「ハプログループC2 (Y染色体)」の版間の差分

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==下位区分==
==下位区分==
*C2（C-M217）： [[モンゴル人]], [[カザフ人]], [[ブリヤート人]], [[ダウール族]], [[カルムイク人]], [[ハザーラ人]], [[満州族]], [[シボ族]], [[オロチョン族]], [[コリヤーク人]], [[イテリメン族]]に高頻度。 [[ツングース系民族]], [[朝鮮民族]], [[アイヌ人]], [[漢民族]], [[ベトナム人]], [[ニヴフ人]], [[アルタイ人]], [[トゥバ人]], [[ウズベク人]], [[ノガイ族]], [[クリミア]][[タタール]]で中頻度。<ref name=Xue2006>{{cite journal |author=Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W, et al. |title=Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times |journal=Genetics |volume=172 |issue=4 |pages=2431–9 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16489223 |pmc=1456369 |doi=10.1534/genetics.105.054270 |url=http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16489223}}</ref><ref name=Hammer2006>{{cite journal |author=Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, et al. |title=Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes |journal=J. Hum. Genet. |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=47–58 |year=2006 |pmid=16328082 |doi=10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0 }}</ref><ref name=Lell2002 /><ref name=Tajima2004>Atsushi Tajima, Masanori Hayami, Katsushi Tokunaga, Takeo Juji, Masafumi Matsuo, Sangkot Marzuki, Keiichi Omoto and Satoshi Horai, Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages, ''Journal of Human Genetics'', Volume 49, Number 4 / April, 2004.</ref><ref name=Sengupta2006 /><ref name="biomedcentral.com"/><ref name=Wells2001>{{cite journal |author=Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, et al. |title=The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue=18 |pages=10244–9 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11526236 |pmc=56946 |doi=10.1073/pnas.171305098 |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11526236}}</ref><ref name=Nasidze2005/>
執筆中
**C2a（C-M93）：[[日本人]]で観察される（日本固有）。<ref name=Sengupta2006>Sanghamitra Sengupta, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Roy King, S.Q. Mehdi, Christopher A. Edmonds, Cheryl-Emiliane T. Chow, Alice A. Lin, Mitashree Mitra, Samir K. Sil, A. Ramesh, M.V. Usha Rani, Chitra M. Thakur, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Partha P. Majumder, and Peter A. Underhill, Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists, ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', Volume 78, Issue 2, 202-221, 1 February 2006.</ref><ref name=Underhill2000>{{cite journal |author=Underhill PA, Shen P, Lin AA, et al. |title=Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=358–61 |date=November 2000 |pmid=11062480 |doi=10.1038/81685 }}</ref>
**C2b
***C2b1
****C2b1a1a（C-P39）：北米先住民。 [[ナデネ語族|ナデネ系民族]]、 [[アルゴンキン語族|アルゴンキン系民族]]、[[スー語族|スー系民族]]<ref name=Zegura2004>{{cite journal |author=Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF |title=High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=164–75 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14595095 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msh009 |url=http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14595095}}</ref>
****C2b1b（C-M48）：[[朝鮮民族]]で中頻度。[[エヴェンキ]], [[エヴェン]], and [[ユカギール人]]にもみられる。
*****C2b1b1（C-M77）：北[[ツングース系民族]]、[[カザフ人]]、[[オイラート人]], [[カルムイク人]], 外[[モンゴル人]], [[ユカギール人]],[[ニブフ人]], [[コリヤーク人]], [[イテリメン族]], [[ウデヘ人]]に高頻度。 南[[ツングース系民族]],内モンゴル人, [[ブリヤート人]], [[トゥバ人]], [[ヤクート人]], [[チュクチ族]], [[キルギス人]], [[ウイグル人]], [[ウズベク人]], [[カラカラパク人]], [[タジク人]]に中頻度<!-- Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts, Brigitte Pakendorf et al., ''Human Genetics'' (2006) 120: page 345 --><ref name=Lell2002/><ref name=Pakendorf2006>{{cite journal |author=Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M |title=Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=120 |issue=3 |pages=334–53 |date=October 2006 |pmid=16845541 |doi=10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2 }}</ref><ref name=Kharkov2008>{{cite journal |author=Khar'kov VN, Stepanov VA, Medvedev OF, et al. |title=[The origin of Yakuts: analysis of Y-chromosome haplotypes] |language=Russian |journal=Mol. Biol. (Mosk.) |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=226–37 |year=2008 |pmid=18610830 }}</ref>
****C2b1c1（C-M407）：[[バイ人]], [[カンボジア人]], [[漢民族]], [[日本人]], [[朝鮮民族]]<ref name = "Park2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Park | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Young | last3 = Kim | first3 = Young | last4 = -1#Myung | first4 = Hwan Na et al. | year = 2013 | title = Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA | url = | journal = Forensic Science International: Genetics | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 75–81 | doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.014}}</ref> [[満州族]], [[トゥチャ人]], [[ウイグル人]],[[ヤクート人]]に低頻度にみられる。''<ref name=Sengupta2006/><ref name=HuaZhong2010>{{cite journal | last1=Zhong | first1=Hua | last2=Shi | first2=Hong | last3=Xue- | first3= XB| last4=Qi | first4=Bin | last5=Jin | year=2010 | first5=L | last6=Ma | first6=RZ | last7=Su | first7=B | title=Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia | url=| journal=Journal of Human Genetics | volume= 55| issue=7| pages= 428–35| pmid=20448651 | doi=10.1038/jhg.2010.40 }}</ref>
**C2c（C-P53.1）：[[新疆]]の[[シボ族]]に10%、内モンゴル人、[[エヴェン]], [[寧夏]]の[[回族]], 新疆の[[チベット人]], 新疆の [[ウイグル人]], [[甘肃省]]の[[漢民族]]に低頻度に見られる。''<ref name=HuaZhong2010 />
**C2d（C-P62）


