エゾフネガイ属

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
エゾフネガイ属
縦に重なっているエゾフネガイの一種。右下がメス、左に付着したのがオス、一番上の小さいのはヒザラガイ。
地質時代
現生
分類
界 : 動物界 Animalia
門 : 軟体動物門
綱 : 腹足綱 Gastropoda
階級なし : 新生腹足類　Caenogastropoda
科 : カリバガサガイ科 Calyptraeidae
属 : エゾフネガイ属 Crepidula
タイプ種
Crepidula fornicata Linnaeus, 1758
和名
エゾフネガイ属
英名
Crepidula

エゾフネガイ属(英:crepidula)、別名スリッパカタツムリ属、スリッパカサガイ属、スリッパシェル属、カリプトレイド属として知られているのは軟体動物門腹足綱に属し、浅海に生息する貝の分類群のことである[1]。本属はカリバガサガイ科（英語版）に属し、同じ科に属する主なものは、カリバガサガイ属（英語版）、 Bostrycapulus、Ergaea、エゾフネガイ属およびMaoricrypta属がある[2][3]。本属名のエゾフネガイは近年Grandicrepidula属に分類されるようになった[4]。

また、種名を省略してCrepidulaと呼ばれることもある。エゾフネガイ属の種の定義における最近の変更は、DNA配列のデータと解剖学的研究の両方に基づいている。

多くの解剖により、近縁な属との違いが明らかになった。細胞などの組織だけを調べた場合、これらの間の違いは明らかではないが、3つの遺伝子（COI、16S、および28S）のDNA配列によって区別されている[2]。また、右の画像のように、縦に重なって生息している種もいくつかある[5]。

研究[編集]

エゾフネガイ属は、その中のさまざまな種が発達、生態学、行動の研究で一般的に利用されている[6]。主な研究は、海洋無脊椎動物における大規模な性転換に関するもので、性転換が環境によるものであることを実証するために使用されてきた[7][8][9]。エゾフネガイ属のネコゼフネガイ(Crepidula fornicata)とシマメノウフネガイは、海洋生息地における外来種の研究によく利用された[10][11]。

エゾフネガイ属の多くの種の単純な殻のために、カリバガサガイ上科の分類は困難である。多くの場合、似たような殻を持つ別々の種は、普遍的または局地的な分布を持つ。この場合、種の同一性か違いを検証するためには、個体の発生またはDNAデータの綿密な調査が不可欠である。

生態[編集]

食物[編集]

すべての腹足類と同様に、エゾフネガイ属はろ過摂食動物である。成虫は大きな鰓を使って浮遊物から微細藻類をろ過し食べるが、小さな幼体も歯舌を使って基質から藻類をこすり落とすことができるという証拠がいくつかある。

生活[編集]

エゾフネガイ属の一部の種は数体が大きい個体が下部に、小さい個体が上部に、縦に重なって生息している。この際、下部にいる個体はメスとなり、上部にいる個体はオスとなる。また、真ん中の方の個体は性が定まっていない。個体の順序や成熟度などが変わった時、性転換がおこる。

外来種[編集]

エゾフネガイ属は各地で外来種として、その土地の生態系を脅かしているものが多い [10][11]。

ネコゼフネガイ(Crepidula fornicata)は、北アメリカの東海岸、フロリダ北部からカナダにまでが原産地である。この種は現在世界中に広まっており、スペインとフランスの北海岸、イギリスの海岸の大部分、そして北海沿岸で非常に侵略的な外来種であると考えられている。サンフランシスコ湾、ピュージェット湾、地中海からも生息が報告されている。Crepidula convexaは、北アメリカの東海岸に自生し、サウスカロライナからニューイングランドまでが原産地である。この種は、ピュージェット湾とサンフランシスコ湾から生息が報告されている。

他に、シマメノウフネガイ(Crepidula onyx)は、カリフォルニアの南海岸とメキシコの北太平洋沿岸が原産地である。この種は現在広く拡散しており、アジアで非常に侵略的な外来種だと考えられている。韓国、日本、香港など東アジアから生息が報告されている。

種[編集]

Crepidula walshi、現在はSiphopatella walshiと呼ばれる種。
Crepidula immersa、現在はMaoricyptaまたはZeacryptaと呼ばれる種。

