果実食主義

果実食主義（かじつしょくしゅぎ、英: Fruitarianism）、果食主義（かしょくしゅぎ）は、果実、種のみを摂取する菜食主義の下位分類名、食行動及び思想。動物性食品（肉、魚、乳製品、卵、蜂蜜等）と植物を殺す行為に基づく植物食（根菜植物、穀物を含む）を摂取しない^[1]。

地面に落ちた果実のみを食する理想を持つ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]。しかし児童発達においては、必要栄養素が不足することがある^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]。

動機[編集]

動物の権利を考慮する倫理的理由
健康
宗教
- ユダヤ教、キリスト教：『創世記』1:29 に基づいて、アダムとエヴァは果実主義であったと考える^[10]
- ジャイナ教：菜食主義、アヒンサー（非暴力）を信仰^[11]
政治
環境
文化
経済
哲学

研究[編集]

1979年、 Alan Walker（古人類学者、ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学教授）は、古代人の歯のエナメル質を調査し、古人類は果実食主義と発表した^[12]。

2002年、コロンビア大学、The Health Promotion Program
- 果実食による、カルシウム、タンパク質、鉄、亜鉛、ビタミンD、ビタミンB（特に動物由来で果物には含有されないビタミンB12^[13]、必須脂肪酸の不足、それらを原因とする精神的不安定の可能性が指摘されている^[14]。

果実食主義の実践者[編集]

マハトマ・ガンディー - 運動家^[15]^[16]^[17]

イディ・アミン - ウガンダ第3代大統領^[18]
スティーブ・ジョブズ

中野瑞樹 - 2009年9月から果実食を実施する日本人^[19]

脚注[編集]

[脚注の使い方]

^ Houghton Mifflin Company, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2009.
^ Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought, Rod Preece, UBC Press, 2008 "Since plants have life, it is necessary, if one is not to starve, to live from the fruit of the plant in such a manner that the host plant itself does not die."
^ Nutrition for the recreational athlete, Catherine G. Ratzin Jackson, page 95, “The fruitarian diet usually consists of consuming those parts of the plant that are cast off or dropped from the plant and that do not involve the destruction of the plant itself.”, 249 page, Publisher CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 0849379148, 9780849379147
^ Handbook Of Pediatric Nutrition, Patricia Samour, “A fruitarian diet consists of only fruits. Any plant food that is botanically a fruit or can be obtained without killing or harming the plant is considered a fruit.", Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2003, page 143.
^ 'The Fruit Hunters, Adam Leith Gollne, "Some factions eat only fallen fruit. Others refuse to eat any seeds because they contain future plants."
^ Holden, Chris, et al, Royal College of Nursing. Nutrition and Child Health, p. 59. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000. ISBN 070202421X, 9780702024214.
^ BBC News, 14 September 2001. "Baby death parents spared jail". Accessed 31 March 2011.
^ Gollner, Adam Leith. The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, pp. 99-101. Simon and Schuster, 2008. ISBN 074329694X, 9780743296946.
^ Mantle, Fiona and Anne Casey. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2004, Complementary and alternative medicine for child and adolescent care. ISBN 075065175X, 9780750651752.
^ http://www.satyamag.com/june03/berry.html Satya June/July 03: Raw History by Rynn Berry
^ "ahim-sa" - "the Hindu and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being", Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ahimsa
^ Rensberger, Boyce (1979年5月15日). “Teeth Show Fruit Was The Staple; No Exceptions Found”. Science Times section (New York Times): p. C1 2009年11月1日閲覧。
^ “Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B₁₂”. アメリカ国立衛生研究所: Office of Dietary Supplements. 2009年11月13日閲覧。
^ Alice!, Health Promotion Program at Columbia University, Health Services at Columbia, August 23, 2002."Go Ask Alice!: Fruitarian teens". Accessed May 20, 2008.
^ "during five years of a purely fruitarian life I never felt weak, nor did I suffer from any disease". Satyagraha in South Africa ~ XXXV. Tolstoy Farm III, written by Mohandas K. Gandhi, translated by Valji Govindji Desai, http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/Satyagraha_in_South_Africa/Chapter_XXXV._Tolstoy_Farm_III
^ Autobiography: the story of my experiments with truth（自伝）, Social Sciences Series, モハンダス・カラムチャンド・ガンディー, Mahadev Haribhai Desai, Dover, 1983, 468 pages, page 318 " "Dr. Jivraj Mehta treated me. He pressed me hard to resume milk and cereals, but I was obdurate."
^ Gokhale's Charity, My Experiments with Truth, M.K. Gandhi.
^ The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, Adam Leith Gollne "Idi Amin, the tyrannical Ugandan dictator, lived his final years in Saudi Arabia as a fruitarian (his affinity for oranges earned him the nickname "Dr. Jaffa")."
^ [1]中野瑞樹

