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出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
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[[痛覚]]の様々な側面に関わる[[イオンチャネル]]を同定し、痛みや熱感覚の分子基盤を発見した。2021年、[[皮膚感覚|温感と触覚]]の受容体の発見で[[ノーベル生理学・医学賞]]受賞。
[[痛覚]]の様々な側面に関わる[[イオンチャネル]]を同定し、痛みや熱感覚の分子基盤を発見した。2021年、[[皮膚感覚|温感と触覚]]の受容体の発見で[[ノーベル生理学・医学賞]]受賞。

== Research career ==
In 1997, the Julius lab cloned and characterized [[TRPV1]] which is the receptor that detects [[capsaicin]], the chemical in [[chili pepper]]s that makes them "hot".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Caterina|first1=M. J.|last2=Schumacher|first2=M. A.|last3=Tominaga|first3=M.|last4=Rosen|first4=T. A.|last5=Levine|first5=J. D.|last6=Julius|first6=D.|date=October 23, 1997|title=The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway|journal=Nature|volume=389|issue=6653|pages=816–824|doi=10.1038/39807|issn=0028-0836|pmid=9349813|bibcode=1997Natur.389..816C|s2cid=7970319}}</ref> Remarkably, they found that [[TRPV1]] also detects noxious heat.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tominaga|first1=M.|last2=Caterina|first2=M. J.|last3=Malmberg|first3=A. B.|last4=Rosen|first4=T. A.|last5=Gilbert|first5=H.|last6=Skinner|first6=K.|last7=Raumann|first7=B. E.|last8=Basbaum|first8=A. I.|last9=Julius|first9=D.|date=September 1998|title=The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli|journal=Neuron|volume=21|issue=3|pages=531–543|issn=0896-6273|pmid=9768840|doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80564-4|s2cid=2054891|doi-access=free}}</ref> TRPV1 is part of the large family of structurally related [[Transient receptor potential channel|TRP (transient receptor potential)]] cation channels. Animals that lack TRPV1 (using genetic knockouts of the protein) lose sensitivity to noxious heat and capsaicin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Caterina|first1=M. J.|last2=Leffler|first2=A.|last3=Malmberg|first3=A. B.|last4=Martin|first4=W. J.|last5=Trafton|first5=J.|last6=Petersen-Zeitz|first6=K. R.|last7=Koltzenburg|first7=M.|last8=Basbaum|first8=A. I.|last9=Julius|first9=D.|date=April 14, 2000|title=Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor|journal=Science|volume=288|issue=5464|pages=306–313|issn=0036-8075|pmid=10764638|doi=10.1126/science.288.5464.306|bibcode=2000Sci...288..306C}}</ref>

