ビックス・バイダーベック

母親と

ビックス（1903-1931）

ウルヴァリン楽団1924

レオン・ビスマルク "ビックス" バイダーベック (Leon Bismark "Bix" Beiderbecke, 1903年3月10日 – 1931年8月6日)はアメリカの実在したジャズ・コルネット奏者、ピアニスト、作曲家。

概要

ルイ・アームストロングと並んで、1920年代の最も影響力のあるソロイストであった。特に1927年の『Singin' the Blues』『I'm Coming, Virginia』は音色の純粋さ・即興演奏の才能を証明している。この2曲はジャズのバラード・スタイルを発明し、1950年代のクール・ジャズのヒントになった。

1927年のピアノ曲『In a Mist』はクラシックの印象派（クロード・ドビュッシー（1862年 - 1918年　フランス） モーリス・ラヴェル（1875年 - 1937年　フランス） ジャック・イベール（1890年 - 1962年　フランス） オットリーノ・レスピーギ（1879年 - 1936年　イタリア） フレデリック・ディーリアス（1862年 - 1934年　イギリス） カロル・シマノフスキ（1882年 - 1937年　ポーランド） マヌエル・デ・ファリャ（1876年 - 1946年　スペイン）など）とジャズのシンコペーションを融合した。

直接的にビング・クロスビーに、間接的にフランキー・トランバウアーとレスター・ヤングに影響を与えた。

アイオワ州ダヴェンポート生まれ。独学でコルネットを習得、独自の指使いをした。

最初の録音はMidwestern jazz ensembles、The Wolverines 、The Bucktown Fiveなどと。

1924年、デトロイトのJean Goldkette Orchestraで演奏し、1926年、Frank TrumbauerとGoldketteに加入。ニューヨークのローズランド・ボールルームで、フレッチャー・ヘンダーソン楽団の向かいで演奏した。1927年、有名な録音をし、デトロイトを去ってニューヨークのPaul Whiteman Orchestraに加入。

主な録音

1. Wolverine楽団:1924年リッチモンド録音Gennett社

• "Fidgety Feet" / "Jazz Me Blues"
• "Copenhagen",
• "Riverboat Shuffle" / "Susie (Of the Islands)"

2. ビックス・バイダーベックとリズム・ジャグラーズ:1925年リッチモンド録音Gennett社

• "Toddlin' Blues" / "Davenport Blues"

3. Jean Goldkette楽団（1926–1927）: ニューヨーク録音ヴィクター

• "My Pretty Girl" / "Cover Me Up with Sunshine"
• "Sunny Disposish" / "Fox Trot" from "Americana"
• "Clementine" "Jean Goldkette and his Orchestra".

4. Frankie Trumbauer楽団とギターのEddie Lang: ニューヨーク録音1927/Okeh

• "Clarinet Marmalade" / "Singin' the Blues"
• "I'm Coming, Virginia" / "Way Down Yonder in New Orleans"
• "For No Reason at All in C" / "Trumbology"
• "In a Mist" / "Wringin' an' Twistin'"
• "Borneo" / "My Pet"

5. ビックス・バイダーベックとギャング: 1927, ニューヨーク録音Okeh 40923

• "At the Jazz Band Ball" / "Jazz Me Blues",,
• "Royal Garden Blues" / "Goose Pimples",
• "Sorry" / "Since My Best Gal Turned Me Down"
• "Wa-Da-Da (Everybody's Doin' It Now)",
• "Rhythm King", 1928ニューヨーク録音 Okeh 41173

6. Paul Whiteman楽団: ニューヨーク録音

• "Lonely Melody" [Take 3] / "Mississippi Mud" [Take 2], with Bing Crosby, the Rhythm Boys, and Izzy Friedman, 1928,Victor 25366
• "Ramona",1928 ,Victor 21214-A. No. 1 for 3 weeks
• "Ol' Man River" (From Show Boat), 1928,Victor 21218-A and Victor 25249 with Bing Crosby on vocals. No. 1 for 1 week
• "San" [Take 6], , 1928,Victor 24078-A
• "Together", , 1928,Victor 35883-A. No. 1 for 2 weeks
• "Mississippi Mud" [Take 3] / "From Monday On" [Take 6], with vocals by Bing Crosby,1928, Victor 21274
• "My Angel", 1928 Victor 21388-A. No. 1 for 6 weeks
• "My Melancholy Baby", 1928, Columbia 50068-D
• "Sweet Sue", , 1928, Columbia 50103-D

