = 2007|last1 = Roth|first1 = Bernard|isbn=978-1-4020-6365-7 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Knifemaking|Modern Knifemaking]]'''
| [[Bob Loveless]]
| Founder of the [[Knifemakers' Guild]]
|-
|'''Modern [[Linguistics]]'''
| [[Noam Chomsky]]
|
|-
|'''[[Nanotechnology]]'''
| [[Richard Smalley]]
| Nobel Prize Biography<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/smalley-bio.html|title=Richard E. Smalley - Biographical |accessdate=2014-06-12}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Photography]]'''
| [[Louis Daguerre]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FLTyvuWX6MMC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20 |title=The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science |first=M. Susan |last=Barger |author2=William B. White |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2000 |page=20 |isbn=978-0-8018-6458-2 |quote=Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre... |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref><br>[[Nicéphore Niépce]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science|first=M. Susan|last=Barger|author2=William B. White |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8018-6458-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FLTyvuWX6MMC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17 |page=17 |quote=The first father of photography was Nicéphore Niépce.... |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref><br>[[William Henry Fox Talbot]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's Who in Victorian Britain|first=Roger|last=Ellis|year=2001|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-1640-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V433uVHqzDcC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=%22father+of+photography%22 |page=116|quote=cites book title: "A. H. Booth: William Henry Fox Talbot: father of photography, 1965" |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref><br>[[Thomas Wedgwood (1771–1805)|Thomas Wedgwood]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Opium: A History|first=Martin|last=Booth|year=1999|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-0-312-20667-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/opiumhistory00boot |url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/opiumhistory00boot/page/30 30] |quote=Robert Hall, the divine, was addicted [to opium], as was Thomas Wedgwood, the father of photography. |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Robotics]]'''
| [[Al-Jazari]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies, Part 2|year=2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789048123452|editor=Marco Ceccarelli |url=http://www.abebooks.com/9789048123452/9048123453/plp |accessdate=2013-08-20 |page=13|quote=Other chapters of Al-Jazari's work describe fountains and musical automata which are of interest mainly because the flow of water in them alternated from one large tank to another at hourly or half-hourly intervals. Several ingenious devices for hydraulic switching were used to achieve this operation (Rosheim 1994). These revolutionary machines owed him the title of the father of robotics (Chapius and Droz 1958; Nocks 2007).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Syria, 2nd|year=2010|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |url=http://www.abebooks.com/9781841623146/Bradt-Travel-Guide-Syria-Darke-1841623148/plp |isbn=9781841623146|author=Diana Darke|page=98|quote=One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of humankind was the crankshaft, invented by the Muslim engineer Al-Jazari. He devised it to raise water for irrigation. He also invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, and was the father of robotics. |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref><br>[[Banū Mūsā]] brothers<ref>Koetsier, Teun (2001), "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", Mechanism and Machine Theory, Elsevier, 36 (5): 589–603, doi:10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2</ref>
| Al-Jazari Invented the first programmable humanoid robot in 1206<ref>{{cite book |title=Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies, Part 2 |year=2009 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789048123452 |editor=Marco Ceccarelli |chapter-url=http://www.abebooks.com/9789048123452/9048123453/plp |accessdate=2013-08-20 |page=4 |chapter=Al-Jazari |quote=Others gave amusement and aesthetic pleasure to the members of royal circles, which led him to invent the first programmable humanoid robot in 1206. Al-Jazari's robot was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests at royal drinking parties (Margaret 2006; Franchi and Güzeldere 2005).}}</ref><br>The Bānu Musā brothers invented an automatic flute which may have been the first programmable machine
|-
| '''Western fiction novels'''
| [[Owen Wister]]
| Wister wrote the first fictional western novel "The Virginian" in 1902
|-
|}

====Computing====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width="225px"| Subject
!width="250px"| Father/mother
!width="600px"| Reason
|-
| '''[[C (programming language)]]'''
| [[Dennis Ritchie]]
|
|-
| '''[[Assembly language#Assembler|Assembler]]'''
| [[Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)|Nathaniel Rochester]]{{sfn|Pigott|1995}}
|
|-
| '''[[Concurrent computing]]'''/'''[[Concurrent programming]]'''
| [[Edsger W. Dijkstra]]
| In his 2004 memoir, "A Programmer's Story: The Life of a Computer Pioneer", [[Per Brinch Hansen]] wrote that he used "Cooperating Sequential Processes" to guide his work implementing multiprogramming on the RC 4000, and described it saying, "One of the great works in computer programming, this masterpiece laid the conceptual foundation for concurrent programming."
|-
| '''[[Compiler]]'''
| [[John Backus]]
| Credited as having introduced the first complete compiler in 1957, although rudimental compilers ([[linker (computing)|linker]]) were created by [[Grace Hopper]] in 1952 and by [[J. Halcombe Laning]] and Neal Zerlier ([[Laning and Zierler system]]) in 1954.
|-
| rowspan=6 | '''[[Computer]]'''
| [[Charles Babbage]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XPQkgaAd-LQC&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=My+Big+Book+of+Computers+6#q=My%20Big%20Book%20of%20Computers%206 |title=My Big Book of Computers 6|publisher=Ratna Sagar|isbn=9788170708827|author=BPB Publications|accessdate=4 July 2012|page=7|quote=Charles Babbage is called the Father of Computers, because the concepts he pioneered in his engine later formed the basis of modern computers.}}</ref>
|The concepts he pioneered in his analytical engine later formed the basis of modern computers.
|-
|[[Alan Turing]]<ref>
{{cite magazine
| title = Alan Turing - Time 100 People of the Century
| url = http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/turing.html
| magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
| accessdate = 2009-06-13
| quote = The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine
| first=Paul
| last=Gray
| date=1999-03-29
}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/3781481.stm 'Father of the computer' honoured] - BBC News, Monday, 7 June 2004</ref>
|Secret code breaker during WWII; invented the [[Turing machine]] (1936)
|-
| [[John Vincent Atanasoff|John V. Atanasoff]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/ABC/Articles/Register6-95.html |title=Atanasoff, father of the computer, dies at 91 |accessdate=2006-07-28 |last=Bruner |first=Jeffrey |work=Rebuilding the ABC |publisher=Ames Laboratory |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828012547/http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/ABC/Articles/Register6-95.html |archivedate=2006-08-28 }}</ref>
| Invented the [[digital computer]] in the 1930s
|-
|[[Konrad Zuse]]<ref>[http://irb.cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse/Konrad_Zuse/Neumann_vs_Zuse.html Konrad Zuse's versus John von Neumann's Computer Concepts<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104145032/http://irb.cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse/Konrad_Zuse/Neumann_vs_Zuse.html |date=November 4, 2007 }}.</ref>
|Invented world's first functional program-controlled computer
|-
| [[John von Neumann]]<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/ The Modern History of Computing] - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</ref>
| Became "intrigued" with Turing's universal machine and later emphasised the importance of the stored-program concept for electronic computing (1945), including the possibility of allowing the machine to modify its own program in useful ways while running. John von Neumann is also considered to be the inventor of flowchart.
|-
| [[John W. Mauchly]]<ref name=Mauchly>{{cite web|url=http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/182.html |title=Inventor Profile: John Mauchly |work=Invent Now - Hall of Fame |publisher=[[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] |location=North Canton, OH, USA |date=March 29, 2004 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824135331/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/182.html |archivedate=August 24, 2013 }}</ref><br>[[J. Presper Eckert|J.Presper Eckert]]<ref name=Eckert>{{cite web|url=http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/181.html |title=Inventor Profile: J. Presper Eckert |work=Invent Now - Hall of Fame |publisher=[[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] |location=North Canton, OH, USA |date=March 29, 2004 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805075654/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/181.html |archivedate=August 5, 2013 }}</ref>
| Invented the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) in 1946. ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
|-
| '''[[Computer program]]'''
| [[Ada Lovelace]]
| Recognized by historians as the writer of the world's first computer program which was for the [[Charles Babbage]] [[Analytical Engine]], but was never completed.
|-
| '''[[Internet]]'''
|[[Vint Cerf]]<ref>[http://tap.gallaudet.edu/emergency/nov05conference/Remarks/Goldberg.asp Making Televised Emergency Information Accessible] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113081620/http://tap.gallaudet.edu/emergency/nov05conference/Remarks/Goldberg.asp |date=2009-01-13 }} from the [[Gallaudet University]] website</ref><ref>Although it's a title he objects to (see [http://www.gcn.com/print/25_2/38005-1.html?topic=interview Interview with Vinton Cerf] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609092123/http://www.gcn.com/print/25_2/38005-1.html?topic=interview |date=June 9, 2007 }}, from a January 2006 article in ''Government Computer News''), Cerf is willing to call himself one of the Internet's fathers, citing [[Bob Kahn]] in particularly as being someone with whom he should share that title.</ref><br />[[Bob Kahn]]<ref>Kahn do, No (2007). " [http://www.theregister.com/2007/01/18/kahn_net_neutrality_warning/ Father of internet warns against Net Neutrality]", ''The Register'', Thursday 18 January</ref>
|Developed the [[Internet protocol]] (IP) and [[Transmission Control Protocol]] (TCP) during 1973-81, the two original [[Communication protocol|protocols]] of the [[Internet protocol suite]].<ref name="The Great Idea Finder">{{cite web|title=Fascinating facts about the invention of the Internet by Vinton Cerf in 1973|publisher=The Great Idea Finder|url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/internet.htm|access-date=2010-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924095721/http://ideafinder.com/history/inventions/internet.htm|archive-date=2010-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> There were many other [[List of Internet pioneers|Internet pioneers]] involved in the creation of the Internet.
|-
| '''[[Microprocessor]]'''
| Federico Faggin
[[Marcian Hoff]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rpi.edu/about/alumni/inductees/hoff.html|title=RPI Alumni Hall of Fame: Marcian E. Hoff|website=Rpi.edu|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>