The Julius lab has also cloned and characterized [[TRPM8]] (CMR1) and [[TRPA1]], both members of the [[Transient receptor potential channel|TRP]] superfamily. They demonstrated that [[TRPM8]] detects [[menthol]] and cooler temperatures<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKemy|first1=David D.|last2=Neuhausser|first2=Werner M.|last3=Julius|first3=David|date=March 7, 2002|title=Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation|journal=Nature|volume=416|issue=6876|pages=52–58|doi=10.1038/nature719|issn=0028-0836|pmid=11882888|bibcode=2002Natur.416...52M|s2cid=4340358|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bautista|first1=Diana M.|last2=Siemens|first2=Jan|last3=Glazer|first3=Joshua M.|last4=Tsuruda|first4=Pamela R.|last5=Basbaum|first5=Allan I.|last6=Stucky|first6=Cheryl L.|last7=Jordt|first7=Sven-Eric|last8=Julius|first8=David|date=July 12, 2007|title=The menthol receptor TRPM8 is the principal detector of environmental cold|journal=Nature|volume=448|issue=7150|pages=204–208|doi=10.1038/nature05910|issn=1476-4687|pmid=17538622|bibcode=2007Natur.448..204B|s2cid=4427901}}</ref> and [[TRPA1]] detects [[mustard oil]] (allyl isothiocyanate).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jordt|first1=Sven-Eric|last2=Bautista|first2=Diana M.|last3=Chuang|first3=Huai-Hu|last4=McKemy|first4=David D.|last5=Zygmunt|first5=Peter M.|last6=Högestätt|first6=Edward D.|last7=Meng|first7=Ian D.|last8=Julius|first8=David|date=January 15, 2004|title=Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1|journal=Nature|volume=427|issue=6971|pages=260–265|doi=10.1038/nature02282|issn=1476-4687|pmid=14712238|bibcode=2004Natur.427..260J|s2cid=4354737}}</ref> These observations suggested that TRP channels detect a range of temperatures and chemicals. David Julius's lab has also made important contributions to the study of [[nociception]] by discovering toxins that modulate these channels,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bohlen|first1=Christopher J.|last2=Chesler|first2=Alexander T.|last3=Sharif-Naeini|first3=Reza|last4=Medzihradszky|first4=Katalin F.|last5=Zhou|first5=Sharleen|last6=King|first6=David|last7=Sánchez|first7=Elda E.|last8=Burlingame|first8=Alma L.|last9=Basbaum|first9=Allan I.|date=November 16, 2011|title=A heteromeric Texas coral snake toxin targets acid-sensing ion channels to produce pain|journal=Nature|volume=479|issue=7373|pages=410–414|doi=10.1038/nature10607|issn=1476-4687|pmc=3226747|pmid=22094702|bibcode=2011Natur.479..410B}}</ref> describing unique adaptations of the channels in diverse species<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gracheva|first1=Elena O.|last2=Ingolia|first2=Nicholas T.|last3=Kelly|first3=Yvonne M.|last4=Cordero-Morales|first4=Julio F.|last5=Hollopeter|first5=Gunther|last6=Chesler|first6=Alexander T.|last7=Sánchez|first7=Elda E.|last8=Perez|first8=John C.|last9=Weissman|first9=Jonathan S.|date=April 15, 2010|title=Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes|journal=Nature|volume=464|issue=7291|pages=1006–1011|doi=10.1038/nature08943|issn=1476-4687|pmc=2855400|pmid=20228791|bibcode=2010Natur.464.1006G}}</ref> and solving the [[Cryogenic electron microscopy|cryo-EM]] structures of numerous channels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Liao|first1=Maofu|last2=Cao|first2=Erhu|last3=Julius|first3=David|last4=Cheng|first4=Yifan|date=December 5, 2013|title=Structure of the TRPV1 ion channel determined by electron cryo-microscopy|journal=Nature|volume=504|issue=7478|pages=107–112|doi=10.1038/nature12822|issn=1476-4687|pmc=4078027|pmid=24305160|bibcode=2013Natur.504..107L}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cao|first1=Erhu|last2=Liao|first2=Maofu|last3=Cheng|first3=Yifan|last4=Julius|first4=David|date=December 5, 2013|title=TRPV1 structures in distinct conformations reveal activation mechanisms|journal=Nature|volume=504|issue=7478|pages=113–118|doi=10.1038/nature12823|issn=1476-4687|pmc=4023639|pmid=24305161|bibcode=2013Natur.504..113C}}</ref>


== 受賞歴 ==
== 受賞歴 ==

2021年10月4日 (月) 12:58時点における版

David Julius
デヴィッド・ジュリアス
生誕 (1955-11-04) 1955年11月4日(68歳)
アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国 ニューヨーク市ブルックリン区
国籍 アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国
研究分野 生物学
研究機関 カリフォルニア大学サンフランシスコ校
出身校 マサチューセッツ工科大学
カリフォルニア大学バークレー校
博士課程
指導教員
ランディ・シェクマン
他の指導教員 リチャード・アクセル
アレクサンダー・リッチ
主な受賞歴 アストゥリアス皇太子賞(2010)
ショウ賞(2010)
ガードナー国際賞(2017)
ノーベル生理学・医学賞(2021)
プロジェクト:人物伝
テンプレートを表示
ノーベル賞受賞者ノーベル賞
受賞年:2021年
受賞部門:ノーベル生理学・医学賞
受賞理由:温感と触覚の受容体の発見

デヴィッド・ジェイ・ジュリアス(David Jay Julius, 1955年11月4日 - )はアメリカ合衆国生理学者カリフォルニア大学サンフランシスコ校教授。

1977年マサチューセッツ工科大学から学士号を取得後、1984年カリフォルニア大学バークレー校から博士号を取得。指導教授はランディ・シェクマンであった。

痛覚の様々な側面に関わるイオンチャネルを同定し、痛みや熱感覚の分子基盤を発見した。2021年、温感と触覚の受容体の発見でノーベル生理学・医学賞受賞。

Research career

In 1997, the Julius lab cloned and characterized TRPV1 which is the receptor that detects capsaicin, the chemical in chili peppers that makes them "hot".[1] Remarkably, they found that TRPV1 also detects noxious heat.[1][2] TRPV1 is part of the large family of structurally related TRP (transient receptor potential) cation channels. Animals that lack TRPV1 (using genetic knockouts of the protein) lose sensitivity to noxious heat and capsaicin.[3]