外部リンク[編集]

果実食主義 - Curlie（英語）

[1] Houghton Mifflin Company, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2009.

[2] Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought, Rod Preece, UBC Press, 2008 "Since plants have life, it is necessary, if one is not to starve, to live from the fruit of the plant in such a manner that the host plant itself does not die."

[3] Nutrition for the recreational athlete, Catherine G. Ratzin Jackson, page 95, “The fruitarian diet usually consists of consuming those parts of the plant that are cast off or dropped from the plant and that do not involve the destruction of the plant itself.”, 249 page, Publisher CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 0849379148, 9780849379147

[4] Handbook Of Pediatric Nutrition, Patricia Samour, “A fruitarian diet consists of only fruits. Any plant food that is botanically a fruit or can be obtained without killing or harming the plant is considered a fruit.", Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2003, page 143.

[ReferenceA-5] 'The Fruit Hunters, Adam Leith Gollne, "Some factions eat only fallen fruit. Others refuse to eat any seeds because they contain future plants."

[Holden-6] Holden, Chris, et al, Royal College of Nursing. Nutrition and Child Health, p. 59. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000. ISBN 070202421X, 9780702024214.

[bbc-7] BBC News, 14 September 2001. "Baby death parents spared jail". Accessed 31 March 2011.

[8] Gollner, Adam Leith. The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, pp. 99-101. Simon and Schuster, 2008. ISBN 074329694X, 9780743296946.

[9] Mantle, Fiona and Anne Casey. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2004, Complementary and alternative medicine for child and adolescent care. ISBN 075065175X, 9780750651752.

[10] ttp://www.satyamag.com/june03/berry.html Satya June/July 03: Raw History by Rynn Berry

[11] "ahim-sa" - "the Hindu and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being", Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ahimsa

[nyt1979-12] Rensberger, Boyce (1979年5月15日). “Teeth Show Fruit Was The Staple; No Exceptions Found”. Science Times section (New York Times): p. C1 2009年11月1日閲覧。

[ODS_B12-13] “Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B₁₂”. アメリカ国立衛生研究所: Office of Dietary Supplements. 2009年11月13日閲覧。

[14] Alice!, Health Promotion Program at Columbia University, Health Services at Columbia, August 23, 2002."Go Ask Alice!: Fruitarian teens". Accessed May 20, 2008.

[15] "during five years of a purely fruitarian life I never felt weak, nor did I suffer from any disease". Satyagraha in South Africa ~ XXXV. Tolstoy Farm III, written by Mohandas K. Gandhi, translated by Valji Govindji Desai, http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/Satyagraha_in_South_Africa/Chapter_XXXV._Tolstoy_Farm_III

[16] Autobiography: the story of my experiments with truth（自伝）, Social Sciences Series, モハンダス・カラムチャンド・ガンディー, Mahadev Haribhai Desai, Dover, 1983, 468 pages, page 318 " "Dr. Jivraj Mehta treated me. He pressed me hard to resume milk and cereals, but I was obdurate."

[17] Gokhale's Charity, My Experiments with Truth, M.K. Gandhi.

[18] The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, Adam Leith Gollne "Idi Amin, the tyrannical Ugandan dictator, lived his final years in Saudi Arabia as a fruitarian (his affinity for oranges earned him the nickname "Dr. Jaffa")."

[19] [1]中野瑞樹

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

動機[編集]

研究[編集]

果実食主義の実践者[編集]

脚注[編集]

関連項目[編集]

外部リンク[編集]