Stanley Mazor<br>[[Masatoshi Shima]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Kosaku Inagaki's Home Page |publisher=[[Kyoto University]] |url=http://inagaki.ist.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp |accessdate=2010-04-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203043622/http://inagaki.ist.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ |archivedate=2011-02-03 }}</ref>
|Designers of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004.
|-
|'''[[Packet switching]]'''
|[[Paul Baran]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=316|title=Inductee Details - Paul Baran|publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091231/http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=316|archive-date=6 September 2017|accessdate=6 September 2017}}</ref>
[[Donald Davies]]<ref name="NIHF2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=328|title=Inductee Details - Donald Watts Davies|publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091936/http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=328|archive-date=6 September 2017|accessdate=6 September 2017}}</ref>
|Recognized by historians for independently inventing the concept of digital packet switching used in modern [[Computer network|computer networking]] including the [[Internet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/business/2015/05/30/net-of-insecurity-part-1/|title=The real story of how the Internet became so vulnerable|last=|first=|date=May 30, 2015|website=Washington Post|language=en-US|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530231409/http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/business/2015/05/30/net-of-insecurity-part-1/|archive-date=2015-05-30|access-date=2020-02-18|quote=Historians credit seminal insights to Welsh scientist Donald W. Davies and American engineer Paul Baran}}</ref> Baran published a series of briefings and papers about dividing information into “message blocks” and sending it over distributed networks between 1960-64.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rand.org/about/history/baran.html|title=Paul Baran and the Origins of the Internet|last1=Monica|first1=1776 Main Street Santa|last2=California 90401-3208|website=www.rand.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> Davies conceived of and named the concept of packet switching in data communication networks in 1965.<ref name="Roberts1978">{{cite web|url=http://www.packet.cc/files/ev-packet-sw.html|title=The Evolution of Packet Switching|last1=Roberts|first1=Dr. Lawrence G.|date=November 1978|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324033133/http://www.packet.cc/files/ev-packet-sw.html|archive-date=March 24, 2016|accessdate=5 September 2017|quote=Almost immediately after the 1965 meeting, Donald Davies conceived of the details of a store-and-forward packet switching system}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.packet.cc/files/arpanet-computernet.html|title=The ARPANET & Computer Networks|last1=Roberts|first1=Dr. Lawrence G.|date=May 1995|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324032800/http://www.packet.cc/files/arpanet-computernet.html|archive-date=March 24, 2016|accessdate=13 April 2016|quote=Then in June 1966, Davies wrote a second internal paper, "Proposal for a Digital Communication Network" In which he coined the word packet,- a small sub part of the message the user wants to send, and also introduced the concept of an "Interface computer" to sit between the user equipment and the packet network.}}</ref>
[[Lawrence Roberts (scientist)|Larry Roberts]] learned about Davies' and Baran's work at the inaugural [[Symposium on Operating Systems Principles]] in October 1967. He and [[Leonard Kleinrock]] subsequently worked on the [[ARPANET]], but their claims to have originated the concept of packet switching are disputed,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4V9koAEACAAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA245|title=The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution|last1=Isaacson|first1=Walter|date=2014|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=9781476708690|page=245|quote=This led to an outcry among many of the other Internet pioneers, who publicly attacked Kleinrock and said that his brief mention of breaking messages into smaller pieces did not come close to being a proposal for packet switching}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Alex McKenzie|title=Comments on Dr. Leonard Kleinrock's claim to be "the Father of Modern Data Networking"|url=http://alexmckenzie.weebly.com/comments-on-kleinrocks-claims.html|year=2009|accessdate=April 23, 2015}} "... there is nothing in the entire 1964 book that suggests, analyzes, or alludes to the idea of packetization."</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Trevor Harris, University of Wales|date=2009|title=Who is the Father of the Internet? The Case for Donald Davies.|url=https://www.academia.edu/378261|journal=Variety in Mass Communication Research|language=en|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref> including by [[Robert Taylor (computer scientist)|Robert Taylor]],<ref>{{citation|author=Robert Taylor|title=Birthing the Internet: Letters From the Delivery Room; Disputing a Claim|date=November 22, 2001|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/22/technology/l-birthing-the-internet-letters-from-the-delivery-room-disputing-a-claim-325210.html|newspaper=New York Times|quote=Authors who have interviewed dozens of Arpanet pioneers know very well that the Kleinrock-Roberts claims are not believed.|author-link=Robert Taylor (computer scientist)}}</ref> Paul Baran<ref>{{citation|author=Katie Hefner|title=A Paternity Dispute Divides Net Pioneers|date=November 8, 2001|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/technology/a-paternity-dispute-divides-net-pioneers.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=New York Times|quote="The Internet is really the work of a thousand people," Mr. Baran said. "And of all the stories about what different people have done, all the pieces fit together. It's just this one little case that seems to be an aberration."}}</ref> and Donald Davies.<ref>{{citation|author=Donald Davies|title=A Historical Study of the Beginnings of Packet Switching|url=http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/3/152.extract|journal=Computer Journal, British Computer Society|volume=44|issue=3|pages=152–162|year=2001|doi=10.1093/comjnl/44.3.152|quote="I can find no evidence that he understood the principles of packet switching."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jun/25/internet-pioneers-airbrushed-from-history|title=''Internet pioneers airbrushed from history''|last=Scantlebury|first=Roger|date=25 June 2013|work=The Guardian|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Intel P5|Pentium microprocessor]]'''
| [[Vinod Dham]]<ref>[http://www.magazine.uc.edu/1000/dham.htm The Technology Trailblazer: Vinod Dham]. [[University of Cincinnati]].</ref><ref>[http://www.rediff.com/computer/1999/jan/30tf.htm Priya Ganapati at Techfest 99, IIT Bombay]. [[Rediff.com]].</ref>
| The original Pentium (P5) was developed by a team of engineers, including [[John H. Crawford]], chief architect of the original 386,<ref>p. 54, "Intel Turns 35: Now What?", David L. Margulius, ''InfoWorld'', July 21, 2003, ISSN 0199-6649.</ref> and Donald Alpert, who managed the architectural team. Dror Avnon managed the design of the FPU.<ref>p. 21, "[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=216745 Architecture of the Pentium microprocessor]", D. Alpert and D. Avnon, ''IEEE Micro'', '''13''', #3 (June 1993), pp. 11–21, {{doi|10.1109/40.216745}}.</ref> Dham was general manager of the P5 group.<ref>p. 90, "Inside Intel", ''Business Week'', #3268, June 1, 1992.</ref> Some media sources have called him the "father of the Pentium".
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Personal computer]]'''
| [[Chuck Peddle]]<ref name="commodore">{{cite web|url=http://www.commodore.ca/history/people/chuck_peddle/chuck_peddle.htm|title=commodore.ca - History - Chuck Peddle Inventor of the Personal Computer|website=Commodore.ca|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127142536/http://www.commodore.ca/history/people/chuck_peddle/chuck_peddle.htm|archive-date=27 January 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| Developed the 6502 [[microprocessor]], the [[KIM-1]] and the [[Commodore PET]]
|-
| [[Ed Roberts (computer engineer)|Henry Edward "Ed" Roberts]]<ref name="BBC Apr 2010">{{cite news |title=Microsoft founders lead tributes to 'father of the PC' |work=BBC News |date=April 2, 2010 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8600493.stm |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref><br> [[André Truong Trong Thi]]<ref name=Wired>[https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/1997/09/6850 A Talk with the Father of Computing] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317012805/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/1997/09/6850 |date=March 17, 2010 }}, ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired Magazine]]''</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Programmable logic controller]]'''
| [[Dick Morley]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}
|
|-
| '''[[Python (programming language)]]
| [[Guido van Rossum]]
|
|-
| '''[[Search engine]]'''
| [[Alan Emtage]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/IT-Infrastructure/The-Fathers-of-Computing/15/|title=The Fathers of Computing|website=Eweek.com|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerhope.com/history/internet.htm|title=History of the Internet|website=Computerhope.com|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evancarmichael.com/Home-Based-Business/3010/History-of-the-Search-Engine--What-Came-Before-Google.html|title=History of the Search Engine - What Came Before Google?|first=Jeff|last=Casmer|website=Evancarmichael.com|accessdate=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818052842/http://www.evancarmichael.com/Home-Based-Business/3010/History-of-the-Search-Engine--What-Came-Before-Google.html|archive-date=18 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Created [[Archie search engine|Archie]], a pre-Web search engine which pioneered many of the techniques used by subsequent search engines
|-
| '''[[SGML]]'''
| [[Charles Goldfarb]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idealliance.org/papers/xml02/dx_xml02/papers/03-01-01/03-01-01.html|title=XML for Newcomers and Managers - Part I|date=27 September 2007|accessdate=10 August 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004047/http://www.idealliance.org/papers/xml02/dx_xml02/papers/03-01-01/03-01-01.html|archivedate=27 September 2007}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Spreadsheet]]'''
| [[Dan Bricklin]]
| Invented the [[VisiCalc]] spreadsheet program, which was the [[killer application]] of the [[Apple II]]. VisiCalc is considered the first killer app in computer history.<ref>D.J. Power, ''[http://www.dssresources.com/history/sshistory.html A Brief History of Spreadsheets]'', DSSResources.COM, v3.6, 30 August 2004</ref>
|-
| '''[[Self-stabilization]] ([[Self-stabilizing distributed system]]s)
| [[Edsger W. Dijkstra]]
|
|-
| '''[[Structured programming]]'''
| [[Edsger W. Dijkstra]]
|
|-
| '''[[World Wide Web]]'''
| [[Tim Berners-Lee]]<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/01/28/nweb228.xml Three loud cheers for the father of the web], 28 January 2005, Telegraph.co.uk</ref>
|The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
|-
| '''[[Visual Basic]]'''
| [[Alan Cooper]]<ref>Cooper, Alan, [http://www.cooper.com/alan/father_of_vb.html Why I am called "the Father of Visual Basic"] "Mitchell Waite called me the "father of Visual Basic" in the foreword to what I believe was the first book ever published for VB, called the Visual Basic How-To (now in its second edition, published by The Waite Group Press). I thought the appellation was an appropriate one, and frequently use the quoted phrase as my one-line biography."</ref> <!--Also about ten hits in Google Books, and most of them NOT by Cooper or Waite-->
|
|-
| '''[[XML]]'''
| [[Jon Bosak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2000/02/xtech/bosak.html|title=XML.com|author=Edd Dumbill|date=29 February 2000|website=Xml.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Wi-Fi]]'''
| [[Vic Hayes]]
|
|}

