「ヴェイユ予想」の版間の差分
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'''ヴェイユ予想''' |
'''ヴェイユ予想'''(Weil conjectures)は、[[有限体]]上の[[代数多様体]]の上にある点を数えることから導出される([[合同ゼータ函数]]として知られる)[[母函数]]についての、非常に広い範囲に影響のある提案で、{{harvs|txt|authorlink=André Weil|first=André |last=Weil|year=1949}}によりなされた。 |
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q 個の元を持つ有限体上の多様体 V は、q<sup>k</sup> 個の元を持つ全ての有限体の点と同様に、有限個の{{仮リンク|有理点|en|rational point}}(rational point)を持っている。母函数は、q<sup>k</sup> の元を持つ(本質的には一意的な)体上の数 N<sub>k</sub> から導出される係数を持っている。 |
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ヴェイユは、そのような'''ゼータ函数'''は[[有理函数]]であり、[[函数等式]]の形を満たし、ゼロ点が限られたな諸にあるはずであることを予想した。最後の 2つの点は[[リーマンゼータ函数]]や[[リーマン予想]]でモデル化されたものと非常によく似ている。有理性は{{harvtxt|Dwork|1960}}により証明され、函数等式は{{harvtxt|Grothendieck|1965}}により証明され、リーマン予想の類似は{{harvtxt|Deligne|1974}}により証明された。 |
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<!---In [[mathematics]], the '''Weil conjectures''' were some highly influential proposals by {{harvs|txt|authorlink=André Weil|first=André |last=Weil|year=1949}} on the [[generating function]]s (known as [[local zeta-function]]s) derived from counting the number of points on [[algebraic variety|algebraic varieties]] over [[finite field]]s. |
<!---In [[mathematics]], the '''Weil conjectures''' were some highly influential proposals by {{harvs|txt|authorlink=André Weil|first=André |last=Weil|year=1949}} on the [[generating function]]s (known as [[local zeta-function]]s) derived from counting the number of points on [[algebraic variety|algebraic varieties]] over [[finite field]]s. |
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*[[エタール・コホモロジー]] |
*[[エタール・コホモロジー]] |
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*[[ラマヌジャン予想]] |
*[[ラマヌジャン予想]] |
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====参考文献== |
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*{{Citation | last1=Artin | first1=Emil | author1-link=Emil Artin | title=Quadratische Körper im Gebiete der höheren Kongruenzen. II. Analytischer Teil | doi=10.1007/BF01181075 | year=1924 | journal=[[Mathematische Zeitschrift]] | issn=0025-5874 | pages=207–246 | volume=19 | issue=1}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Beilinson | first1=A. A. | author1-link=Alexander Beilinson | last2=Bernstein | first2=Joseph | author2-link=Joseph Bernstein | last3=Deligne | first3=Pierre | author3-link=Pierre Deligne | title=Analysis and topology on singular spaces, I (Luminy, 1981) | publisher=[[Société Mathématique de France]] | location=Paris | series=Astérisque | mr=751966 | year=1982 | volume=100 | chapter=Faisceaux pervers | pages=5–171}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Deligne | first1=Pierre | author1-link=Pierre Deligne | title=Séminaire Bourbaki vol. 1968/69 Exposés 347-363 | url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=SB_1968-1969__11__139_0 | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | series=Lecture Notes in Mathematics | isbn=978-3-540-05356-9 | doi=10.1007/BFb0058801 | year=1971 | volume=179 | chapter=Formes modulaires et représentations l-adiques }} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Deligne | first1=Pierre | author1-link=Pierre Deligne | title=La conjecture de Weil. I | url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=PMIHES_1974__43__273_0 | mr=0340258 | year=1974 | journal=[[Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS]] | issn=1618-1913 | issue=43 | pages=273–307}} |
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* {{citation |
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| editor-last=Deligne |
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| editor-first=Pierre |
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| editor-link=Pierre Deligne |
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| title=Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie — Cohomologie étale (SGA 4<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>) |
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| series=Lecture notes in mathematics |
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| publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |
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| place=Berlin |
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| year=1977 |
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| isbn=978-0-387-08066-6 |
