「ウマ科」の版間の差分
削除された内容 追加された内容
イエスタディ・ワンスモア (会話 | 投稿記録) 編集の要約なし タグ: モバイル編集 モバイルウェブ編集 改良版モバイル編集 |
Equidae#Classification を転記翻訳(亜種省略) |
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第3指が発達し残りの指は退化しているため、現生種では蹄の数は1つのみである。 |
第3指が発達し残りの指は退化しているため、現生種では蹄の数は1つのみである。 |
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== 分類 == |
== 現生種を中心とした分類 == |
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* '''ウマ属''' {{lang|la|genus}} {{Snamei|Equus}} |
* '''ウマ属''' {{lang|la|genus}} {{Snamei|Equus}} |
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**[[ウマ亜属]] {{lang|la|subgenus}} {{Snamei|Equus}} |
**[[ウマ亜属]] {{lang|la|subgenus}} {{Snamei|Equus}} |
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シマウマと他種との種間雑種は、すべて[[ゼブロイド]] ({{lang|en|[[:en:Zebroid|zebroid]]}}) と呼ばれる。 |
シマウマと他種との種間雑種は、すべて[[ゼブロイド]] ({{lang|en|[[:en:Zebroid|zebroid]]}}) と呼ばれる。 |
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==化石種を含めた分類== |
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{{See also|ウマの進化}} |
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* '''Order {{Sname||Perissodactyla}}''' [[奇蹄目]] |
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** Family '''{{Sname||Equidae}}''' [[ウマ科]] |
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*** Subfamily †'''Eohippinae''' |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Epihippus}} [[エピヒップス]] |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Haplohippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Eohippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Minippus}}<ref name=Froehlich2002>{{cite journal |last1= Froehlich|first1= D.J. |date= February 2002 |title= Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla) |journal= Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume= 134 |issue= 2 |pages= 141–256 |doi= 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00005.x|doi-access= free }}</ref> |
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*** Subfamily †'''Propalaeotheriinae''' |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Orohippus}} [[オロヒップス]] |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Pliolophus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Protorohippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Sifrhippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Xenicohippus}}<ref name=Froehlich2002/> |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Eurohippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Propalaeotherium}}?<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Remy|first1=Jean A.|last2=Krasovec|first2=Gabriel|last3=Marandat|first3=Bernard|year=2016|title=A new species of Propalaeotherium (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene locality of Aumelas (Hérault, France)|journal=Palaeovertebrata|volume=40|issue=2|pages=e1 |doi=10.18563/pv.40.2.e1}}</ref> |
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*** Subfamily †{{Sname||Anchitheriinae}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Anchitherium}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Archaeohippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Desmatippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Hypohippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Kalobatippus}} [[カロバティップス]] |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Megahippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Mesohippus}} [[メソヒップス]] |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Miohippus}} [[ミオヒップス]] |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Parahippus}} [[パラヒップス]] |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Sinohippus}} |
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*** Subfamily {{Sname||Equinae}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Merychippus}} [[メリキップス]] |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Scaphohippus}} |
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**** Genus †{{Snamei||Acritohippus}} |
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**** Tribe †{{Sname||Hipparionini}} |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Eurygnathohippus}} |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Hipparion}} [[ヒッパリオン]] |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Hippotherium}} |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Nannippus}} |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Neohipparion}} |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Proboscidipparion}} |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Pseudhipparion}} |
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**** Tribe {{Sname||Equini}} |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Haringtonhippus}}<ref>Hay, Oliver P. (1915). "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 48 (2086): 535–549. {{doi|10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515}}</ref> |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Heteropliohippus}}<ref name=Bravo2010>{{cite journal |last1= Bravo-Cuevas |first1= V.M. |last2= Ferrusquía-Villafranca |first2= I. |date= 2010 |title= The oldest record of Equini (Mammalia: Equidae) from Mexico |url= https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/572/57219891015.pdf |journal= Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas |volume= 27 |issue= 3 |pages= 593–603 |access-date= 14 August 2020}}</ref> |