====Inventions====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width="225px"| Subject
!width="250px"| Father/mother
!width="300px"| Reason
|-
| '''[[AC induction motor]]'''
| [[Nikola Tesla]]
|Inventor of the [[Induction motor|AC induction motor]], the foundation of the [[Electrical grid|electric power grids]] worldwide for the [[Electric power transmission|transmission and distribution of electric power]].
|-
| '''[[Airplane]]'''
| [[Wright brothers]]<ref name="wb-smithson-edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasm.si.edu/wrightbrothers/|title=The Wright Brothers & The Invention of the Aerial Age|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=March 12, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813220152/http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/|archivedate=August 13, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wb-wstate-univ">{{cite journal|url=http://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/following/symposium/program/3/|title=Following the Footsteps of the Wright Brothers: Their Sites and Stories Symposium Papers|journal=Following in the Footsteps of the Wright Brothers: Their Sites and Stories|author=Mary Ann. Johnson|date=September 28, 2001|accessdate=March 12, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619100928/http://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/following/symposium/program/3/|archivedate=June 19, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/11/98/great_balloon_challenge/299568.stm|title=Flying through the ages|work=BBC News|date=March 19, 1999|accessdate=March 12, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021044458/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/11/98/great_balloon_challenge/299568.stm|archivedate=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Invented the first successful powered [[fixed-wing aircraft]], upon which further aircraft designs, [[Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft)|methods of flight]], and [[Aircraft flight control system|aircraft control systems]] were based.
|-
| '''[[Air conditioning]]'''
| [[Willis Carrier]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081797.htm|title=The Father of Cool - Willis Haviland Carrier and Air Conditioning|work=About.com Inventors|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Battery (electricity)|Battery]]'''
| [[Alessandro Volta]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones:Volta's Electrical Battery Invention, 1799 |url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Milestones:Volta%27s_Electrical_Battery_Invention,_1799 |website=Ieeeghn.org |publisher=IEEE Global History Network |accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref>
|Invented the first electrical battery, the [[Voltaic pile]].
|-
| '''[[Chronograph]]'''
| [[George Graham (clockmaker)|George Graham]]<ref name="watchtime"/><ref name="thetimetv">{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimetv.com/news-brawn-announces-new-team-partnership-with-graham-london-859-133|title=thetimetv.com - Brawn GP Announces New Team Partnership with Graham-London|website=Thetimetv.com|accessdate=10 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121143459/http://www.thetimetv.com/news-brawn-announces-new-team-partnership-with-graham-london-859-133|archivedate=21 January 2016}}</ref>
| Referred so by Bernard Humbert of the [[BBZ Biel-Bienne|Horology School of Bienne]] on his 1990 book ''The Chronograph'' as Graham was the first to construct a horological mechanism
|-
| '''[[Color photography]]'''
| [[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/gorskii.html|title=Photographer to the Tsar - The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated: The Empire That Was Russia - Exhibitions - Library of Congress|website=Loc.gov|accessdate=10 January 2016|date=2001-04-17}}</ref>
| A Russian chemist and photographer. He is best known for his pioneering work in color photography of early 20th-century Russia.
|-
| '''[[Compact Disc]]'''
| [[Kees A. Schouhamer Immink|Kees Immink]]<ref>[http://www.surroundmusic.net/articles/dvdbesound.htm] {{dead link|date=August 2017}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Ekranoplan]]'''
| [[Rostislav Alexeev]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/09/22/caspian_sea_monster/|title=In search of the Caspian Sea Monster|website=Theregister.co.uk|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|Alexeyev revolutionised the shipbuilding industry (though in secrecy) by inventing craft that use ground effect, whereby a wing traveling close to the ground is provided with a better lift-drag ratio - thereby enabling a combination of greater aircraft weight for less power and/or enhanced fuel economy.
|-
| '''[[Electric generator]]'''
| [[Michael Faraday]]
|Discoverer of [[Electromagnetic induction|electromagnetism]]. Inventor of the [[Faraday disk]], the first [[electric generator]] and the [[Faraday cage]].
|-
| '''Modern [[firearms]]'''
| [[John Moses Browning]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/gun-designer-john-browning-is-born|title=Gun designer John Browning is born - Jan 21, 1855 |website=HISTORY.com|accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref>
|Browning revolutionized the firearm industry with his automatic rifles that were manufactured by Winchester, Colt, Remington and Savage
|-
| '''[[Glow plug (model engine)|Glow plug engine]]'''
| [[Ray Arden]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.craftsmanshipmuseum.com/arden.htm|title=Model Engine Builders—Ray Arden|website=Craftsmanshipmuseum.com/|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224201840/http://www.craftsmanshipmuseum.com/Arden.htm|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| Invented the first glow plug for model engines
|-
| '''[[Helicopter]]'''
| [[Igor Sikorsky]]<ref>[http://inventors.about.com/od/hstartinventions/a/helicopter.htm Igor Sikorsky is considered to be the "father" of helicopters not because he invented the first. He is called that because he invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based], an article from inventors.About.com by Mary Bellis</ref>
| Invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based.
|-
| '''[[Instant noodle]]'''
| [[Momofuku Ando]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wakin-web.com/Wakin/NewsVault/InstantNoodles.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228051002/http://www.wakin-web.com/Wakin/NewsVault/InstantNoodles.html |archivedate=2009-12-28 }}</ref>
| Inventor of the instant noodle, also founder of [[Nissin Foods]] to produce and market them.
|-
| '''Japanese [[television]]'''
| [[Kenjiro Takayanagi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/aboutstrl/evolution-of-tv-en/p05/ |title=Kenjiro Takayanagi: The Father of Japanese Television |accessdate=2006-12-09 |publisher=NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101180643/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/aboutstrl/evolution-of-tv-en/p05/ |archivedate=2016-01-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6D61231F936A15754C0A966958260|title= Kenjiro Takayanagi, Electrical Engineer, 91 (obituary)|accessdate=2006-12-09|newspaper=New York Times | date=1990-07-25}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Jet engine]]'''
| [[Frank Whittle]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/coventry_warwickshire/4362374.stm | work=BBC News | title=Sculpture to jet engine inventor | date=2005-10-20 | accessdate=2010-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaitechnics.com/engine/engine_intro.html|title=AIRCRAFT ENGINE|website=Thaitechnics.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Karaoke]]'''
| [[Daisuke Inoue]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-234142.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106074449/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-234142.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-06|title=In Missing a Beat, Father of Karaoke Lost Out on Fortune|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=10 January 2016|date=2003-01-19|last1=Greimel|first1=Hans}}</ref>
| Inventor of the machine as a means of allowing people to sing without the need of a live back-up.
|-
| '''[[Laser]]'''
| [[Charles Hard Townes]]
|
|-
| '''[[Lightning prediction system]]'''
| [[Alexander Stepanovich Popov]]
| The first lightning prediction system, the [[Lightning detector]], was invented in 1894 by [[Alexander Stepanovich Popov]].
|-
| '''[[Marine chronometer]]'''
| [[John Harrison]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/clocks-n-watches/watch/watches/harrison/index.htm |title=John Harrison (1693-1776) |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022211857/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/clocks-n-watches/watch/watches/harrison/index.htm |archivedate=2012-10-22 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Mobile phone]]'''
| [[Martin Cooper (inventor)|Martin Cooper]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/8639590.stm | work=BBC News |title=Meet the man who invented the mobile phone |date=2010-04-23 |accessdate=2010-05-08}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Periodic table]]'''
| [[Dmitri Mendeleev]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/atomic_structure/periodictablerev1.shtml | work=BBC - GCSE Bitesize |title=Mendeleev's periodic table |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref>
|Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, arranged the elements in an order that we would now recognise. He realised that the physical and chemical properties of elements were related to their atomic mass in a 'periodic' way, and arranged them so that groups of elements with similar properties fell into vertical columns in his table.
|-
| '''[[Plastics]]'''
| [[Leo Baekeland]]
| Baekeland was responsible for the creation of [[Bakelite]], an early marketable plastic, in 1907.
|-
| '''[[Printing press]]'''
| [[Johannes Gutenberg]]
|Inventor of the [[Printing press|movable type printing press]], which led to a sharp worldwide increase in [[literacy]], [[education]] and [[mass communication]]. It also led to the [[Democratization of knowledge|spread and sharing of knowledge]].
|-
| '''[[Radio]]'''
| [[Guglielmo Marconi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marconiusa.org/marconi/index.html|title=御神輿を担ぐ!!|website=Marconiusa.org|accessdate=12 October 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624084655/http://www.marconiusa.org/marconi/index.html|archivedate=24 June 2016}}</ref> <br />[[Jagdish Chandra Bose]]<ref>{{cite conference |title=Sir J.C. Bose and radio science |last1=Sen |first1=A. K. |date=1997 |publisher=IEEE |book-title=Microwave Symposium Digest |pages=557–560 |location=Denver, CO |conference=IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium |isbn=0-7803-3814-6 |doi=10.1109/MWSYM.1997.602854}}</ref>
|The research of these pioneers led to the [[invention of radio]]
|-
| '''[[Radio]]''' ([[Radio broadcasting]])
| [[Reginald Fessenden]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}} <br> [[David Sarnoff]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}
| Fessenden is credited as the first to broadcast radio signals on Christmas Eve, 1906. Sarnoff proposed a chain of radio stations to Marconi's associates in 1915.
|-
| '''[[Radio]]''' ([[FM radio]])
| [[Edwin H. Armstrong]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}
| Obtained the first [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) license to operate an [[FM station]] in [[Alpine, New Jersey]] at approximately 50 megahertz (1939)
|-
| '''[[Radiotelephony]]'''
| [[Reginald Fessenden]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Take Today; the Executive as Dropout|last=McLuhan|first=Marshall|author2=Barrington Nevitt|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|year=1972|isbn=978-0-15-187830-7|url=https://archive.org/details/taketodayexecuti00mars}} "Fessenden, the Forgotten Father of 'Wireless' Telephony" (section heading)[https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0151878307&id=nID6mwAvEiwC&q=fessenden+%22father+of%22&pgis=1]</ref><ref>Zuill, William S. (2001): ''The Forgotten Father of Radio", ''American Heritage of Science and Technology, 17(1)40–47, as cited in {{cite book|title=Lindbergh's Artificial Heart: More Fascinating True Stories From Einstein's Refrigerator|first=Steve|last=Silverman|isbn=978-0-7407-3340-6|year=2003|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing}} p. 160</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Spread spectrum]]'''
| [[Paul Beard (inventor)|Paul Beard]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.modelaircraft.org/files/BeardPaul.pdf |title=Untitled Page |accessdate=2016-01-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220182902/https://www.modelaircraft.org/files/BeardPaul.pdf |archivedate=2015-12-20 }}</ref>
| Inventor of the spread spectrum, created [[Spektrum RC|Spektrum]] to promote its use.
|-
| '''[[Telephone]]'''
| [[Johann Philipp Reis]] <br /> [[Antonio Meucci]] <br /> [[Alexander Graham Bell]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Van Meggelen | first=Jim | authorlink= | author2=Jared Smith | author3=Leif Madsen | year=2005 | title=Asterisk: The Future of Telephony | publisher=O'Reilly | location= | isbn=978-0-596-00962-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780596009625 }}, p. 190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."</ref>
| See [[Invention of the telephone]]
|-
| '''[[Television]]'''
| [[Philo T. Farnsworth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/F/htmlF/farnsworthp/farnsworthp.htm |work=Society of Television Engineers |title=Philo Farnsworth |accessdate=2013-08-21 |quote=Isn't it about time that Philo Farnsworth gets some credit??? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713085015/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/F/htmlF/farnsworthp/farnsworthp.htm |archive-date=2007-07-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Vladimir Zworykin]]<ref name="Zworykin_IEEE">{{cite web |url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Vladimir_Zworykin |title=Zworykin at IEEE Global History Network |accessdate=2008-03-03|quote=the oft-called Father of Television Vladimir Zworykin}}</ref><ref name="Zworykin_MuseumTV">{{cite web |url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/Z/htmlZ/zworykinvla/zworykinvla.htm |title=Zworykin at Museum.TV |accessdate=2008-03-03|quote="inventor Vladimir Zworykin is often described as "the father of television"."}}</ref>

[[John Logie Baird]]<ref>
{{cite web
| title = John Logie Baird: TV Inventor
| url = http://www.sydenham.org.uk/john_logie_baird.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-26
| quote = John Logie Baird invented Television in 1926. His initial TV system was electro-mechanical. He (later) embraced electronic TV and developed the world's first color television system.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = The World's First High Definition Color Television System
| url = http://www.bairdtelevision.com/colour.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-26
| quote =
}}</ref>
| Co-Inventors of the Electronic Television. Farnsworth invented the [[Image dissector]] while Zworykin created the [[Iconoscope]], both fully electronic forms of television. Logie Baird invented the world's first working television system, also the first electronic [[color television]] system.
|-
| '''[[Tokamak]]'''
| [[Lev Artsimovich]]
|
|-
| '''[[Tube (structure)|Tube structure]]'''
| [[Fazlur Rahman Khan]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Engineering Legends|first=Richard|last=Weingardt|publisher=[[American Society of Civil Engineers|ASCE Publications]]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7844-0801-8|page=75}}</ref>
| One of the greatest engineers of the 20th century. Invented the tube [[structural system]] and first employed it in his designs for the [[DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments]], [[John Hancock Center]] and [[Sears Tower]].
|-
| '''[[Video game console]]'''
| [[Ralph H. Baer]]
| Creator of the ''[[Magnavox Odyssey]]''; inventor of the first [[video game console]]
|}

==Towns, cities, and regions==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width="225px"| Subject
!width="250px"| Father/Mother
! Reason
|-
| '''[[British Columbia]]'''
| [[James Douglas (governor)|James Douglas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler04/frames/douglas.htm |title=BC Archives: Sir James Douglas |accessdate=12 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605084512/http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler04/frames/douglas.htm |archivedate=5 June 2013 }}</ref>
| Fur trader and manager for the [[North West Company]] and [[Hudson's Bay Company]], Governor of the [[Colony of Vancouver Island]] and first Governor of the [[Colony of British Columbia]].
|-
| '''[[Lan Kwai Fong]]'''
| [[Allan Zeman]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_429594.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924090243/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_429594.html |archivedate=2009-09-24 }}</ref>
| Noted for turning a small square of streets in [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], into a thriving [[bar (establishment)|bar]] and [[night life]] districts in [[Hong Kong]].
|-
| '''[[Miami|Miami, Florida]]'''
| [[Henry Flagler]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://http |title=Henry Flagler, his town, and the fire |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114075411/http://http// |last=Beasley |first=Adam H. |date=February 4, 2012 |archivedate=January 14, 2016 |accessdate=2012-08-05 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
| Builder of the [[Florida East Coast Railway]]
|-
| '''[[San Bernardino County, California]]'''
| [[Jefferson Hunt]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sbcsentinel.com/2015/01/jefferson-hunt-the-father-of-san-bernardino-county/|title=Jefferson Hunt – The Father Of San Bernardino County - SBCSentinel|website=sbcsentinel.com}}</ref>
| Captain in the Mormon Battalion (1846), California State Legislator (1852), Brigadier General of the California Militia (1855)
|}