7. Bix Beiderbecke楽団: ニューヨーク録音 1930, Victor 23008

• "I Don't Mind Walking in the Rain" / "I'll Be a Friend with Pleasure"

8. ホーギー・カーマイケル楽団: ニューヨーク録音 1930,Victor

• "Barnacle Bill, the Sailor" / "Rockin' Chair", with vocals by Carson Robison,
• "Georgia on My Mind", with Hoagy Carmichael on vocals

グラミーの殿堂

死後、グラミーの殿堂入り。

Bix Beiderbecke: Grammy Hall of Fame Awards
Year Recorded	Title	Genre	Label	Year Inducted	Notes
1927	"Singin' the Blues"	Jazz (single)	Okeh	1977
1927	"In a Mist"	Jazz (single)	Okeh	1980
1930	"Georgia on My Mind"	Jazz (single)	Victor	2014	Released as by Hoagy Carmichael and His Orchestra

受賞

Bix Beiderbecke Memorial in LeClaire Park, Davenport, Iowa

• 1962, inducted into Down Beat's Jazz Hall of Fame, critics' poll
• 1971, Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Society established in Davenport, Iowa; founded annual jazz festival and scholarship
• 1977, Beiderbecke's 1927 recording of "Singin' the Blues" inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame
• 1979, statue presented at LeClaire Park, in Davenport, Iowa
• 1979, inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame
• 1980, Beiderbecke's 1927 recording of "In a Mist" inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame
• 1989, Asteroid 23457 Beiderbecke named after him.
• 1993, inducted into the International Academy of Jazz Hall of Fame
• 2000, statue dedicated in Davenport
• 2000, ASCAP Jazz Wall of Fame
• 2004, inducted into the inaugural class of the Lincoln Center's Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame
• 2006, the 1927 recording of "Singin' the Blues" with Frankie Trumbauer and Eddie Lang was placed on the U.S. Library of Congress National Recording Registry.
• 2007, inducted into the Gennett Records Walk of Fame in Richmond, Indiana
• 2014, the 1930 recording of "Georgia on My Mind" by Hoagy Carmichael and His Orchestra featuring Bix Beiderbecke on cornet on Victor was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

資料

• The Beiderbecke Trilogy, a three-part 1980s British (Yorkshire Television) television series (The Beiderbecke Affair, The Beiderbecke Tapes and The Beiderbecke Connection) with a jazz soundtrack in the Beiderbecke style performed by Frank Ricotti and cornetist Kenny Baker, as the hero is a Beiderbecke fan.