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***** Genus †{{Snamei||Parapliohippus}}<ref name=Bravo2010/> |
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***** Subtribe [[w: Protohippina |Protohippina]] |
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****** Genus †{{Snamei||Calippus (genus)|Calippus}} |
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****** Genus †{{Snamei||Protohippus}} |
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***** Subtribe {{Sname||Equina}} |
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****** Genus †{{Snamei||Astrohippus}} |
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****** Genus †{{Snamei||Dinohippus}} [[ディノヒップス]] |
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****** Genus {{Snamei||Equus (genus)|Equus}} |
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*******{{Snamei||Equus ferus}} [[ノウマ]] |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus ferus caballus}} [[ウマ]] |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus ferus ferus}} [[ターパン]] |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus ferus przewalskii}} [[モウコノウマ]] |
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******* †{{Snamei||Equus algericus}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aouraghe |first=Hassan |display-authors=etal |date=1999 |title=Les équidés du Pléstocène supérior de la grotte Zouhrah à El Harhoura, Maroc |language=fr |journal=Quaternaire |volume=10 |pages=283–292 |doi=10.3406/quate.1999.1649 }}</ref> |
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******* †{{Snamei||Equus alaskae}} |
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******* †{{Snamei||Equus lambei}} |
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******* †{{Snamei||Equus niobrarensis}} |
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******* †{{Snamei||Equus scotti}} |
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******* †{{Snamei||Equus conversidens}} |
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******* †{{Snamei||Equus semiplicatus}} |
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******* Subgenus †{{Snamei||Amerhippus}} (おそらく''E. ferus''とシノニム)<ref name = "AncientDNA">{{cite journal |last=Orlando |first=L. |year=2008 |title=Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids |journal=[[Journal of Molecular Evolution]] |volume=66 |issue=5 |pages=533–538 |doi=10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x |pmid=18398561 |display-authors=etal |bibcode=2008JMolE..66..533O|s2cid=19069554 }}</ref> |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus andium}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus neogeus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus insulatus}} |
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******* Subgenus {{Snamei||Asinus}} |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus africanus}} [[アフリカノロバ]] |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus hemionus}} [[アジアノロバ]] |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus kiang}} [[キャン]] |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus hydruntinus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus altidens}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus tabeti}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus melkiensis}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus graziosii}} |
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******* Subgenus {{Snamei||Hippotigris}}{{efn|Although the plains and mountain zebras have been placed in ''Hippotigris'' and Grévy's zebra in ''Dolichohippus'', Vilstrup ''et al.'' (2013) finds that the plains zebra and Grévy's zebra are more closely related.<ref name=Vilstrup>{{cite journal |last=Vilstrup |first=Julia T. |year=2013 |title=Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Modern and Ancient Equids |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=8 |issue=2 |page=e55950 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0055950 |display-authors=etal |pmid=23437078 |pmc=3577844 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...855950V|doi-access=free }}</ref> Groves and Bell (2004) place all three species in the subgenus ''Hippotigris''.<ref name="GrovesBell2004">{{cite journal |last1=Groves |first1=C. P. |last2=Bell |first2=C. H. |year=2004 |title=New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus ''Equus'', subgenus ''Hippotigris'' |journal=[[Mammalian Biology]] |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=182–196 |doi=10.1078/1616-5047-00133}}</ref>}} |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus grevyi}} [[グレビーシマウマ]] |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus koobiforensis}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus oldowayensis}} |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus quagga}} [[サバンナシマウマ]] |
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******** {{Snamei||Equus zebra}} [[ヤマシマウマ]] |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus capensis}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus mauritanicus}} |