エゾフネガイ属の種は次のとおりである[12][13][14][12] [13] [14]。なお、種名を斜体で示す。

同じ種名が命名された種
  • Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791) sensu Zenetos et al.2004: synonym of Bostrycapulus odites Collin, 2005
  • Crepidula acuta H. C. Lea, 1842: synonym of Crepidula convexa Say, 1822
  • Crepidula adspersa Dunker, 1846: synonym of Crepidula porcellana Lamarck, 1801
  • Crepidula bilobata Reeve, 1859: synonym of Crepidula lingulata Gould, 1846: synonym of Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846)
  • Crepidula calceolina Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula californica Tryon, 1886: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Crepidula calyptraeiformis Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis (Deshayes, 1830)
  • Crepidula candida Risso, 1826: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula capensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1835: synonym of Crepipatella capensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
  • Crepidula cataldi Parenzan, 1970: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula coei Berry, 1950: synonym of Crepidula naticarum Williamson, 1905
  • Crepidula contorta Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Maoricrypta monoxyla (Lesson, 1830)
  • Crepidula costata G. B. Sowerby I, 1824: synonym of Maoricrypta costata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1824)
  • Crepidula costata Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Maoricrypta costata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1824)
  • Crepidula costulata Dunker, 1852: synonym of Crepidula incurva (Broderip, 1834)
  • Crepidula crepidula (Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula depressa Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Crepidula dilatata Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Crepidula deshayesii de Folin, 1867: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula desmoulinsi Locard, 1886: synonym of Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829
  • Crepidula dilatata Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Crepidula dorsata (Broderip, 1834): synonym of Crepipatella dorsata (Broderip, 1834)
  • Crepidula excisa Philippi, 1849: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
  • Crepidula explanata Gould, 1853: synonym of Crepidula perforans (Valenciennes, 1846)
  • Crepidula exuviata Reeve, 1859: synonym of Crepidula perforans (Valenciennes, 1846)
  • Crepidula fasciata de Roissy, 1805: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula fecunda Gallardo, 1979: synonym of Crepipatella peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Crepidula fissurata G. B. Sowerby II, 1883: synonym of Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846)
  • Crepidula foliacea Broderip, 1834: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Crepidula gibbosa Defrance, 1818: synonym of Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829
  • Crepidula glauca Say, 1822: synonym of Crepidula convexa Say, 1822
  • Crepidula grandis Middendorff, 1849: synonym of Grandicrepidula grandis (Middendorff, 1849)
  • Crepidula gravispinosa Kuroda & Habe, 1950: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Crepidula hochstetteriana Wilkens, 1922 : synonym of † Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton, 1873)
  • Crepidula immersa Angas, 1865: synonym of Maoricrypta immersa (Angas, 1865)
  • Crepidula incurva Zittel, 1864: synonym of † Crepidula wilckensi Finlay, 1924 : synonym of Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton, 1873) †
  • Crepidula italica Defrance, 1818: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula lamina H. C. Lea, 1843: synonym of Crepidula plana Say, 1822
  • Crepidula lingulata Gould, 1846: synonym of Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846)
  • Crepidula lirata Reeve, 1859: synonym of Crepidula incurva (Broderip, 1834)
  • Crepidula maculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym for Sigapatella novaezelandiae.
  • Crepidula minuta Middendorff, 1849: synonym of Crepidula nummaria Gould, 1846
  • Crepidula monoxyla (Lesson, 1831): synonym of Maoricrypta monoxyla (Lesson, 1830)
  • Crepidula nautiloides Lesson, 1832: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Crepidula navicelloides Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Crepidula nummaria Gould, 1846
  • Crepidula nebulata Mabille, 1895: synonym of Crepidula nivea C. B. Adams, 1852
  • Crepidula orbella Yokoyama, 1920: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
  • Crepidula orbiculata Dall, 1919: synonym of Crepipatella orbiculata (Dall, 1919)
  • Crepidula osculans C. B. Adams, 1852: synonym of Phenacolepas osculans (C. B. Adams, 1852)
  • Crepidula pallida (Broderip, 1834): synonym of Calyptraea pallida Broderip, 1834
  • Crepidula patagonica d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of Crepipatella patagonica (d'Orbigny, 1841)
  • Crepidula patula Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Crepipatella peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Crepidula peruviana Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Crepidula plana (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
  • Crepidula pulchella Aradas, 1846: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula rhyssema Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Crepidula plana Say, 1822
  • Crepidula riisei Dunker, 1852: synonym of Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Crepidula rostriformis Gould, 1846: synonym of Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
  • Crepidula rugosa Carpenter, 1856: synonym of Crepidula onyx G. B. Sowerby I, 1824
  • Crepidula rugulosa Dunker, 1846: synonym of Crepipatella capensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
  • Crepidula sandaliformis de Serres, 1830: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula sandalina Deshayes, 1833: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula scabies Reeve, 1859: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
  • Crepidula sinuosa Turton, 1825: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
  • Crepidula solida Hinds, 1844: synonym of Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
  • Crepidula squama (Broderip, 1834): synonym of Crepidula striolata Menke, 1851
  • Crepidula strigellata Dunker, 1853: synonym of Crepidula striolata Menke, 1851
  • Crepidula sulin Dautzenberg, 1912: synonym of Crepidula porcellana Lamarck, 1801
  • Crepidula tomentosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Crepidula uncata Menke, 1847: synonym of Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
  • Crepidula uncinata Philippi, 1887: synonym of Crepidula dilatata Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Crepidula virginica Conrad, 1871: synonym of Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Crepidula walshi Reeve, 1859: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
  • † Crepidula wilckensi Finlay, 1924: synonym of † Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton, 1873)
  • Crepidula youngi (Powell, 1940): synonym of Maoricrypta youngi Powell, 1940