参考

• Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. "Jean Goldkette and his Orchestra". The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. "Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra". The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Armstrong, Louis. Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans. New York: Da Capo, 1954, 1986. ISBN 0-306-80276-7.
• Baker, Dorothy. Young Man with a Horn. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1938.
• Berton, Ralph. Remembering Bix: A Memoir of the Jazz Age. New York: Da Capo, 1974, 2000. ISBN 0-306-80937-0.
• "Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame". NNDB. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• "Bix". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• The Bixography Discussion Group. Albert Haim, owner and moderator. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Blumenthal, Bob. "The Birth of Modern Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 87–111. ISBN 0-688-17074-9.
• Brooks, Michael. "The Flourishing of Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 25–51. ISBN 0-688-17074-9.
• Brothers, Thomas. Louis Armstrong's New Orleans. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. ISBN 0-393-33001-X.
• Carmichael, Hoagy. The Stardust Road & Sometimes I Wonder: The Autobiography of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Da Capo, 1946, 1965, 1999. ISBN 0-306-80899-4.
• Condon, Eddie, with Thomas Sugrue. We Called It Music: A Generation of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1947, 1992. ISBN 0-306-80466-2.
• Dodds, Baby. The Baby Dodds Story, as Told to Larry Gara. Alma, Miss.: Rebeats Publications, 1959, 2003. ISBN 1-888408-08-1.
• DownBeat Critics (August 31, 1962). "1962 DownBeat Critics Poll". DownBeat. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Evans, Philip R. and Linda K. Evans. Bix: The Leon Bix Beiderbecke Story. Bakersfield, Calif.: Prelike Press, 1998. ISBN 0-9665448-0-3.
• Fairweather, Digby. "Bix Beiderbecke." In The Oxford Companion to Jazz. Bill Kirchner, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 122–131. ISBN 0-19-512510-X.
• Feather, Leonard, and Ira Gitler, eds. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-19-507418-5.
• Ferguson, Otis. "Young Man with a Horn" (1936) and "Young Man with a Horn Again" (1940) in The Otis Ferguson Reader (Dorothy Wilson and Robert Chamberlain, eds.). New York: Da Capo, 1982, 1997. ISBN 0-306-80744-0.
• Gioia, Ted. The Birth (And Death) of the Cool. Golden, Colo.: Speck Press, 2009. ISBN 1-933108-31-2.
• Gioia, Ted. The History of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-19-512653-X.
• "Grammy Hall of Fame Award: Past Recipients". Grammy.com. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Gray, Frank (April 30, 2005). "Solo in Sunnyside: Frank Gray travels through Queens, New York, in search of the late Bix Beiderbecke". The Guardian. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Green, Benny. The Reluctant Art: Five Studies in the Growth of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1962, 1991. ISBN 0-306-80441-7.
• Hadlock, Richard. Jazz Masters of the Twenties. New York: Collier Books, 1965, 1974.
• Haim, Albert (January 7, 2001). "The Available Documentation". The Bixography Discussion Group. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• "International Academy of Jazz Hall of Fame". Jazz at Pitt. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• "Iowa: Scott County". National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Jacobsen, Bob. "Bix Beiderbecke". Starr Gennett Foundation Inc.. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• James, Burnett. Bix Beiderbecke. London: Cassell, 1959.
• "Jazz at Lincoln Center's Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame". Jazz at Lincoln Center. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Johnson, Rich and Jim Arpy and Gerri Bowers. Bix: The Davenport Album. Barnegat, N.J.: Razor Edge, 2009. ISBN 0-9774018-5-5.
• Kennedy, Richard Lee. Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-253-21315-0.
• Kenney, William Howland. Jazz on the River. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. ISBN 0-226-43733-7.
• Lion, Jean Pierre. Bix: The Definitive Biography of a Jazz Legend. New York: Continuum, 2005. ISBN 0-8264-2754-5.
• Mezzrow, Mezz and Bernard Wolfe. Really the Blues. New York: Citadel, 1946, 1998. ISBN 0-8065-1205-9.
• Perhonis, John Paul. The Bix Beiderbecke Story: The Jazz Musician in Legend, Fiction, and Fact; A Study of the Images of Jazz in the National Culture 1930–the Present. Unpublished dissertation, University of Minnesota, March 1978.
• Rayno, Don. Paul Whiteman: Pioneer in American Music, 1890–1930; Vol. I. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8108-4579-2.
• Shapiro, Nat and Nat Hentoff, eds. Hear Me Talkin' to Ya: The Story of Jazz as Told by the Men Who Made It. New York: Dover, 1966. ISBN 0-486-21726-4.
• Spencer, Frederick J., M.D. Jazz and Death: Medical Profiles of Jazz Greats. Oxford, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, 2002. ISBN 1-57806-453-8.
• Sudhalter, Richard M. Lost Chords: White Musicians and Their Contribution to Jazz, 1915–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-514838-X.
• Sudhalter, Richard M. Stardust Melody: The Life and Music of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-516898-4.
• Sudhalter, Richard M. and Philip R. Evans with William Dean-Myatt. Bix: Man and Legend. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1974. ISBN 0-02-872500-X.
• "Sudhalter, Richard M. (Merrill)". Jazz.com Encyclopedia of Jazz Musicians. Lewis Porter, Tim Wilkins, and Ted Gioia, eds. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
• Teachout, Terry. "Homage to Bix", Commentary, September 2005, pp. 65–68.
• Teachout, Terry. Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009. ISBN 0-15-101089-7.
• Turner, Frederick. 1929. New York: Counterpoint, 2003. ISBN 1-58243-265-1.
• Wald, Elijah. How the Beatles Destroyed Rock 'n' Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 0-19-534154-6.
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外部リンク

• Bix Beiderbecke Resources: A Bixography
• Bix Beiderbecke Resources: A Creative Aural History Thesis – A series of nineteen one-

half-hour radio programs from 1971. Includes interviews with Frank Trumbauer, Louis Armstrong, Gene Krupa, Eddie Condon, Bing Crosby, Hoagy Carmichael, and Bix's brother Charles "Burnie" Beiderbecke

• ビックス・バイダーベック - Find a Grave（英語）
• "Davenport Blues" – An mp3 of Beiderbecke's first recording under his own name.
• "Bixology" (an excerpt) by Brendan Wolfe, Jazz.com.
• Twelve Essential Bix Beiderbecke Performances by Brendan Wolfe, Jazz.com.
• The Beiderbecke Affair, a blog by Brendan Wolfe concerned with Beiderbecke and his legend
• Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Society
• All That Jazz: Bix Beiderbecke.