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| language=French |
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| url=http://modular.fas.harvard.edu/sga/sga/4.5/index.html |
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|doi=10.1007/BFb0091516 |
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| volume=569 |
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| issue=569 |
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}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Deligne | first1=Pierre | author1-link=Pierre Deligne | title=La conjecture de Weil. II | url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=PMIHES_1980__52__137_0 | mr=601520 | year=1980 | journal=[[Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS]] | issn=1618-1913 | issue=52 | pages=137–252}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Deligne | first1=Pierre | author1-link=Pierre Deligne | last2=Katz | first2=Nicholas | author2-link=Nicholas Katz | title=Groupes de monodromie en géométrie algébrique. II | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | series=Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 340 | isbn=978-3-540-06433-6 | doi=10.1007/BFb0060505 | mr=0354657 | year=1973 | volume=340}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Dwork | first1=Bernard | author1-link=Bernard Dwork | title=On the rationality of the zeta function of an algebraic variety | jstor=2372974 | mr=0140494 | year=1960 | journal=[[American Journal of Mathematics]] | issn=0002-9327 | volume=82 | pages=631–648 | doi=10.2307/2372974 | issue=3 | publisher=American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 82, No. 3}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Freitag | first1=Eberhard | last2=Kiehl | first2=Reinhardt | title=Étale cohomology and the Weil conjecture | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | series=Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3) [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas (3)] | isbn=978-3-540-12175-6 | mr=926276 | year=1988 | volume=13}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Grothendieck | first1=Alexander | author1-link=Alexander Grothendieck | title=Proc. Internat. Congress Math. (Edinburgh, 1958) | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | mr=0130879 | year=1960 | chapter=The cohomology theory of abstract algebraic varieties | pages=103–118|url=http://grothendieckcircle.org/}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Grothendieck | first1=Alexander | author1-link=Alexander Grothendieck | title=Séminaire Bourbaki | url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=SB_1964-1966__9__41_0 | publisher=[[Société Mathématique de France]] | location=Paris | mr=1608788 | year=1995 | volume=9 | chapter=Formule de Lefschetz et rationalité des fonctions L | pages=41–55|origyear=1965}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Grothendieck | first1=Alexander | author1-link=Alexander Grothendieck | title=Groupes de monodromie en géométrie algébrique. I | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | series=Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 288 | isbn=978-3-540-05987-5 | doi=10.1007/BFb0068688 | mr=0354656 | year=1972 | volume=288}} |
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*{{citation|authorlink=Nick Katz|last=Katz|first= Nicholas M.|chapter=An overview of Deligne's proof of the Riemann hypothesis for varieties over finite fields|title= Mathematical developments arising from Hilbert problems |series=Proc. Sympos. Pure Math.|volume=XXVIII, |pages= 275–305|publisher= Amer. Math. Soc.|place= Providence, R. I.|year= 1976|mr=0424822}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Katz | first1=Nicholas | author1-link=Nicholas Katz | title=L-functions and monodromy: four lectures on Weil II | url=http://www.math.princeton.edu/~nmk/ | doi=10.1006/aima.2000.1979 | mr=1831948 | year=2001 | journal= Adv. Math. | volume=160 | issue=1 | pages=81–132}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Katz | first1=Nicholas M. | last2=Messing | first2=William | title=Some consequences of the Riemann hypothesis for varieties over finite fields | doi=10.1007/BF01405203 | mr=0332791 | year=1974 | journal=[[Inventiones Mathematicae]] | issn=0020-9910 | volume=23 | pages=73–77}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Kedlaya | first1=Kiran S. | title=Fourier transforms and ''p''-adic `Weil II' | doi=10.1112/S0010437X06002338 | mr=2278753 | year=2006 | journal=Compositio Mathematica | issn=0010-437X | volume=142 | issue=6 | pages=1426–1450}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Kiehl | first1=Reinhardt | last2=Weissauer | first2=Rainer | title=Weil conjectures, perverse sheaves and l'adic Fourier transform | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | series=Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas. 3rd Series. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics] | isbn=978-3-540-41457-5 | mr=1855066 | year=2001 | volume=42}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Kleiman | first1=Steven L. | author1-link=Steven Kleiman | title=Dix esposés sur la cohomologie des schémas | publisher=North-Holland | location=Amsterdam | mr=0292838 | year=1968 | chapter=Algebraic cycles and the Weil conjectures | pages=359–386}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Langlands | first1=R. P. | title=Lectures in modern analysis and applications, III | url=http://publications.ias.edu/rpl/section/21 | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | series= Lecture Notes in Math | isbn=978-3-540-05284-5 | doi=10.1007/BFb0079065 | mr=0302614 | year=1970 | volume=170 | chapter=Problems in the theory of automorphic forms | pages=18–61}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Laumon | first1=G. | title=Transformation de Fourier, constantes d'équations fonctionnelles et conjecture de Weil | url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=PMIHES_1987__65__131_0 | mr=908218 | year=1987 | journal=[[Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS]] | issn=1618-1913 | issue=65 | pages=131–210}} |
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* {{Citation | last1=Lefschetz | first1=Solomon | title=L'Analysis situs et la géométrie algébrique | publisher=Gauthier-Villars | language=French | series=Collection de Monographies publiée sous la Direction de M. Emile Borel | location=Paris | year=1924}} Reprinted in {{Citation | last1=Lefschetz | first1=Solomon | title=Selected papers | publisher=Chelsea Publishing Co. | location=New York | isbn=978-0-8284-0234-7 | mr=0299447 | year=1971}} |
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* {{Citation | last1=Mazur | first1=Barry | author-link=Barry Mazur | chapter=Eigenvalues of Frobenius acting on algebraic varieties over finite fields | year=1974 | editor-last=Hartshorne | editor-first=Robin | editor-link=Robin Hartshorne | title=Algebraic Geometry, Arcata 1974 | series=Proceedings of symposia in pure mathematics | volume=29 | isbn=0-8218-1429-X }} |
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*{{eom|id=b/b110720|title=Bombieri-Weil bound|first=O. |last=Moreno}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Rankin | first1=Robert A. | title=Contributions to the theory of Ramanujan's function τ and similar arithmetical functions. II. The order of the Fourier coefficients of integral modular forms | doi=10.1017/S0305004100021101 | mr=0000411 | year=1939 | journal=Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. | volume=35 | pages=357–372 | last2=Hardy | first2=G. H. | issue=3}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Serre | first1=Jean-Pierre | author1-link=Jean-Pierre Serre | title=Analogues kählériens de certaines conjectures de Weil | jstor=1970088 | mr=0112163 | year=1960 | journal=[[Annals of Mathematics|Annals of Mathematics. Second Series]] | issn=0003-486X | volume=71 | pages=392–394 | doi=10.2307/1970088 | issue=2 | publisher=The Annals of Mathematics, Vol. 71, No. 2}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Serre | first1=Jean-Pierre | author1-link=Jean-Pierre Serre | title=Séminaire Bourbaki vol. 1973/74 Exposés 436–452 | series=Lecture Notes in Mathematics | isbn=978-3-540-07023-8 | url=http://www.numdam.org/numdam-bin/item?id=SB_1973-1974__16__190_0|doi=10.1007/BFb0066371 | year=1975 | volume=431 | chapter=Valeurs propers des endomorphismes de Frobenius [d'après P. Deligne] | pages=190–204}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Verdier | first1=Jean-Louis | author1-link=Jean-Louis Verdier | title=Séminaire Bourbaki vol. 1972/73 Exposés 418–435 | url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=SB_1972-1973__15__98_0 | publisher=Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | series=Lecture Notes in Mathematics | isbn=978-3-540-06796-2 | doi=10.1007/BFb0057304 | year=1974 | volume=383 | chapter=Indépendance par rapport a ℓ des polynômes caractéristiques des endomorphismes de frobenius de la cohomologie ℓ-adique | pages=98–115}} |