===Transport===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width="225px"| Subject
!width="250px"| Father/mother
! Reason
|-
| '''20th century [[Automotive industry in the United States|American car industry]]'''
| [[Henry Ford]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trendsupdates.com/henry-ford-father-of-20th-century-american-industry/|title=Henry Ford: Father of 20th century American industry|website=Trendsupdates.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
| Noted for introducing a simple and affordable car for the ordinary American masses.
|-
| '''American [[Interstate Highway System]]'''
| [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]<ref name="U.S. Dept. of Transportation.">{{cite web |url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/faq.htm |work=Federal Highway Administration |title=Frequently Asked Questions |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
| Proposed and signed the act which created the System
|-
| '''[[Automatic transmission]]'''
| [[Oscar Banker]]<ref name=Armenian>{{cite web|title=Oscar H. Banker Asadour Sarafian|url=http://armenianarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Armenian-Arts-January-2012.pdf|publisher=Armenian Arts|accessdate=27 February 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723093717/http://armenianarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Armenian-Arts-January-2012.pdf|archivedate=23 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=george>{{cite book|last=Mouradian|first=George|title=Armenian infotext|year=1995|publisher=Bookshelf Publishers|location=Southgate, Mich.|isbn=9780963450920|edition=1st}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Flight simulator]]'''
| [[Edwin Albert Link]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.binghamton.edu/watson/professional-development/programs/flight-simulation/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-04-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507222300/http://www.binghamton.edu/watson/professional-development/programs/flight-simulation/ |archivedate=2013-05-07 }}</ref>
| Developed the [[Link Trainer]]
|-
| '''[[Bicycle suspension|Full-suspension]] mountain bike'''
| Jon Whyte<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bikemagic.com/news/jon-whyte-leaves-atb-sales.html|title=Jon Whyte leaves ATB Sales - Bike Magic|website=Bikemagic.com|accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref>
|Used his suspension design expertise at [[Benetton Formula]] to design the first full-suspension mountain bike for [[Marin Bikes]].
|-
| '''Electric Automobile''' (Flocken Elektrowagen)
| [[Andreas Flocken]]
|
|-
| '''Gasoline Automobile''' ([[Benz Patent-Motorwagen]])
| [[Carl Benz]]
|
|-
| '''Gasoline [[Bus|Omnibus]]'''
| [[Carl Benz]]
|
|-
| '''Gasoline [[Motorcycle]]''' ([[Daimler Reitwagen]])
| [[Gottlieb Daimler]]/[[Wilhelm Maybach]]
|
|-
| Gasoline [[Truck]]
| [[Gottlieb Daimler]] (DMG Lastkraftwagen)/[[Carl Benz]]
|
|-
| '''High-performance [[Volkswagen|VW]] industry'''
| [[Gene Berg (customizer)|Gene Berg]]<ref name="vwtrendsweb">{{cite web|url=http://www.vwtrendsweb.com/features/0106vwt_people/index.html |title=Who's Who of Volkswagen |author=VW Trends - TEN: The Enthusiast Network |date=26 March 2009 |work=VW Trends |accessdate=10 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415014439/http://www.vwtrendsweb.com/features/0106vwt_people/index.html |archivedate=15 April 2012 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Hot rod]]'''
| [[Ed Winfield]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hemmings.com/mus/stories/2008/02/01/hmn_feature17.html|title=Ed Winfield|website=Hemmings.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Import scene|Import car culture]]'''
| [[RJ DeVera]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.versusmotorsport.com/about_us.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603104831/http://www.versusmotorsport.com/about_us.php |archivedate=2009-06-03 }}</ref>
| Influential for popularizing the import car scene in the mid-1990s.
|-
| '''[[Kustom Kulture]]'''
| [[Kenny Howard|Von Dutch]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotrod.com/eventcoverage/kustom_kulture_tribute/index.html|title=A Tribute to a Founding Father of Kustom Kulture|date=1 December 2000|work=Hot Rod|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Maglev]]'''
| [[Hermann Kemper]]
|
|-
| '''[[Monster truck]]'''
| [[Bigfoot (truck)|Bob Chandler]]<ref>[http://mthof.angelfire.com/CLASS2008.html] {{dead link|date=January 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|Famed for building [[Bigfoot (truck)|Bigfoot]], which was the first to be capable of driving over cars and subsequently became one of the most famous monster truck in history
|-
| '''[[Mountain bike]]'''
| [[Gary Fisher]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bvv.cz/i2000/Akce/b-slife.nsf/WWWAllPDocsID/BEXP-7L6PQ9?OpenDocument&LANG=GB&NAV=1&ID=0 |title=Gary Fisher's busy day |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223160833/http://www.bvv.cz/i2000/Akce/b-slife.nsf/WWWAllPDocsID/BEXP-7L6PQ9?OpenDocument&LANG=GB&NAV=1&ID=0 |archivedate=2008-12-23 |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Rock crawling|Rock Crawling]]'''
| [[Marlin Czajkowski]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marlincrawler.com/about#passion|title=About|website=Marlincrawler.com|accessdate=10 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130128082819/http://www.marlincrawler.com/about#passion|archivedate=28 January 2013}}</ref>
|In 1994, Marlin made [[final drive]] ratios of 200:1 and lower possible in typical off road vehicles (primarily Toyota Hilux trucks) and changed the way people access remote [[Off roading|off-roading]] destinations.
|-
| '''[[Rotary engine]]'''
| [[Felix Wankel]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20031012203809/http://irishcar.com/wankelge.htm]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rotorhead.ca/articles/2002/12/22/felix-wankel-bio/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-09-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023180558/http://www.rotorhead.ca/articles/2002/12/22/felix-wankel-bio/ |archivedate=2010-10-23 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[U.S. Highway 66|Route 66]]'''
| [[Cyrus Avery]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Steil | first=Tim | authorlink= | year=2000 | title=Route 66 | publisher=MBI Publishing Company | location=| isbn=978-0-7603-0747-2|page=18|quote=Avery, though dubbed the 'Father of Route 66' by some, was a political appointee who also left office the next year.}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Car tailfin|Tailfin]]'''
| [[Harley Earl]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X91l3wqJnikC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=%22father+of+the+tail+fin%22#q=%22father%20of%20the%20tail%20fin%22 |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780807895726 |pages=360 |title=Real NASCAR: White Lightning, Red Clay, and Big Bill France |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/07/travel/driving-most-cars-are-born-as-models-of-clay.html?src=pm | work=The New York Times | first=Dan | last=McCosh | title=DRIVING; Most Cars Are Born As Models of Clay | date=2003-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.retrofuture.com/index.php/2009/01/24/harley-earls-dream-car-the-firebird-iii/ |title=This website is currently unavailable |accessdate=2010-12-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727070510/http://www.retrofuture.com/index.php/2009/01/24/harley-earls-dream-car-the-firebird-iii/ |archivedate=2011-07-27 }}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Traffic safety]]'''
| [[William Phelps Eno]]<ref name="Eno Transportation Foundation">{{cite web |url=http://www.enotrans.com/WhoWeAre_EnoBio.htm |work=Eno Transportation Foundation |title=William Phelps Eno |accessdate=2013-08-21}}</ref>
|
|-
| '''[[Trolleybus]]''' ([[Electromote]]) '''
| [[Werner von Siemens]]
|
|-
| '''[[Turbocharged petrol engines|Turbocharged engine]]'''
| [[Paul Rosche]]<ref name="bmwgroup.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-congratulates-paul-rosche-the-father-of-the-formula-one-world-championship-engine-turns-80-today&outputChannelId=6&id=T0175547EN&left_menu_item=node__5249|title=BMW congratulates Paul Rosche: The "father" of the Formula One World Championship engine turns 80 today.|publisher=BMW Group|accessdate=3 January 2016}}</ref>
| A lifetime employee of [[BMW]], he evolutionized the turbocharged engine into automobile use. He also developed the first European turbocharged car, the racing 1969 [[BMW New Class|BMW 2002]] TiK that evolved into the production 1972 2002 Turbo.
|-
| '''[[school bus|Yellow school bus]]'''
| [[Frank W. Cyr]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The School As a Safe Haven|first=Rollin J.|last=Watson|year=2002|publisher = Bergen Garvey/Greenwood|isbn=978-0-89789-900-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNbd6oIXm0MC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30|page=30|quote=The modern school bus began in a conference in 1939 called by Frank W. Cyr, the 'Father of the Yellow School' bus, who was a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. At that meeting, Cyr urged the standardization of the school bus. Participants came up with the standard yellow color and some basic construction standards. Cyr had... found that children were riding in all sorts of vehicles&mdash;one district, he found, was painting their buses red, white, and blue to instill patriotism.}}</ref>
|
|}

== 五十音順 ==
=== あ行 ===


* [[アルベルト・アインシュタイン]] - 現代物理学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=天才物理学者アインシュタインの知られざる10の素顔 ~相対性理論並に不可解な人物像~【前篇】 (2014年12月26日)|url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Tocana_201412_post_5453/|website=エキサイトニュース|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=【私には特殊な才能はありません。ただ、 熱狂的な好奇心があるだけです】 アインシュタイン |今週の名言|福島みんなのNEWS - 福島ニュース 福島情報 イベント情報 企業・店舗情報 インタビュー記事|url=http://fukushima-net.com/sites/meigen/2497|website=fukushima-net.com|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>
* [[アルベルト・アインシュタイン]] - 現代物理学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=天才物理学者アインシュタインの知られざる10の素顔 ~相対性理論並に不可解な人物像~【前篇】 (2014年12月26日)|url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Tocana_201412_post_5453/|website=エキサイトニュース|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=【私には特殊な才能はありません。ただ、 熱狂的な好奇心があるだけです】 アインシュタイン |今週の名言|福島みんなのNEWS - 福島ニュース 福島情報 イベント情報 企業・店舗情報 インタビュー記事|url=http://fukushima-net.com/sites/meigen/2497|website=fukushima-net.com|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>
45行目: 1,020行目:
* [[小野正吉]](おの・まさきち) - 日本のフランス料理の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=小野正吉の写真、名言、年表、子孫を徹底紹介|url=https://showa-g.org/men/view/214|website=昭和ガイド|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=OPINION「元ホテルオ-クラエンタープライズ洋食調理顧問 浜﨑日出夫」|url=http://www.moppara-web.jp/?p=2917|website=www.moppara-web.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref>
* [[小野正吉]](おの・まさきち) - 日本のフランス料理の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=小野正吉の写真、名言、年表、子孫を徹底紹介|url=https://showa-g.org/men/view/214|website=昭和ガイド|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=OPINION「元ホテルオ-クラエンタープライズ洋食調理顧問 浜﨑日出夫」|url=http://www.moppara-web.jp/?p=2917|website=www.moppara-web.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref>


== か行 ==
=== か行 ===


* [[ロバート・カーン]] - インターネットの父<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=インターネットの世界を変えた24人|url=https://www.webcreatorbox.com/webinfo/people-changed-internet|website=Webクリエイターボックス|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=「インターネットの殿堂」が誕生、エンジニアや経営者ら33人が殿堂入り|url=https://wired.jp/2012/04/26/isoc-hall-of-fame/|website=WIRED.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja|last=CNJ}}</ref>
* [[ロバート・カーン]] - インターネットの父<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=インターネットの世界を変えた24人|url=https://www.webcreatorbox.com/webinfo/people-changed-internet|website=Webクリエイターボックス|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=「インターネットの殿堂」が誕生、エンジニアや経営者ら33人が殿堂入り|url=https://wired.jp/2012/04/26/isoc-hall-of-fame/|website=WIRED.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja|last=CNJ}}</ref>
71行目: 1,046行目:
* [[ロベルト・コッホ]] - 近代細菌学の父、病原微生物学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=くすり研究所 {{!}} 日本製薬工業協会|url=http://www.jpma.or.jp/junior/kusurilabo/|website=www.jpma.or.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kyushu University, Medical Library Collections|url=https://www.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/hp_db_f/igaku/expl/koch.html|website=www.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kitasato.ac.jp/jp/albums/abm.php?f=abm00024011.pdf&n=12_トピックス(ローベルト・コッホ).pdf|title=ローベルト・コッホ博 士について|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[ロベルト・コッホ]] - 近代細菌学の父、病原微生物学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=くすり研究所 {{!}} 日本製薬工業協会|url=http://www.jpma.or.jp/junior/kusurilabo/|website=www.jpma.or.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kyushu University, Medical Library Collections|url=https://www.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/hp_db_f/igaku/expl/koch.html|website=www.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kitasato.ac.jp/jp/albums/abm.php?f=abm00024011.pdf&n=12_トピックス(ローベルト・コッホ).pdf|title=ローベルト・コッホ博 士について|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>