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******* Subgenus †{{Snamei||Parastylidequus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus parastylidens}} |
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******* †Subgenus {{Snamei||Sussemionus}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Eisenmann |first1= Vera |date= March 2010 |title= ''Sussemionus'', a new subgenus of ''Equus'' (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)|journal= Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume= 333|issue= 3|pages= 235–240|doi= 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.013|pmid= 20338542 }}</ref> |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus ovodovi}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Eisenmann |first1= Vera |last2= Vasilijiev |first2= Sergej|date= September 2011 |title= Unexpected finding of a new ''Equus'' species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia) |journal= Geodiversitas |volume= 33|issue= 3|pages= 519–530|doi= 10.5252/g2011n3a5|s2cid= 128625427 |url= https://zenodo.org/record/5373568 }}</ref> |
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******* {{Snamei||incertae sedis}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus simplicidens}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus cumminsii}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus livenzovensis}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus sanmeniensis}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus teilhardi}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus numidicus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus plicidens}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus cedralensis}} |
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******** †[[w:Equus stenonis group|''Equus stenonis'' group]] |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus stenonis}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus sivalensis}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus stehlini}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus sussenbornensis}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus verae}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus namadicus}} |
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******** †subgenus {{Snamei||Allozebra}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus occidentalis|Equus (A.) occidentalis}} |
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****** †{{Snamei||Equus excelsus|Equus (A.) excelsus}} |
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******** †subgenus {{Snamei||Hesperohippus}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus pacificus|Equus (H.) pacificus}} |
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********* †{{Snamei||Equus mexicanus|Equus (H.) mexicanus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus complicatus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus fraternus}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=46271|title=Fossilworks: Equus fraternus|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus major}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus giganteus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus pectinatus}} |
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******** †{{Snamei||Equus crenidens}} |
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****** Genus †{{Snamei||Hippidion}} |
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****** Genus †{{Snamei||Onohippidium}} |
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****** Genus †{{Snamei||Pliohippus}} [[プリオヒップス]] |
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== 関連項目 == |
== 関連項目 == |
2022年8月20日 (土) 20:53時点における版
ウマ科 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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学名 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equidae Gray, 1821[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
和名 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ウマ科 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
亜科・族・属 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ウマ科(ウマか、Equidae)は、哺乳綱奇蹄目に属する1科。ウマの仲間を含む。
現生のものとしては、ウマのほかに、ロバ、シマウマ、ノロバなどの仲間を含む。これらはすべてウマ属 Equus に分類される。
形態
家畜のウマを除いた最大種はグレビーシマウマ。家畜のウマを除いた最小種はアフリカノロバ。
第3指が発達し残りの指は退化しているため、現生種では蹄の数は1つのみである。
現生種を中心とした分類
- ウマ属 genus Equus
- ウマ亜属 subgenus Equus
- ノウマ Equus ferus, Wild Horse
- †ターパン Equus ferus ferus, Tarpan
- モウコノウマ(プシバルスキーウマ、プルツェワルスキーウマ) Equus ferus przewalskii, Przewalski's Horse
- ウマ Equus ferus caballus, Domestic Horse
- †Equus scotti
- ノウマ Equus ferus, Wild Horse
- ロバ亜属 subgenus Asinus
- ロバ Equus asinus, Donkey
- アフリカノロバ Equus africanus, African Wild Ass
- アジアノロバ Equus hemionus, Asian wild ass
- キャン(チベットロバ、チベットノロバ)Equus kiang, Kiang
- Equus kiang kiang, Western Kiang
- Equus kiang holdereri, Eastern Kiang
- Equus kiang polyodon, Southern Kiang
- グレビーシマウマ亜属 subgenus Dolichohippus
- グレビーシマウマ(グレービーシマウマ) Equus grevyi, Grevy's zebra
- シマウマ亜属 subgenus Hippotigris
- サバンナシマウマ Equus quagga
- †クアッガ (クァッガ、クアッハ) Equus quagga quagga, Quagga
- バーチェルサバンナシマウマ Equus quagga burchellii, Burchell's Zebra
- グラントシマウマ Equus quagga boehmi, Grant's Zebra
- セロウスシマウマ Equus quagga borensis, Selous' zebra