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*{{Citation | last1=Weil | first1=André | author1-link=André Weil | title=Numbers of solutions of equations in finite fields | url=http://www.ams.org/bull/1949-55-05/S0002-9904-1949-09219-4/home.html | doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1949-09219-4 | mr=0029393 | year=1949 | journal=[[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]] | issn=0002-9904 | volume=55 | pages=497–508 | issue=5}} Reprinted in Oeuvres Scientifiques/Collected Papers by André Weil ISBN 0-387-90330-5 |
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*{{Citation | last1=Witten | first1=Edward | author1-link=Edward Witten | title=Supersymmetry and Morse theory | url=http://projecteuclid.org/getRecord?id=euclid.jdg/1214437492 | mr=683171 | year=1982 | journal=Journal of Differential Geometry | issn=0022-040X | volume=17 | issue=4 | pages=661–692}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:うえいゆよそう}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:うえいゆよそう}} |
2014年3月29日 (土) 04:40時点における版
ヴェイユ予想(Weil conjectures)は、有限体上の代数多様体の上にある点を数えることから導出される(合同ゼータ函数として知られる)母函数についての、非常に広い範囲に影響のある提案で、André Weil (1949)によりなされた。
q 個の元を持つ有限体上の多様体 V は、qk 個の元を持つ全ての有限体の点と同様に、有限個の有理点(rational point)を持っている。母函数は、qk の元を持つ(本質的には一意的な)体上の数 Nk から導出される係数を持っている。
ヴェイユは、そのようなゼータ函数は有理函数であり、函数等式の形を満たし、ゼロ点が限られたな諸にあるはずであることを予想した。最後の 2つの点はリーマンゼータ函数やリーマン予想でモデル化されたものと非常によく似ている。有理性はDwork (1960)により証明され、函数等式はGrothendieck (1965)により証明され、リーマン予想の類似はDeligne (1974)により証明された。
ヴェイユ予想
(1) 有理数多項式:が存在して
そしてはi次元ベッチ数に等しい。
(2)
ここで
(3)
と因数分解したとき
が成立する。
(1)はドゥワークによって、(2)はグロタンディークによって、(3)はドリーニュによって証明された。
関連項目
==参考文献
- Artin, Emil (1924), “Quadratische Körper im Gebiete der höheren Kongruenzen. II. Analytischer Teil”, Mathematische Zeitschrift 19 (1): 207–246, doi:10.1007/BF01181075, ISSN 0025-5874
- Beilinson, A. A.; Bernstein, Joseph; Deligne, Pierre (1982), “Faisceaux pervers”, Analysis and topology on singular spaces, I (Luminy, 1981), Astérisque, 100, Paris: Société Mathématique de France, pp. 5–171, MR751966
- Deligne, Pierre (1971), “Formes modulaires et représentations l-adiques”, Séminaire Bourbaki vol. 1968/69 Exposés 347-363, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 179, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/BFb0058801, ISBN 978-3-540-05356-9
- Deligne, Pierre (1974), “La conjecture de Weil. I”, Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS (43): 273–307, ISSN 1618-1913, MR0340258
- Deligne, Pierre, ed. (1977) (French), Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie — Cohomologie étale (SGA 41⁄2), Lecture notes in mathematics, 569, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/BFb0091516, ISBN 978-0-387-08066-6
- Deligne, Pierre (1980), “La conjecture de Weil. II”, Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS (52): 137–252, ISSN 1618-1913, MR601520
- Deligne, Pierre; Katz, Nicholas (1973), Groupes de monodromie en géométrie algébrique. II, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 340, 340, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/BFb0060505, ISBN 978-3-540-06433-6, MR0354657
- Dwork, Bernard (1960), “On the rationality of the zeta function of an algebraic variety”, American Journal of Mathematics (American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 82, No. 3) 82 (3): 631–648, doi:10.2307/2372974, ISSN 0002-9327, JSTOR 2372974, MR0140494
- Freitag, Eberhard; Kiehl, Reinhardt (1988), Étale cohomology and the Weil conjecture, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3) [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas (3)], 13, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-12175-6, MR926276
- Grothendieck, Alexander (1960), “The cohomology theory of abstract algebraic varieties”, Proc. Internat. Congress Math. (Edinburgh, 1958), Cambridge University Press, pp. 103–118, MR0130879
- Grothendieck, Alexander (1995) [1965], “Formule de Lefschetz et rationalité des fonctions L”, Séminaire Bourbaki, 9, Paris: Société Mathématique de France, pp. 41–55, MR1608788