== さ行 ==
=== さ行 ===


* [[ヴィントン・サーフ]] - インターネットの父<ref name=":42" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=「インターネットの父」ヴィントン・サーフ氏が語るインターネット40年と未来|url=https://techtarget.itmedia.co.jp/tt/news/1310/08/news01.html|website=TechTargetジャパン|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/press_release/2012/kr7a4300000ayd47-att/120907_1.pdf|title=インターネットの父 ヴィントン・サーフ氏に 慶應義塾大学名誉博士の称号を授与|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[ヴィントン・サーフ]] - インターネットの父<ref name=":42" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=「インターネットの父」ヴィントン・サーフ氏が語るインターネット40年と未来|url=https://techtarget.itmedia.co.jp/tt/news/1310/08/news01.html|website=TechTargetジャパン|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/press_release/2012/kr7a4300000ayd47-att/120907_1.pdf|title=インターネットの父 ヴィントン・サーフ氏に 慶應義塾大学名誉博士の称号を授与|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>
100行目: 1,075行目:
*[[イグナーツ・ゼンメルワイス|イグナッツ・ゼンメルワイス]] - 感染制御の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=感染制御の父 イグナッツ・ゼンメルワイス {{!}} 日本BD|url=https://www.bdj.co.jp//safety/articles/ignazzo/1f3pro00000sihs4.html|website=www.bdj.co.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=感染防ぐ「手指消毒」を導入したハンガリーの医師:朝日新聞デジタル|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL1L5RTML1LUBQU00Y.html|website=朝日新聞デジタル|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref>
*[[イグナーツ・ゼンメルワイス|イグナッツ・ゼンメルワイス]] - 感染制御の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=感染制御の父 イグナッツ・ゼンメルワイス {{!}} 日本BD|url=https://www.bdj.co.jp//safety/articles/ignazzo/1f3pro00000sihs4.html|website=www.bdj.co.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=感染防ぐ「手指消毒」を導入したハンガリーの医師:朝日新聞デジタル|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL1L5RTML1LUBQU00Y.html|website=朝日新聞デジタル|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref>


== た行 ==
=== た行 ===


* [[高柳健次郎]](たかやなぎ・けんじろう) - テレビの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=20世紀最大のメディア「テレビ」を創ったひと、高柳健次郎博士の軌跡|url=https://www.titech.ac.jp/about/stories/kenjiro_takayanagi.html|website=東京工業大学|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=高柳健次郎|NHK人物録|url=https://www2.nhk.or.jp/archives/jinbutsu/detail.cgi?das_id=D0009250045_00000|website=NHK人物録 {{!}} NHKアーカイブス|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja|last=NHK}}</ref>
* [[高柳健次郎]](たかやなぎ・けんじろう) - テレビの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=20世紀最大のメディア「テレビ」を創ったひと、高柳健次郎博士の軌跡|url=https://www.titech.ac.jp/about/stories/kenjiro_takayanagi.html|website=東京工業大学|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=高柳健次郎|NHK人物録|url=https://www2.nhk.or.jp/archives/jinbutsu/detail.cgi?das_id=D0009250045_00000|website=NHK人物録 {{!}} NHKアーカイブス|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja|last=NHK}}</ref>
118行目: 1,093行目:
* [[トーマス・トンピオン]] - イギリス時計産業の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=テンプの発明とシリンダー脱進機 {{!}} THE SEIKO MUSEUM GINZA セイコーミュージアム 銀座|url=https://museum.seiko.co.jp/|website=THE SEIKO MUSEUM セイコーミュージアム|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=グラハム|url=https://www.webchronos.net/dictionary/10509/|website=高級腕時計専門誌クロノス日本版[webChronos]|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[トーマス・トンピオン]] - イギリス時計産業の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=テンプの発明とシリンダー脱進機 {{!}} THE SEIKO MUSEUM GINZA セイコーミュージアム 銀座|url=https://museum.seiko.co.jp/|website=THE SEIKO MUSEUM セイコーミュージアム|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=グラハム|url=https://www.webchronos.net/dictionary/10509/|website=高級腕時計専門誌クロノス日本版[webChronos]|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref>


== な行 ==
=== な行 ===


* [[中村裕 (医師)|中村裕]](なかむら・ゆたか) - 日本パラリンピックの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=日本パラリンピックの父 大分 別府市 - 企画記事 - 東京オリンピック・パラリンピックガイド|url=https://2020.yahoo.co.jp/minnano2020/nhk/25|website=Yahoo! JAPAN|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=父は「日本パラリンピックの父」、中村太郎・日本障がい者スポーツ協会医学委員に聞く「コロナの影響」(西日本スポーツ)|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/ee2c4c3d0d32e89bc455a199ecd289b2fc99b179|website=Yahoo!ニュース|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[中村裕 (医師)|中村裕]](なかむら・ゆたか) - 日本パラリンピックの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=日本パラリンピックの父 大分 別府市 - 企画記事 - 東京オリンピック・パラリンピックガイド|url=https://2020.yahoo.co.jp/minnano2020/nhk/25|website=Yahoo! JAPAN|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=父は「日本パラリンピックの父」、中村太郎・日本障がい者スポーツ協会医学委員に聞く「コロナの影響」(西日本スポーツ)|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/ee2c4c3d0d32e89bc455a199ecd289b2fc99b179|website=Yahoo!ニュース|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref>
128行目: 1,103行目:
* [[ソンドレ・ノルハイム]] - 近代スキーの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=12日に東京五輪聖火採火式…「雨などで火がつけられなかったら?」Q&A集|url=https://hochi.news/articles/20200310-OHT1T50168.html|website=スポーツ報知|date=2020-03-12|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.well-do.com/wp201805/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/welldo029.pdf|title=WELL-DO Winter 2014 Vol.29|accessdate=2020年10月7日|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[ソンドレ・ノルハイム]] - 近代スキーの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=12日に東京五輪聖火採火式…「雨などで火がつけられなかったら?」Q&A集|url=https://hochi.news/articles/20200310-OHT1T50168.html|website=スポーツ報知|date=2020-03-12|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.well-do.com/wp201805/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/welldo029.pdf|title=WELL-DO Winter 2014 Vol.29|accessdate=2020年10月7日|publisher=}}</ref>


== は行 ==
=== は行 ===


* [[ウィリアム・バード]] - ブリタニア音楽の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=ウィリアム・バード - TOWER RECORDS ONLINE|url=https://tower.jp/artist/100078|website=tower.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ブリタニア音楽の父 {{!}} History of music|url=https://history-of-music.com/tag/%e3%83%96%e3%83%aa%e3%82%bf%e3%83%8b%e3%82%a2%e9%9f%b3%e6%a5%bd%e3%81%ae%e7%88%b6|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spaceshowermusic.com/release/20815550/|title=粟田口節子 バード:鍵盤作品集|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[ウィリアム・バード]] - ブリタニア音楽の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=ウィリアム・バード - TOWER RECORDS ONLINE|url=https://tower.jp/artist/100078|website=tower.jp|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ブリタニア音楽の父 {{!}} History of music|url=https://history-of-music.com/tag/%e3%83%96%e3%83%aa%e3%82%bf%e3%83%8b%e3%82%a2%e9%9f%b3%e6%a5%bd%e3%81%ae%e7%88%b6|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spaceshowermusic.com/release/20815550/|title=粟田口節子 バード:鍵盤作品集|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>
166行目: 1,141行目:
* [[アルバート・ホフマン (化学者)|アルベルト・ホフマン]] - LSDの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=「LSDの父」、ホフマン氏死去|url=https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2385492|website=www.afpbb.com|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LSDの生みの親、アルバート・ホフマン氏の死から10年|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/jpn/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AE%E6%99%82-_lsd%E3%81%AE%E7%94%9F%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%AA-%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88-%E3%83%9B%E3%83%95%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E6%B0%8F%E3%81%8C%E6%AD%BB%E5%8E%BB/44080898|website=SWI swissinfo.ch|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja|last=(英語からの翻訳・宇田薫)}}</ref>
* [[アルバート・ホフマン (化学者)|アルベルト・ホフマン]] - LSDの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=「LSDの父」、ホフマン氏死去|url=https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2385492|website=www.afpbb.com|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LSDの生みの親、アルバート・ホフマン氏の死から10年|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/jpn/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AE%E6%99%82-_lsd%E3%81%AE%E7%94%9F%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%AA-%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88-%E3%83%9B%E3%83%95%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E6%B0%8F%E3%81%8C%E6%AD%BB%E5%8E%BB/44080898|website=SWI swissinfo.ch|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja|last=(英語からの翻訳・宇田薫)}}</ref>


== ま行 ==
=== ま行 ===


* [[政岡憲三]](まさおか・けんぞう) - 日本のアニメの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=日本アニメの創始者をご存知ですか?【鈴木杏樹のいってらっしゃい】|url=https://news.1242.com/article/118734|website=ニッポン放送 NEWS ONLINE|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>
* [[政岡憲三]](まさおか・けんぞう) - 日本のアニメの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=日本アニメの創始者をご存知ですか?【鈴木杏樹のいってらっしゃい】|url=https://news.1242.com/article/118734|website=ニッポン放送 NEWS ONLINE|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>
178行目: 1,153行目:
* [[ヘンリー・モーズリー (技術者)|ヘンリー・モーズレイ]] - 工作機械の父、旋盤の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=ヤマザキマザック:サポート:アフターサービス:クロスボーダービジネスサポート:英国編|url=https://www.mazak.jp/customer-support/cross-border-business-support/uk/|website=www.mazak.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ネジの雑学 {{!}} 大量生産と精密さを両立させたヘンリー・モーズリー {{!}} オノウエ株式会社|url=https://www.onoue1950.co.jp/nejichishiki/rekishi02/3080/|website=ネジ・ボルト・ナットのお見積り{{!}}ねじ販売のオノウエ株式会社|date=2020-01-07|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=名古屋市科学館 {{!}} 科学館を利用する {{!}} 展示ガイド {{!}} キーワード検索 {{!}} 「こ」ではじまるキーワード {{!}}キーワード【工作機械】 {{!}} けずる|url=http://www.ncsm.city.nagoya.jp/cgi-bin/visit/exhibition_guide/exhibit.cgi?id=S312&key=%E3%81%93&keyword=%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0|website=www.ncsm.city.nagoya.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>
* [[ヘンリー・モーズリー (技術者)|ヘンリー・モーズレイ]] - 工作機械の父、旋盤の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=ヤマザキマザック:サポート:アフターサービス:クロスボーダービジネスサポート:英国編|url=https://www.mazak.jp/customer-support/cross-border-business-support/uk/|website=www.mazak.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ネジの雑学 {{!}} 大量生産と精密さを両立させたヘンリー・モーズリー {{!}} オノウエ株式会社|url=https://www.onoue1950.co.jp/nejichishiki/rekishi02/3080/|website=ネジ・ボルト・ナットのお見積り{{!}}ねじ販売のオノウエ株式会社|date=2020-01-07|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=名古屋市科学館 {{!}} 科学館を利用する {{!}} 展示ガイド {{!}} キーワード検索 {{!}} 「こ」ではじまるキーワード {{!}}キーワード【工作機械】 {{!}} けずる|url=http://www.ncsm.city.nagoya.jp/cgi-bin/visit/exhibition_guide/exhibit.cgi?id=S312&key=%E3%81%93&keyword=%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0|website=www.ncsm.city.nagoya.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>


== や行 ==
=== や行 ===


* [[山尾庸三]](やまお・ようぞう) - 工学の父<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inpit.go.jp/content/100488241.pdf|title=工学の父、山尾庸三|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[山尾庸三]](やまお・ようぞう) - 工学の父<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inpit.go.jp/content/100488241.pdf|title=工学の父、山尾庸三|accessdate=2020年10月6日|publisher=}}</ref>
184行目: 1,159行目:
* [[山田顕義]](やまだ・あきよし) - 日本近代法の父<ref name=":62" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=KANDAアーカイブ:神田資料室|url=http://www.kandagakkai.org/archives/article.php?id=000192&theme=005&limit=20&start=0&sort=c|website=www.kandagakkai.org|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref>
* [[山田顕義]](やまだ・あきよし) - 日本近代法の父<ref name=":62" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=KANDAアーカイブ:神田資料室|url=http://www.kandagakkai.org/archives/article.php?id=000192&theme=005&limit=20&start=0&sort=c|website=www.kandagakkai.org|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref>