==脚注==
==脚注==

2015年4月20日 (月) 12:40時点における版

ハプログループC-M217 (Y染色体)（ハプログループC-M217 (Yせんしょくたい)、英: Haplogroup C-M217 (Y-DNA)）、系統名称ハプログループC2とは分子人類学において人類の父系を示すY染色体ハプログループ（型集団）の分類で、「M217, P44, PK2」によって定義されるグループである。 約11,900年（±4,800年）前に中央アジアまたはシベリアで発生したと考えられる[1]。アルタイ諸語を話す民族に多くみられ、アメリカのナデネ語族話者にもある程度見られる。日本で観察されるタイプは多くが日本固有のC2aである。

各民族の頻度

ハプログループC2の分布図

下位区分

脚注

  1. ^ Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Marina A. Gubina et al., High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life, Human Biology, December 2002, v. 74, no. 6, pp. 761–789.
  2. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  3. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  4. ^ Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Stoneking M (July 2007). "Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: inferences from mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 133 (3): 1013–27. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20590. PMID 17492671.
  5. ^ Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H et al. (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.
  6. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  7. ^ Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Marina A. Gubina et al., High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life, Human Biology, December 2002, v. 74, no. 6, pp. 761–789.
  8. ^ Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Stoneking M (July 2007). "Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: inferences from mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 133 (3): 1013–27. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20590. PMID 17492671.
  9. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  10. ^ Tajima, Atsushi; Hayami, Masanori; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Juji, T; Matsuo, M; Marzuki, S; Omoto, K; Horai, S (2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. PMID 14997363.
  11. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  12. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  13. ^ Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004). "High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas". Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 (1): 164–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. PMID 14595095.
  14. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  15. ^ Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  16. ^ Tajima, Atsushi; Hayami, Masanori; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Juji, T; Matsuo, M; Marzuki, S; Omoto, K; Horai, S (2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. PMID 14997363.
  17. ^ Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Marina A. Gubina et al., High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life, Human Biology, December 2002, v. 74, no. 6, pp. 761–789.
  18. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  19. ^ Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M (October 2006). "Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts". Hum. Genet. 120 (3): 334–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2. PMID 16845541.
  20. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  21. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  22. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  23. ^ Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H et al. (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.
  24. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  25. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  26. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  27. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  28. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  29. ^ Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004). "High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas". Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 (1): 164–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. PMID 14595095.
  30. ^ Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004). "High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas". Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 (1): 164–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. PMID 14595095.
  31. ^ Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M (October 2006). "Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts". Hum. Genet. 120 (3): 334–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2. PMID 16845541.
  32. ^ Tajima, Atsushi; Hayami, Masanori; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Juji, T; Matsuo, M; Marzuki, S; Omoto, K; Horai, S (2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. PMID 14997363.
  33. ^ Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H et al. (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.
  34. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  35. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  36. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  37. ^ Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004). "High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas". Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 (1): 164–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. PMID 14595095.
  38. ^ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  39. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  40. ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W, et al. (April 2006). “Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times”. Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16489223. 
  41. ^ Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, et al. (2006). “Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes”. J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082. 
  42. ^ a b 引用エラー: 無効な <ref> タグです。「Lell2002」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません
  43. ^ Atsushi Tajima, Masanori Hayami, Katsushi Tokunaga, Takeo Juji, Masafumi Matsuo, Sangkot Marzuki, Keiichi Omoto and Satoshi Horai, Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages, Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 49, Number 4 / April, 2004.
  44. ^ a b c Sanghamitra Sengupta, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Roy King, S.Q. Mehdi, Christopher A. Edmonds, Cheryl-Emiliane T. Chow, Alice A. Lin, Mitashree Mitra, Samir K. Sil, A. Ramesh, M.V. Usha Rani, Chitra M. Thakur, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Partha P. Majumder, and Peter A. Underhill, Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists, The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 78, Issue 2, 202-221, 1 February 2006.
  45. ^ 引用エラー: 無効な <ref> タグです。「biomedcentral.com」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません
  46. ^ Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, et al. (August 2001). “The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (18): 10244–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. PMC 56946. PMID 11526236. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11526236. 
  47. ^ 引用エラー: 無効な <ref> タグです。「Nasidze2005」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません
  48. ^ Underhill PA, Shen P, Lin AA, et al. (November 2000). “Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations”. Nat. Genet. 26 (3): 358–61. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480. 
  49. ^ Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004). “High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas”. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 (1): 164–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. PMID 14595095. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14595095. 
  50. ^ Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M (October 2006). “Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts”. Hum. Genet. 120 (3): 334–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2. PMID 16845541. 
  51. ^ Khar'kov VN, Stepanov VA, Medvedev OF, et al. (2008). “[The origin of Yakuts: analysis of Y-chromosome haplotypes]” (Russian). Mol. Biol. (Mosk.) 42 (2): 226–37. PMID 18610830. 
  52. ^ Park, Jin; Lee, Young; Kim, Young; -1#Myung, Hwan Na et al. (2013). “Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA”. Forensic Science International: Genetics 7: 75–81. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.014. 
  53. ^ a b Zhong, Hua; Shi, Hong; Xue-, XB; Qi, Bin; Jin, L; Ma, RZ; Su, B (2010). “Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia”. Journal of Human Genetics 55 (7): 428–35. doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.40. PMID 20448651. 
ヒトのY染色体ハプログループの系統樹
Y染色体アダム (Y-MRCA)
A0 A1
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J K1 K2
L T MS NO P K2*
N O Q R
スタブアイコン

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