- Grothendieck, Alexander (1972), Groupes de monodromie en géométrie algébrique. I, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 288, 288, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/BFb0068688, ISBN 978-3-540-05987-5, MR0354656
- Katz, Nicholas M. (1976), “An overview of Deligne's proof of the Riemann hypothesis for varieties over finite fields”, Mathematical developments arising from Hilbert problems, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., XXVIII,, Providence, R. I.: Amer. Math. Soc., pp. 275–305, MR0424822
- Katz, Nicholas (2001), “L-functions and monodromy: four lectures on Weil II”, Adv. Math. 160 (1): 81–132, doi:10.1006/aima.2000.1979, MR1831948
- Katz, Nicholas M.; Messing, William (1974), “Some consequences of the Riemann hypothesis for varieties over finite fields”, Inventiones Mathematicae 23: 73–77, doi:10.1007/BF01405203, ISSN 0020-9910, MR0332791
- Kedlaya, Kiran S. (2006), “Fourier transforms and p-adic `Weil II'”, Compositio Mathematica 142 (6): 1426–1450, doi:10.1112/S0010437X06002338, ISSN 0010-437X, MR2278753
- Kiehl, Reinhardt; Weissauer, Rainer (2001), Weil conjectures, perverse sheaves and l'adic Fourier transform, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas. 3rd Series. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics], 42, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-41457-5, MR1855066
- Kleiman, Steven L. (1968), “Algebraic cycles and the Weil conjectures”, Dix esposés sur la cohomologie des schémas, Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 359–386, MR0292838
- Langlands, R. P. (1970), “Problems in the theory of automorphic forms”, Lectures in modern analysis and applications, III, Lecture Notes in Math, 170, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 18–61, doi:10.1007/BFb0079065, ISBN 978-3-540-05284-5, MR0302614
- Laumon, G. (1987), “Transformation de Fourier, constantes d'équations fonctionnelles et conjecture de Weil”, Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS (65): 131–210, ISSN 1618-1913, MR908218
- Lefschetz, Solomon (1924) (French), L'Analysis situs et la géométrie algébrique, Collection de Monographies publiée sous la Direction de M. Emile Borel, Paris: Gauthier-Villars Reprinted in Lefschetz, Solomon (1971), Selected papers, New York: Chelsea Publishing Co., ISBN 978-0-8284-0234-7, MR0299447
- Mazur, Barry (1974), “Eigenvalues of Frobenius acting on algebraic varieties over finite fields”, in Hartshorne, Robin, Algebraic Geometry, Arcata 1974, Proceedings of symposia in pure mathematics, 29, ISBN 0-8218-1429-X
- Moreno, O. (2001), “Bombieri-Weil bound”, in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4
- Rankin, Robert A.; Hardy, G. H. (1939), “Contributions to the theory of Ramanujan's function τ and similar arithmetical functions. II. The order of the Fourier coefficients of integral modular forms”, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 35 (3): 357–372, doi:10.1017/S0305004100021101, MR0000411
- Serre, Jean-Pierre (1960), “Analogues kählériens de certaines conjectures de Weil”, Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (The Annals of Mathematics, Vol. 71, No. 2) 71 (2): 392–394, doi:10.2307/1970088, ISSN 0003-486X, JSTOR 1970088, MR0112163
- Serre, Jean-Pierre (1975), “Valeurs propers des endomorphismes de Frobenius [d'après P. Deligne”], Séminaire Bourbaki vol. 1973/74 Exposés 436–452, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 431, pp. 190–204, doi:10.1007/BFb0066371, ISBN 978-3-540-07023-8
- Verdier, Jean-Louis (1974), “Indépendance par rapport a ℓ des polynômes caractéristiques des endomorphismes de frobenius de la cohomologie ℓ-adique”, Séminaire Bourbaki vol. 1972/73 Exposés 418–435, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 383, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 98–115, doi:10.1007/BFb0057304, ISBN 978-3-540-06796-2
- Weil, André (1949), “Numbers of solutions of equations in finite fields”, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 55 (5): 497–508, doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1949-09219-4, ISSN 0002-9904, MR0029393 Reprinted in Oeuvres Scientifiques/Collected Papers by André Weil ISBN 0-387-90330-5
- Witten, Edward (1982), “Supersymmetry and Morse theory”, Journal of Differential Geometry 17 (4): 661–692, ISSN 0022-040X, MR683171