== ら行 ==
=== ら行 ===


* [[アーネスト・ラザフォード]] - 原子物理学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=8月30日 物理学者のラザフォードが生まれる(1871年)(ブルーバックス編集部)|url=https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/66579|website=ブルーバックス {{!}} 講談社|date=2019-08-30|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=原子核の発見から100周年|url=https://www.kek.jp/ja/newsroom/2011/06/02/1319/|website=ニュースルーム|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[アーネスト・ラザフォード]] - 原子物理学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=8月30日 物理学者のラザフォードが生まれる(1871年)(ブルーバックス編集部)|url=https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/66579|website=ブルーバックス {{!}} 講談社|date=2019-08-30|accessdate=2020-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=原子核の発見から100周年|url=https://www.kek.jp/ja/newsroom/2011/06/02/1319/|website=ニュースルーム|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=ja}}</ref>
197行目: 1,172行目:
* [[カール=グスタフ・ロスビー]] - 近代気象学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=ロスビーとは|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC-152906|website=コトバンク|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja|first=ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典,百科事典マイペディア,世界大百科事典 第2版,大辞林 第三版,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ),精選版|last=日本国語大辞典}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gpvjma.ccs.hpcc.jp/~tanaka/ugomeku/lingo/Rossby_Wave.pdf|title=ロスビー波 (Rossby wave)|accessdate=2020年10月7日|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[カール=グスタフ・ロスビー]] - 近代気象学の父<ref>{{Cite web|title=ロスビーとは|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC-152906|website=コトバンク|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja|first=ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典,百科事典マイペディア,世界大百科事典 第2版,大辞林 第三版,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ),精選版|last=日本国語大辞典}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gpvjma.ccs.hpcc.jp/~tanaka/ugomeku/lingo/Rossby_Wave.pdf|title=ロスビー波 (Rossby wave)|accessdate=2020年10月7日|publisher=}}</ref>


== わ行 ==
=== わ行 ===


* [[渡辺勇次郎]](わたなべ・ゆうじろう) - 日本ボクシングの父、ボクシングの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=「日本ボクシングの父」渡辺勇次郎展の計画始動 矢板で親族ら|地域の話題,県内主要|下野新聞「SOON」ニュース|下野新聞 SOON(スーン)|url=https://www.shimotsuke.co.jp/articles/-/144433|website=下野新聞 SOON|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ボクシングの伝来と協会の歴史 > ボクシングの歴史 l プロボクシング協会|url=http://jpba.gr.jp/history/origin/origin_03.html|website=jpba.gr.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>
* [[渡辺勇次郎]](わたなべ・ゆうじろう) - 日本ボクシングの父、ボクシングの父<ref>{{Cite web|title=「日本ボクシングの父」渡辺勇次郎展の計画始動 矢板で親族ら|地域の話題,県内主要|下野新聞「SOON」ニュース|下野新聞 SOON(スーン)|url=https://www.shimotsuke.co.jp/articles/-/144433|website=下野新聞 SOON|accessdate=2020-10-07|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ボクシングの伝来と協会の歴史 > ボクシングの歴史 l プロボクシング協会|url=http://jpba.gr.jp/history/origin/origin_03.html|website=jpba.gr.jp|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref>

2020年10月7日 (水) 11:18時点における版

〇〇の父一覧(〇〇のちちいちらん)は、「歴史の父:ヘロドトス」「経済学の父:アダム・スミス」などと、とある分野の功績や実績などから「〇〇の父」と称される人物の一覧である。

本一覧では、英語文献でのみその存在が確認されたものについては、英語文献に掲載されていた通称をそのまま載せた上で、それに対応すると考えられる日本語訳を掲載している。

また、名前を五十音順に並べる際は、東洋人名はフルネームを、西洋人名などは一番下の名前を元に並べ替えるようにしている。

分野別

Fine art

Subject Father/mother Reason
Cowboy sculpture Frederic Remington[1] Created first bronze cowboy sculpture in 1895
Japanese Manga (comics) and Anime (animation) Osamu Tezuka Creator of Manga (Japanese comics) and Anime (Japanese Animation)

Games

Subject Father/mother Reason
3D gaming Yu Suzuki
John Carmack
Creator of Hang-On, Virtua Racing, Virtua Fighter and Shenmue
Creator of Wolfenstein 3D and Doom
Collectible Card Game Richard Garfield Creator of Magic:The Gathering
Miniature wargaming H. G. Wells[2] Publication of Little Wars
Modern video game Shigeru Miyamoto[3] Creator of Mario, Donkey Kong, The Legend of Zelda, Star Fox, F-Zero, Pikmin, and Wii
Role-playing game Gary Gygax[4] Creator of Dungeons & Dragons
Stealth game Hideo Kojima[5] Creator of the Metal Gear stealth-action games
Video game Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. Inventor of the first video game[疑問点]
Video game industry Ralph H. Baer Creator of the Magnavox Odyssey; inventor of the first home video game console
Wargaming Charles S. Roberts[6] Designer of tactics

Humanities

Military

Subject Father/mother Reason
Aerial warfare Oswald Boelcke The first to formalize rules of air fighting, which he presented as the Dicta Boelcke, also credited as being the first pilot to shoot down an aircraft
Atomic bomb Enrico Fermi[7]
Robert Oppenheimer[8]
Leó Szilárd[9]
Blitzkrieg Heinz Guderian[10][11]
The West's Hydrogen bomb Edward Teller[12]
Atomic submarine and "nuclear navy" Hyman G. Rickover[13][14][15]
Fourth Generation Warfare William S. Lind[要出典]
French sailing navy Jean-Baptiste Colbert[16] Built on the fleet of France inherited from Cardinal Richelieu
Naval special warfare Phil H. Bucklew[17] US Naval Officer and First Commanding Officer of Navy SEAL Team One
Naval tactical studies Paul Hoste[18] Jesuit Professor of Mathematics at the Royal College of the Marine in Toulon; wrote L'Art des Armées Navales (1697)
Luftwaffe and Luftstreitkräfte Oswald Boelcke[19]
Royal Air Force Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard[20]
The Soviet Union's Hydrogen Bomb Andrei Sakharov[21]
United States Airborne William C. Lee[22] First commander of the parachute school at Fort Benning, Georgia
United States Cavalry Kazimierz Pułaski[23] Brigadier-general and commander of the cavalry of the Continental Army (1770s)
United States Cavalry - Army of the West Stephen W. Kearney[24] Brigadier-general and commander of the Army of the West 1846
United States Navy John Adams[25]
Commodore John Barry[26]
Captain John Paul Jones[27]

Nations

Natural and social sciences

Sports

Subject Father/mother Reason
1:8 radio-controlled off-road buggy Yuichi Kanai (godfather)[28][29] Kyosho's lead designer and lifelong employee; best known for the Inferno series of cars, credited for redefining the class from being unreliable and fragile to being tough and user friendlier that helped his employer to lead the 1/8 buggy renaissance from the 1990s, becoming one of the most dominant cars of all time.
American football Walter Camp[30]
American motocross Edison Dye[31] Introduced motorcross to American riders
American road racing Cameron Argetsinger[32] Introduced the first US auto race that was dedicated to road courses at Watkins Glen
American sports car Fred Tone[33] Fred Tone was the engineer who designed the first sports car known as the American Underslung
American soccer Steve Ross (godfather)[34] created the New York Cosmos soccer team and imported a number of well known international footballers to the team in an attempt to bring interest to soccer in the US
Angling Izaak Walton[35] Author of The Compleat Angler
Argentine football Alexander Watson Hutton[36]
Argentine professional golf José Jurado[37]
Argentine winter sports Otto Meiling[38]
Association football Ebenezer Cobb Morley[39]
Australian rules football Tom Wills
H. C. A. Harrison
Baseball Henry Chadwick[40][41][42][43]
Taekwondo in India Puran Andrew Gurung[44]
Basketball James Naismith Created basketball
Black basketball Edwin Henderson Introduced the sport to the black community of Washington, D.C. in the first decade of the 20th century, and organized many early competitions for African Americans[45]
BMX Scot Breithaupt[46]
Brahma bull riding Earl W. Bascom[47]
Brazilian football Charles William Miller[48]
Camel Lights Jim Downing Built a racecar a season before it became the basis of a new lightweight prototype class in Template:IMSA[49]
Canadian rodeo O. Raymond Knight[50] Coined the rodeo term "stampede" and was world's first rodeo producer, rodeo stock contractor, and rodeo champion in 1902
Modern chess Wilhelm Steinitz First official world chess champion
Drag racing Wally Parks[51] Founder of the NHRA and organized the first legitimate drag race
Don Garlits[52] Innovator of drag racing safety
Eddie Hill[53] Regarded as the "Four Father" of drag racing for being the first to break the 5-second barrier. AKA "First in the Fours."
Drifting Kunimitsu Takahashi[54] Introduced an aggressive high speed cornering technique that became widely used for illicit purposes, which eventually became a sport
East Coast skateboarding Vinny Raffa (godfather)[55]
Florida skateboarding Bruce Walker (godfather)[56]
Modern football Ebenezer Cobb Morley[57]
Freestyle BMX Bob Haro[58][59]
Freestyle Motocross Mike Metzger (godfather)[60] [なぜ?]
Funny Car Dick Landy[61]
Modern gymnastic Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
Modern Handball Karl Schelenz
Ice hockey James Creighton Captained one of the two teams that participated in the first indoor hockey game on March 3, 1875 in Montreal
Import drag racing Frank Choi[62] Hosted one of the first events specifically for import cars in the mid-1990s to keep drivers out of street racing that progressed into a professional category
Italian football James Richardson Spensley[63] Associated with Genoa CFC; contributed to the modern day-variation of the game in Italy
William Garbutt[64] Laid the foundations of skilled coaching in Italian football
Japanese baseball Horace Wilson[65] Credited with introducing baseball in Japan
Hiroshi Hiraoka[66] Credited with establishing the first baseball team
Jogging Jim Fixx[67] Founding father[なぜ?]
Kart racing Art Ingels[68] Developed the world's first kart (1956)
Kenyan running Colm O'Connell[69] Founded the first running camp in Kenya
Lacrosse William George Beers[70][71][72][73] Codified the sport
Mexican taekwondo Dai-won Moon[74] Credited with introducing the sport to Mexico; founded school that has trained tens of thousands in the sport
Mississippi rodeo Earl W. Bascom
Weldon Bascom[75]
Produced the first rodeo in Columbia, Mississippi in 1935
Mixed martial arts Edward William Barton-Wright[76] Experimented 1898–1902 with Shinden Fudo Ryu jujutsu, Kodokan judo, British boxing, Swiss schwingen, French savate and a defensive la canne (stick fighting) style that had been developed by Pierre Vigny of Switzerland ,which led to the invention of Bartitsu
Model aviation Joseph S. Ott[77] Chicago Tribune, in an obituary, referred him as the father mainly for his designs of thousands of model aircraft spanning from the 1920s up to his death in 1986.
Modern bodybuilding Eugen Sandow[78]
Harold Zinkin[79] Called so by Arnold Schwarzenegger during a press statement on his passing in 2004; inventor of modern exercise machines
Modern boxing James Figg[80]
James J. Corbett[要出典]
Modern figure skating Jackson Haines[81] "Jackson Haines - The Father of Figure Skating," according to Roy Blakey
Modern football in Japan Dettmar Cramer[82]
Modern Rodeo Earl W. Bascom[83] Inventor of rodeo gear and equipment that made rodeo into a modern international sport
Modern tennis Jack Kramer[84] Creator of the "Open"-era tournaments and the Association of Tennis Professionals
Puroresu Rikidōzan[85]
Para-equestrian dressage Lee Pearson (godfather)[86] Most decorated para-equestrian rider of all time
Organized radio controlled racing Ted Longshaw[87] Regarded as a grandfather of the sport; founded an organization for racing in the United Kingdom (1971); founded governing bodies for organized racing in Europe (1973), the far east (1980) and worldwide (1979)
Roger Curtis Co-founder of Associated Electrics, one of the most significant R/C car brands; contributed to racing[88]
Modern sabre fencing Italo Santelli[89]
Modern surfing Duke Kahanamoku[90]
Rodeo bareback bronc riding Earl W. Bascom[91][92] Designed and made the first one-hand rigging in 1924
Rugby union A. G. Guillemard[93]
William Webb Ellis[94] "Who with a fine disregard for the rules of football as played in his time first took the ball in his arms and ran with it thus originating the distinctive feature of the rugby game".
Scuba diving Jacques Cousteau[95] Developed the aqua-lung jointly with Émile Gagnan; popularized scuba diving as a research diver, writer, and film and television producer and personality
Skateboarding Skip Engblom (godfather)[96]
Tony Hawk (godfather)[97]
Rodney Mullen (godfather)
Snooker Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain[98] Adopted the name and framed the rules in Ooty, India
Snowboarding Jake Burton Carpenter[99]
Stock car racing Bill France, Sr.[100][101] Founded the sanctioning body for stock car racing
Supercross Mike Goodwin[102] Organized the first supercross race
Telemark skiing Sondre Norheim[103]
Televised golf Frank Chirkinian[104][105] Personally responsible for much of the production conventions of modern golf broadcasting