以前はエゾフネガイ属に分類されていたが、その後、属から除外あるいは削除された種には、次のものがある。

    • Crepidula grandis Middendorff, Middendorff, 1849[39]
    • Grandicrepidula collinae Marshall
    • Crepidula walshi L. A. Reeve, 1859[要出典]
    • Crepidula maculata Quoy & Gaimard, Gmelin, 1791

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Crepidula Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137722 on 2011-05-21
  2. ^ a b Collin, Rachel. 2003. The Utility of Morphological Characters in Gastropod Phylogenetics: An Example From the Calyptraeidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4: 541–593
  3. ^ 奥谷喬司『世界文化生物大図鑑『貝類』』世界文化社、2004年。ISBN 4-418-04904-5。 
  4. ^ “Crepidula grandis”. WoRMS. 2021年3月6日閲覧。
  5. ^ Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Crepidula Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137722 on 2011-05-21
  6. ^ Henry, Jonathan J.; Collin, Rachel; Perry, Kimberly J.. 2010. The Slipper Snail, Crepidula: An emerging Lophotrochozoan model system. Biological Bulletin, 218(3): 211-229.
  7. ^ Mérot, Claire; Collin, Rachel. 2012. Effects of food availability on sex change in two species of Crepidula (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 449: 173-181.
  8. ^ Collin, Rachel; McLellan, Michelle; Gruber, Karl F.; Bailey-Jourdain, Catherine. 2005. Effects of Conspecific Associations on Size at Sex Change in Three Species of Calyptraeid Gastropods. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1: 89-97.
  9. ^ Collin, Rachel. 1995. Sex, size, and position: a test of models predicting size at sex change in the protandrous gastropod crepidula fornicata. The American Naturalist, 146(6): 815-831.
  10. ^ a b Coe, Wesley R. 1948. Nutrition and sexuality in protandric gastropods of the genus Crepidula. Biol. Bul. 94(3): 158-160.
  11. ^ a b Hendler, G. and D. R. Franz. 1971. Population dynamics and life history of Crepidula convexa Say (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in Delaware Bay. Biol. Bul. 141: 514-526.
  12. ^ a b [1] Crepidula at ITIS
  13. ^ a b Ross, Landon T. (1965). "The genus Crepidula in North America: its taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution. unpublished Florida State Univ. thesis". Retrieved on May 2009.
  14. ^ a b [2] Crepidula at Discover Life
  15. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula aeola Dall, 1927. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532681 on 2011-01-11
  16. ^ a b Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula aplysioides Reeve, 1859. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532682 on 2011-01-11
  17. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532683 on 2011-01-11
  18. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula atrasolea Collin, 2000. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419702 on 2011-01-11
  19. ^ Collin, Rachel (2005). “Crepidula badisparsa sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from Bocas del Toro Province, Panama”. Caribbean Journal of Science 41 (2): 269–276. hdl:10088/3833. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/3833. 
  20. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula cachimilla Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388656 on 2011-01-11
  21. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula carioca Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389784 on 2011-01-11
  22. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula convexa Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160228 on 2011-01-11
  23. ^ Bouchet, P. (2010). Crepidula coquimbensis Brown & Olivares, 1996. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=510048 on 2011-01-11
  24. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula cymbaeformis Conrad, 1844. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532684 on 2011-01-11
  25. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula depressa Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419703 on 2011-01-11
  26. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138963 on 2011-01-11
  27. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula intratesta Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389785 on 2011-01-12
  28. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula maculosa Conrad, 1846. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419704 on 2011-01-12
  29. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula margarita Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389786 on 2011-01-12
  30. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=180993 on 2011-01-12
  31. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula navicula (Mörch, 1877). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532685 on 2011-01-12
  32. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula onyx G. B. Sowerby I, 1824. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397063 on 2011-01-12
  33. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula plana Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160230 on 2011-01-12
  34. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula porcellana (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138965 on 2011-01-12
  35. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula protea (d'Orbigny, 1841). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532686 on 2011-01-12
  36. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula pyguaia Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389787 on 2011-01-12
  37. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138966 on 2011-01-12
  38. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula ustulatulina Collin, 2002. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387736 on 2011-01-12
  39. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula grandis Middendorff, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254469 on 2011-01-12

参考文献[編集]

  • Collin, R. 2003. The Utility of Morphological Characters in Gastropod Phylogenetics: An Example From the Calyptraeidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4: 541–593
  • Collin, R. 2003. Phylogenetic Relationships Among Calyptraeid Gastropods and Their Implications for the Biogeography of Marine Speciation. Systematic Biology, 5: 618-640.
  • Collin, R. 2002. Another Last Word on Crepidula Convexa With a Description of C. Ustulatulina N. Sp. (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) From the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1: 177-184.
  • Collin, R. 2000. Phylogeny of the Crepidula plana (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) cryptic species complex in North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 78: 1500-1514.
  • Hoagland, K.E. 1977. Systematic review of fossil and recent Crepidula and discussion of the evolution of the Calyptraeidae. Malacologia 16(2): 353-420
  • Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp. (
  • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

関連項目[編集]

外部リンク[編集]

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