- チャプマンシマウマ(チャップマンシマウマ) Equus quagga chapmani, Chapman's Zebra
- クロウシェイズシマウマ Equus quagga crawshayi, Crawshay's Zebra
- ヤマシマウマ Equus zebra, Mountain Zebra
- ケープヤマシマウマ Equus zebra zebra, Cape Mountain Zebra
- ハートマンヤマシマウマ Equus zebra hartmannae, Hartmann's Mountain Zebra
- サバンナシマウマ Equus quagga
- ウマ亜属 subgenus Equus
※†は絶滅を示す。
種間雑種
以下のような種間雑種が存在する。
- ラバ (Mule): オスのロバ × メスのウマ
- ケッテイ(駃騠) (Hinny): オスのウマ × メスのロバ
- ゾース(黄金シマウマ) (Zorse): オスのシマウマ × メスのウマ
- ジードンク (Zeedonk) またはゾンキー (Zonkey): ロバ × シマウマ
- ゾニー (Zony): オスのシマウマ × メスのポニー
シマウマと他種との種間雑種は、すべてゼブロイド (zebroid) と呼ばれる。
化石種を含めた分類
「ウマの進化」も参照
- Order Perissodactyla 奇蹄目
- Family Equidae ウマ科
- Subfamily †Eohippinae
- Subfamily †Propalaeotheriinae
- Genus †Orohippus オロヒップス
- Genus †Pliolophus
- Genus †Protorohippus
- Genus †Sifrhippus
- Genus †Xenicohippus[3]
- Genus †Eurohippus
- Genus †Propalaeotherium?[4]
- Subfamily †Anchitheriinae
- Genus †Anchitherium
- Genus †Archaeohippus
- Genus †Desmatippus
- Genus †Hypohippus
- Genus †Kalobatippus カロバティップス
- Genus †Megahippus
- Genus †Mesohippus メソヒップス
- Genus †Miohippus ミオヒップス
- Genus †Parahippus パラヒップス
- Genus †Sinohippus
- Subfamily Equinae
- Genus †Merychippus メリキップス
- Genus †Scaphohippus
- Genus †Acritohippus
- Tribe †Hipparionini
- Genus †Eurygnathohippus
- Genus †Hipparion ヒッパリオン
- Genus †Hippotherium
- Genus †Nannippus
- Genus †Neohipparion
- Genus †Proboscidipparion
- Genus †Pseudhipparion
- Tribe Equini
- Genus †Haringtonhippus[5]
- Genus †Heteropliohippus[6]
- Genus †Parapliohippus[6]
- Subtribe Protohippina
- Genus †Calippus
- Genus †Protohippus
- Subtribe Equina
- Genus †Astrohippus
- Genus †Dinohippus ディノヒップス
- Genus Equus
- Equus ferus ノウマ
- †Equus algericus[7]
- †Equus alaskae
- †Equus lambei
- †Equus niobrarensis
- †Equus scotti
- †Equus conversidens
- †Equus semiplicatus
- Subgenus †Amerhippus (おそらくE. ferusとシノニム)[8]
- Subgenus Asinus
- Subgenus Hippotigris[注釈 1]
- Subgenus †Parastylidequus
- †Subgenus Sussemionus[11]
- incertae sedis
- †Equus (A.) excelsus
- Genus †Hippidion
- Genus †Onohippidium
- Genus †Pliohippus プリオヒップス
- Family Equidae ウマ科
関連項目
参考文献
- Duncan, P. (ed.). 1992. Zebras, Asses, and Horses: an Action Plan for the Conservation of Wild Equids. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
- Equid Specialist Group 1996. Equus ferus. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2006.
- Equid Specialist Group 1996. Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2006.
- Groves, C.P. & Bell, H.B. 2004. New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris. Mammalian Biology. 69: 182-196.
- Higuchi et al. 1987. Mitochondrial DNA of the Extinct Quagga: Relatedness and Extent of Postmortem Change. Journal of Molecular Evolution 25:283-287.
- International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84.
- Moehlman, P.D. 2002. Equids. Zebras, Assess and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. [1]
出典
- ^ “Fossilworks - Equidae”. Fossilworks. 2015年11月20日閲覧。
- ^ “Fossilworks - Equus”. Fossilworks. 2015年11月20日閲覧。
- ^ a b Froehlich, D.J. (February 2002). “Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla)”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (2): 141–256. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00005.x.
- ^ Remy, Jean A.; Krasovec, Gabriel; Marandat, Bernard (2016). “A new species of Propalaeotherium (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene locality of Aumelas (Hérault, France)”. Palaeovertebrata 40 (2): e1. doi:10.18563/pv.40.2.e1.
- ^ Hay, Oliver P. (1915). "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 48 (2086): 535–549. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515
- ^ a b Bravo-Cuevas, V.M.; Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I. (2010). “The oldest record of Equini (Mammalia: Equidae) from Mexico”. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 27 (3): 593–603 2020年8月14日閲覧。.
- ^ Aouraghe, Hassan (1999). “Les équidés du Pléstocène supérior de la grotte Zouhrah à El Harhoura, Maroc” (フランス語). Quaternaire 10: 283–292. doi:10.3406/quate.1999.1649.
- ^ Orlando, L. (2008). “Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids”. Journal of Molecular Evolution 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode: 2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561.
- ^ Vilstrup, Julia T. (2013). “Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Modern and Ancient Equids”. PLOS ONE 8 (2): e55950. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...855950V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055950. PMC 3577844. PMID 23437078 .
- ^ Groves, C. P.; Bell, C. H. (2004). “New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris”. Mammalian Biology 69 (3): 182–196. doi:10.1078/1616-5047-00133.
- ^ Eisenmann, Vera (March 2010). “Sussemionus, a new subgenus of Equus (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)”. Comptes Rendus Biologies 333 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.013. PMID 20338542.
- ^ Eisenmann, Vera; Vasilijiev, Sergej (September 2011). “Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia)”. Geodiversitas 33 (3): 519–530. doi:10.5252/g2011n3a5 .
- ^ “Fossilworks: Equus fraternus”. fossilworks.org. 2021年12月17日閲覧。
引用エラー: 「注釈」という名前のグループの <ref>
タグがありますが、対応する <references group="注釈"/>
タグが見つかりません