Technology

Fields

Subject Father/mother Reason
Aerodynamics (modern) Sir George Cayley[106][107] Founding father of modern aerodynamics; first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight—weight, lift, drag, and thrust; modern airplane design is based on those discoveries
American landscape architecture Frederick Law Olmsted[108] Olmsted designed Central Park in New York City
Architecture Imhotep[109] Built the first pyramid
Astronautics Konstantin Tsiolkovsky[110]
Sergei Korolev[111]
Robert H. Goddard[112]
Hermann Oberth[113]
Aviation Father Francesco Lana-Terzi[114] and Abbas ibn Firnas[115][116][117] Ibn Firnas built the first human carrying glider and is reputed to have attempted two successful flights.[118][119] Wrote Prodromo alla Arte Maestra (1670); first to describe the geometry and physics of a flying vessel
British watchmaking Thomas Tompion[120]
Clinical trials James Lind[121] Conducted the first controlled clinical trial in the modern era of medicine, an investigation on using citrus food as a treatment for scurvy aboard HMS Salisbury in 1747
Computing Charles Babbage[122] Inventor of the analytical engine, which was never constructed in his lifetime
Cybernetics Norbert Wiener[123][124]
Gastrointestinal physiology William Beaumont[125]
Genetics Gregor Johann Mendel Founder of genetics.[126]
Green Revolution Norman Borlaug
Microscopy Antonie van Leeuwenhoek[127]
Information theory Claude Shannon[128]
Modern bladesmithing William F. Moran Founder of the American Bladesmith Society
Modern kinematics Ferdinand Freudenstein Applied digital computation to the kinematic synthesis of mechanisms[129]
Modern Knifemaking Bob Loveless Founder of the Knifemakers' Guild
Modern Linguistics Noam Chomsky
Nanotechnology Richard Smalley Nobel Prize Biography[130]
Photography Louis Daguerre[131]
Nicéphore Niépce[132]
William Henry Fox Talbot[133]
Thomas Wedgwood[134]
Robotics Al-Jazari[135][136]
Banū Mūsā brothers[137]
Al-Jazari Invented the first programmable humanoid robot in 1206[138]
The Bānu Musā brothers invented an automatic flute which may have been the first programmable machine
Western fiction novels Owen Wister Wister wrote the first fictional western novel "The Virginian" in 1902

Computing

Subject Father/mother Reason
C (programming language) Dennis Ritchie
Assembler Nathaniel Rochester[139]
Concurrent computing/Concurrent programming Edsger W. Dijkstra In his 2004 memoir, "A Programmer's Story: The Life of a Computer Pioneer", Per Brinch Hansen wrote that he used "Cooperating Sequential Processes" to guide his work implementing multiprogramming on the RC 4000, and described it saying, "One of the great works in computer programming, this masterpiece laid the conceptual foundation for concurrent programming."
Compiler John Backus Credited as having introduced the first complete compiler in 1957, although rudimental compilers (linker) were created by Grace Hopper in 1952 and by J. Halcombe Laning and Neal Zerlier (Laning and Zierler system) in 1954.
Computer Charles Babbage[140] The concepts he pioneered in his analytical engine later formed the basis of modern computers.
Alan Turing[141][142] Secret code breaker during WWII; invented the Turing machine (1936)
John V. Atanasoff[143] Invented the digital computer in the 1930s
Konrad Zuse[144] Invented world's first functional program-controlled computer
John von Neumann[145] Became "intrigued" with Turing's universal machine and later emphasised the importance of the stored-program concept for electronic computing (1945), including the possibility of allowing the machine to modify its own program in useful ways while running. John von Neumann is also considered to be the inventor of flowchart.
John W. Mauchly[146]
J.Presper Eckert[147]
Invented the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) in 1946. ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
Computer program Ada Lovelace Recognized by historians as the writer of the world's first computer program which was for the Charles Babbage Analytical Engine, but was never completed.
Internet Vint Cerf[148][149]
Bob Kahn[150]
Developed the Internet protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) during 1973-81, the two original protocols of the Internet protocol suite.[151] There were many other Internet pioneers involved in the creation of the Internet.
Microprocessor Federico Faggin

Marcian Hoff[152]

Stanley Mazor
Masatoshi Shima[153]

Designers of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004.
Packet switching Paul Baran[154]

Donald Davies[155]

Recognized by historians for independently inventing the concept of digital packet switching used in modern computer networking including the Internet.[156] Baran published a series of briefings and papers about dividing information into “message blocks” and sending it over distributed networks between 1960-64.[157] Davies conceived of and named the concept of packet switching in data communication networks in 1965.[158][159]

Larry Roberts learned about Davies' and Baran's work at the inaugural Symposium on Operating Systems Principles in October 1967. He and Leonard Kleinrock subsequently worked on the ARPANET, but their claims to have originated the concept of packet switching are disputed,[160][161][162] including by Robert Taylor,[163] Paul Baran[164] and Donald Davies.[165][166]

Pentium microprocessor Vinod Dham[167][168] The original Pentium (P5) was developed by a team of engineers, including John H. Crawford, chief architect of the original 386,[169] and Donald Alpert, who managed the architectural team. Dror Avnon managed the design of the FPU.[170] Dham was general manager of the P5 group.[171] Some media sources have called him the "father of the Pentium".
Personal computer Chuck Peddle[172] Developed the 6502 microprocessor, the KIM-1 and the Commodore PET
Henry Edward "Ed" Roberts[173]
André Truong Trong Thi[174]
Programmable logic controller Dick Morley[要出典]
Python (programming language) Guido van Rossum
Search engine Alan Emtage[175][176][177] Created Archie, a pre-Web search engine which pioneered many of the techniques used by subsequent search engines
SGML Charles Goldfarb[178]
Spreadsheet Dan Bricklin Invented the VisiCalc spreadsheet program, which was the killer application of the Apple II. VisiCalc is considered the first killer app in computer history.[179]
Self-stabilization (Self-stabilizing distributed systems) Edsger W. Dijkstra
Structured programming Edsger W. Dijkstra
World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee[180] The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Visual Basic Alan Cooper[181]
XML Jon Bosak[182]
Wi-Fi Vic Hayes

Inventions

Subject Father/mother Reason
AC induction motor Nikola Tesla Inventor of the AC induction motor, the foundation of the electric power grids worldwide for the transmission and distribution of electric power.
Airplane Wright brothers[183][184][185] Invented the first successful powered fixed-wing aircraft, upon which further aircraft designs, methods of flight, and aircraft control systems were based.
Air conditioning Willis Carrier[186]
Battery Alessandro Volta[187] Invented the first electrical battery, the Voltaic pile.
Chronograph George Graham[120][188] Referred so by Bernard Humbert of the Horology School of Bienne on his 1990 book The Chronograph as Graham was the first to construct a horological mechanism
Color photography Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky[189] A Russian chemist and photographer. He is best known for his pioneering work in color photography of early 20th-century Russia.
Compact Disc Kees Immink[190]
Ekranoplan Rostislav Alexeev[191] Alexeyev revolutionised the shipbuilding industry (though in secrecy) by inventing craft that use ground effect, whereby a wing traveling close to the ground is provided with a better lift-drag ratio - thereby enabling a combination of greater aircraft weight for less power and/or enhanced fuel economy.
Electric generator Michael Faraday Discoverer of electromagnetism. Inventor of the Faraday disk, the first electric generator and the Faraday cage.
Modern firearms John Moses Browning[192] Browning revolutionized the firearm industry with his automatic rifles that were manufactured by Winchester, Colt, Remington and Savage
Glow plug engine Ray Arden[193] Invented the first glow plug for model engines
Helicopter Igor Sikorsky[194] Invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based.
Instant noodle Momofuku Ando[195] Inventor of the instant noodle, also founder of Nissin Foods to produce and market them.
Japanese television Kenjiro Takayanagi[196][197]
Jet engine Frank Whittle[198][199]
Karaoke Daisuke Inoue[200] Inventor of the machine as a means of allowing people to sing without the need of a live back-up.
Laser Charles Hard Townes
Lightning prediction system Alexander Stepanovich Popov The first lightning prediction system, the Lightning detector, was invented in 1894 by Alexander Stepanovich Popov.
Marine chronometer John Harrison[201]
Mobile phone Martin Cooper[202]
Periodic table Dmitri Mendeleev[203] Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, arranged the elements in an order that we would now recognise. He realised that the physical and chemical properties of elements were related to their atomic mass in a 'periodic' way, and arranged them so that groups of elements with similar properties fell into vertical columns in his table.
Plastics Leo Baekeland Baekeland was responsible for the creation of Bakelite, an early marketable plastic, in 1907.
Printing press Johannes Gutenberg Inventor of the movable type printing press, which led to a sharp worldwide increase in literacy, education and mass communication. It also led to the spread and sharing of knowledge.
Radio Guglielmo Marconi[204]
Jagdish Chandra Bose[205]
The research of these pioneers led to the invention of radio
Radio (Radio broadcasting) Reginald Fessenden[要出典]
David Sarnoff[要出典]
Fessenden is credited as the first to broadcast radio signals on Christmas Eve, 1906. Sarnoff proposed a chain of radio stations to Marconi's associates in 1915.
Radio (FM radio) Edwin H. Armstrong[要出典] Obtained the first Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license to operate an FM station in Alpine, New Jersey at approximately 50 megahertz (1939)
Radiotelephony Reginald Fessenden[206][207]
Spread spectrum Paul Beard[208] Inventor of the spread spectrum, created Spektrum to promote its use.
Telephone Johann Philipp Reis
Antonio Meucci
Alexander Graham Bell[209]
See Invention of the telephone
Television Philo T. Farnsworth[210]

Vladimir Zworykin[211][212]

John Logie Baird[213][214]

Co-Inventors of the Electronic Television. Farnsworth invented the Image dissector while Zworykin created the Iconoscope, both fully electronic forms of television. Logie Baird invented the world's first working television system, also the first electronic color television system.
Tokamak Lev Artsimovich
Tube structure Fazlur Rahman Khan[215] One of the greatest engineers of the 20th century. Invented the tube structural system and first employed it in his designs for the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments, John Hancock Center and Sears Tower.
Video game console Ralph H. Baer Creator of the Magnavox Odyssey; inventor of the first video game console

Towns, cities, and regions

Subject Father/Mother Reason
British Columbia James Douglas[216] Fur trader and manager for the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, Governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island and first Governor of the Colony of British Columbia.
Lan Kwai Fong Allan Zeman[217] Noted for turning a small square of streets in Central, into a thriving bar and night life districts in Hong Kong.
Miami, Florida Henry Flagler[218] Builder of the Florida East Coast Railway
San Bernardino County, California Jefferson Hunt[219] Captain in the Mormon Battalion (1846), California State Legislator (1852), Brigadier General of the California Militia (1855)