The Julius lab has also cloned and characterized TRPM8 (CMR1) and TRPA1, both members of the TRP superfamily. They demonstrated that TRPM8 detects menthol and cooler temperatures[4][5] and TRPA1 detects mustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate).[6] These observations suggested that TRP channels detect a range of temperatures and chemicals. David Julius's lab has also made important contributions to the study of nociception by discovering toxins that modulate these channels,[7] describing unique adaptations of the channels in diverse species[8] and solving the cryo-EM structures of numerous channels.[9][10]

受賞歴

参照

外部リンク

  1. ^ a b Caterina, M. J.; Schumacher, M. A.; Tominaga, M.; Rosen, T. A.; Levine, J. D.; Julius, D. (October 23, 1997). “The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway”. Nature 389 (6653): 816–824. Bibcode1997Natur.389..816C. doi:10.1038/39807. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 9349813. 
  2. ^ Tominaga, M.; Caterina, M. J.; Malmberg, A. B.; Rosen, T. A.; Gilbert, H.; Skinner, K.; Raumann, B. E.; Basbaum, A. I. et al. (September 1998). “The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli”. Neuron 21 (3): 531–543. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80564-4. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 9768840. 
  3. ^ Caterina, M. J.; Leffler, A.; Malmberg, A. B.; Martin, W. J.; Trafton, J.; Petersen-Zeitz, K. R.; Koltzenburg, M.; Basbaum, A. I. et al. (April 14, 2000). “Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor”. Science 288 (5464): 306–313. Bibcode2000Sci...288..306C. doi:10.1126/science.288.5464.306. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10764638. 
  4. ^ McKemy, David D.; Neuhausser, Werner M.; Julius, David (March 7, 2002). “Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation”. Nature 416 (6876): 52–58. Bibcode2002Natur.416...52M. doi:10.1038/nature719. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11882888. 
  5. ^ Bautista, Diana M.; Siemens, Jan; Glazer, Joshua M.; Tsuruda, Pamela R.; Basbaum, Allan I.; Stucky, Cheryl L.; Jordt, Sven-Eric; Julius, David (July 12, 2007). “The menthol receptor TRPM8 is the principal detector of environmental cold”. Nature 448 (7150): 204–208. Bibcode2007Natur.448..204B. doi:10.1038/nature05910. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17538622. 
  6. ^ Jordt, Sven-Eric; Bautista, Diana M.; Chuang, Huai-Hu; McKemy, David D.; Zygmunt, Peter M.; Högestätt, Edward D.; Meng, Ian D.; Julius, David (January 15, 2004). “Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1”. Nature 427 (6971): 260–265. Bibcode2004Natur.427..260J. doi:10.1038/nature02282. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 14712238. 
  7. ^ Bohlen, Christopher J.; Chesler, Alexander T.; Sharif-Naeini, Reza; Medzihradszky, Katalin F.; Zhou, Sharleen; King, David; Sánchez, Elda E.; Burlingame, Alma L. et al. (November 16, 2011). “A heteromeric Texas coral snake toxin targets acid-sensing ion channels to produce pain”. Nature 479 (7373): 410–414. Bibcode2011Natur.479..410B. doi:10.1038/nature10607. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 3226747. PMID 22094702. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3226747/. 
  8. ^ Gracheva, Elena O.; Ingolia, Nicholas T.; Kelly, Yvonne M.; Cordero-Morales, Julio F.; Hollopeter, Gunther; Chesler, Alexander T.; Sánchez, Elda E.; Perez, John C. et al. (April 15, 2010). “Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes”. Nature 464 (7291): 1006–1011. Bibcode2010Natur.464.1006G. doi:10.1038/nature08943. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 2855400. PMID 20228791. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2855400/. 
  9. ^ Liao, Maofu; Cao, Erhu; Julius, David; Cheng, Yifan (December 5, 2013). “Structure of the TRPV1 ion channel determined by electron cryo-microscopy”. Nature 504 (7478): 107–112. Bibcode2013Natur.504..107L. doi:10.1038/nature12822. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 4078027. PMID 24305160. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078027/. 
  10. ^ Cao, Erhu; Liao, Maofu; Cheng, Yifan; Julius, David (December 5, 2013). “TRPV1 structures in distinct conformations reveal activation mechanisms”. Nature 504 (7478): 113–118. Bibcode2013Natur.504..113C. doi:10.1038/nature12823. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 4023639. PMID 24305161. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4023639/.