Transport

Subject Father/mother Reason
20th century American car industry Henry Ford[220] Noted for introducing a simple and affordable car for the ordinary American masses.
American Interstate Highway System Dwight D. Eisenhower[221] Proposed and signed the act which created the System
Automatic transmission Oscar Banker[222][223]
Flight simulator Edwin Albert Link[224] Developed the Link Trainer
Full-suspension mountain bike Jon Whyte[225] Used his suspension design expertise at Benetton Formula to design the first full-suspension mountain bike for Marin Bikes.
Electric Automobile (Flocken Elektrowagen) Andreas Flocken
Gasoline Automobile (Benz Patent-Motorwagen) Carl Benz
Gasoline Omnibus Carl Benz
Gasoline Motorcycle (Daimler Reitwagen) Gottlieb Daimler/Wilhelm Maybach
Gasoline Truck Gottlieb Daimler (DMG Lastkraftwagen)/Carl Benz
High-performance VW industry Gene Berg[226]
Hot rod Ed Winfield[227]
Import car culture RJ DeVera[228] Influential for popularizing the import car scene in the mid-1990s.
Kustom Kulture Von Dutch[229]
Maglev Hermann Kemper
Monster truck Bob Chandler[230] Famed for building Bigfoot, which was the first to be capable of driving over cars and subsequently became one of the most famous monster truck in history
Mountain bike Gary Fisher[231]
Rock Crawling Marlin Czajkowski[232] In 1994, Marlin made final drive ratios of 200:1 and lower possible in typical off road vehicles (primarily Toyota Hilux trucks) and changed the way people access remote off-roading destinations.
Rotary engine Felix Wankel[233][234]
Route 66 Cyrus Avery[235]
Tailfin Harley Earl[236][237][238]
Traffic safety William Phelps Eno[239]
Trolleybus (Electromote) Werner von Siemens
Turbocharged engine Paul Rosche[240] A lifetime employee of BMW, he evolutionized the turbocharged engine into automobile use. He also developed the first European turbocharged car, the racing 1969 BMW 2002 TiK that evolved into the production 1972 2002 Turbo.
Yellow school bus Frank W. Cyr[241]

五十音順

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脚注

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  96. ^ The Godfather of skateboarding”. 2008年12月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年8月21日閲覧。
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  98. ^ History of Snooker including how snooker was invented, how snooker was named and how snooker has developed over the years”. Snookerclubs.com. 2017年8月10日閲覧。
  99. ^ NESCAFÉ 3in1 & Burton in an expectedly good snowboard combination”. 2011年8月24日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年8月21日閲覧。
  100. ^ "The Hall dinner and ceremony that also would include induction of William H.G. France, the father of stock car racing" Archived copy”. 2012年11月14日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年12月16日閲覧。
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  104. ^ Dolch, Craig (2011年3月4日). “Chirkinian's impact on televised golf can't be overstated”. PGATOUR.com. 2011年3月6日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年8月21日閲覧。 “Bringing sounds to golf is just part of the reason why Chirkinian — who is considered "the father of televised golf" — was elected February 9 into the World Golf Hall of Fame on an emergency vote.”
  105. ^ Goldstein, Richard (2011年3月5日). “Frank Chirkinian, the Father of Televised Golf, Dies at 84”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/06/sports/golf/06chirkinian.html 2013年8月21日閲覧. "Frank is universally regarded as the father of golf television,” Jim Nantz, CBS’s longtime lead golf announcer, told the PGA Tour Web site this year. “He invented it. He took a sport that no one knew how to televise and made it interesting. He brought the Masters tournament to life." 
  106. ^ "Sir George Carley (British Inventor and Scientist)". Britannica. 2009年7月26日閲覧English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft.
  107. ^ The Pioneers: Aviation and Airmodelling”. 2009年7月26日閲覧。 “Sir George Cayley, is sometimes called the 'Father of Aviation'. A pioneer in his field, he is credited with the first major breakthrough in heavier-than-air flight. He was the first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight—weight, lift, drag, and thrust—and their relationship and also the first to build a successful human carrying glider.”
  108. ^ https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/massachusetts_conservation/frederick_law_olmsted.html
  109. ^ Albert Gallatin Mackey, The Builder Magazine, December 1922, Volume VIII, Number 12, Part XVI.
  110. ^ Tsiolkovskiy”. Astronautix.com. 2016年1月10日閲覧。
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  112. ^ Goddard”. Astronautix.com. 2016年1月10日閲覧。
  113. ^ Oberth”. Astronautix.com. 2016年1月10日閲覧。
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  115. ^ Marshall Cavendish Reference. Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World. Marshall Cavendish, 2010 ISBN 9780761479291 p.106.
  116. ^ How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines By John H. Lienhard
  117. ^ Sustainable Aviation by T. Hikmet Karakoc, C. Ozgur Colpan, Onder Altuntas, Yasin Sohret
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  121. ^ Twyman, Richard (2004年9月22日). “A brief history of clinical trials”. The Human Genome. Wellcome Trust. 2009年12月15日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年8月29日閲覧。
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  126. ^ Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution: the history of an idea. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23693-6. https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8 
  127. ^ Lane, Nick (6 March 2015). "The Unseen World: Reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) 'Concerning Little Animal'." Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Apr; 370 (1666): doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0344
  128. ^ Collins, Graham P.. “Claude E. Shannon: Founder of Information Theory” (英語). Scientific American. 2020年1月23日閲覧。
  129. ^ Roth, Bernard (2007). “Ferdinand Freudenstein (1926–2006)”. Life and career of Ferdinand Freudenstein. History of Mechanism and Machine Science. 1. pp. 151–181. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6366-4_7. ISBN 978-1-4020-6365-7 
  130. ^ Richard E. Smalley - Biographical”. 2014年6月12日閲覧。
  131. ^ Barger, M. Susan; William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-8018-6458-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=FLTyvuWX6MMC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20 2013年8月21日閲覧. "Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre..." 
  132. ^ Barger, M. Susan; William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8018-6458-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=FLTyvuWX6MMC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17 2013年8月21日閲覧. "The first father of photography was Nicéphore Niépce...." 
  133. ^ Ellis, Roger (2001). Who's Who in Victorian Britain. Stackpole Books. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-8117-1640-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=V433uVHqzDcC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=%22father+of+photography%22 2013年8月21日閲覧. "cites book title: "A. H. Booth: William Henry Fox Talbot: father of photography, 1965"" 
  134. ^ Booth, Martin (1999). Opium: A History. St. Martin's Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-312-20667-3. https://archive.org/details/opiumhistory00boot 2013年8月21日閲覧. "Robert Hall, the divine, was addicted [to opium], as was Thomas Wedgwood, the father of photography." 
  135. ^ Marco Ceccarelli, ed (2009). Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies, Part 2. Springer. p. 13. ISBN 9789048123452. http://www.abebooks.com/9789048123452/9048123453/plp 2013年8月20日閲覧. "Other chapters of Al-Jazari's work describe fountains and musical automata which are of interest mainly because the flow of water in them alternated from one large tank to another at hourly or half-hourly intervals. Several ingenious devices for hydraulic switching were used to achieve this operation (Rosheim 1994). These revolutionary machines owed him the title of the father of robotics (Chapius and Droz 1958; Nocks 2007)." 
  136. ^ Diana Darke (2010). Syria, 2nd. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 98. ISBN 9781841623146. http://www.abebooks.com/9781841623146/Bradt-Travel-Guide-Syria-Darke-1841623148/plp 2013年8月21日閲覧. "One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of humankind was the crankshaft, invented by the Muslim engineer Al-Jazari. He devised it to raise water for irrigation. He also invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, and was the father of robotics." 
  137. ^ Koetsier, Teun (2001), "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", Mechanism and Machine Theory, Elsevier, 36 (5): 589–603, doi:10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2
  138. ^ Marco Ceccarelli, ed (2009). “Al-Jazari”. Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies, Part 2. Springer. p. 4. ISBN 9789048123452. http://www.abebooks.com/9789048123452/9048123453/plp 2013年8月20日閲覧. "Others gave amusement and aesthetic pleasure to the members of royal circles, which led him to invent the first programmable humanoid robot in 1206. Al-Jazari's robot was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests at royal drinking parties (Margaret 2006; Franchi and Güzeldere 2005)." 
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  141. ^ Gray, Paul (1999-03-29). “Alan Turing - Time 100 People of the Century”. Time. http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/turing.html 2009年6月13日閲覧. "The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine" 
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  147. ^ Inventor Profile: J. Presper Eckert”. Invent Now - Hall of Fame. North Canton, OH, USA: National Inventors Hall of Fame (2004年3月29日). 2013年8月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年8月21日閲覧。
  148. ^ Making Televised Emergency Information Accessible Archived 2009-01-13 at the Wayback Machine. from the Gallaudet University website
  149. ^ Although it's a title he objects to (see Interview with Vinton Cerf Archived June 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., from a January 2006 article in Government Computer News), Cerf is willing to call himself one of the Internet's fathers, citing Bob Kahn in particularly as being someone with whom he should share that title.
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  161. ^ Alex McKenzie (2009), Comments on Dr. Leonard Kleinrock's claim to be "the Father of Modern Data Networking", http://alexmckenzie.weebly.com/comments-on-kleinrocks-claims.html 2015年4月23日閲覧。  "... there is nothing in the entire 1964 book that suggests, analyzes, or alludes to the idea of packetization."
  162. ^ Trevor Harris, University of Wales (2009). “Who is the Father of the Internet? The Case for Donald Davies.” (英語). Variety in Mass Communication Research. https://www.academia.edu/378261. 
  163. ^ Robert Taylor (November 22, 2001), “Birthing the Internet: Letters From the Delivery Room; Disputing a Claim”, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/22/technology/l-birthing-the-internet-letters-from-the-delivery-room-disputing-a-claim-325210.html, "Authors who have interviewed dozens of Arpanet pioneers know very well that the Kleinrock-Roberts claims are not believed." 
  164. ^ Katie Hefner (November 8, 2001), “A Paternity Dispute Divides Net Pioneers”, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/technology/a-paternity-dispute-divides-net-pioneers.html?pagewanted=all, ""The Internet is really the work of a thousand people," Mr. Baran said. "And of all the stories about what different people have done, all the pieces fit together. It's just this one little case that seems to be an aberration."" 
  165. ^ Donald Davies (2001), “A Historical Study of the Beginnings of Packet Switching”, Computer Journal, British Computer Society 44 (3): 152–162, doi:10.1093/comjnl/44.3.152, http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/3/152.extract, ""I can find no evidence that he understood the principles of packet switching."" 
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  189. ^ Photographer to the Tsar - The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated: The Empire That Was Russia - Exhibitions - Library of Congress”. Loc.gov (2001年4月17日). 2016年1月10日閲覧。
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  192. ^ Gun designer John Browning is born - Jan 21, 1855”. HISTORY.com. 2016年10月12日閲覧。
  193. ^ Model Engine Builders—Ray Arden”. Craftsmanshipmuseum.com/. 2015年12月24日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年1月10日閲覧。
  194. ^ Igor Sikorsky is considered to be the "father" of helicopters not because he invented the first. He is called that because he invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based, an article from inventors.About.com by Mary Bellis
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  201. ^ “John Harrison (1693-1776)”. オリジナルの2012年10月22日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20121022211857/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/clocks-n-watches/watch/watches/harrison/index.htm 2013年8月21日閲覧。 
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  203. ^ “Mendeleev's periodic table”. BBC - GCSE Bitesize. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/atomic_structure/periodictablerev1.shtml 2012年6月22日閲覧。 
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  219. ^ Jefferson Hunt – The Father Of San Bernardino County - SBCSentinel”. sbcsentinel.com. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー:引数 accessdate は必須です。
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  395. ^ 第75回 正力松太郎(その一)警察官僚にしてプロ野球の父、テレビ放送の父、原子力の父---(福田 和也) @gendai_biz”. 現代ビジネス. 2020年10月6日閲覧。
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  449. ^ トム・ソーヤー”. TBSラジオ FM90.5 + AM954~何かが始まる音がする~. 2020年10月6日閲覧。
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  451. ^ 第七回「クラシックの午後―気軽にオーケストラ」に寄せてーその一 チャイコフスキーを魅了したバレー音楽の傑作「シルヴィア」”. 2020年10月6日閲覧。
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  453. ^ 第105回 お散歩編: 蒸気機関車の父、トレビシック - 英国ニュース、求人、イベント、コラム、レストラン、ロンドン・イギリス情報誌 - 英国ニュースダイジェスト”. www.news-digest.co.uk. 2020年10月7日閲覧。
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  547. ^ 任天堂、宮本茂さんが文化功労者に 「マリオ」「ゼルダ」を生んだ“現代ビデオゲームの父””. ねとらぼ. 2020年10月7日閲覧。
  548. ^ マリオ生みの親、任天堂の宮本茂氏がスペイン皇太子賞を受賞”. GameBusiness.jp. 2020年10月7日閲覧。
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