スケエンスティア

スケエンスティア
	生息年代: 後期ジュラ紀–前期白亜紀, 150–125 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	スケエンスティアの下顎の化石
分類
種
	S. mantelli (Agassiz, 1833); ; S. laevis (Agassiz, 1837); S. maximus (Wagner, 1863); S. decoratus (Wagner, 1863); S. degenhardti (Branco, 1885); S. hauchecornei (Wagner, 1863); S. zappi López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2011; S. bernissartensis (Traquair, 1911);

スケエンスティア（学名：Scheenstia）は中生代の魚類の一つ。後期ジュラ紀から前期白亜紀にかけてヨーロッパ（ベルギー^[1]、ドイツ^[2]、スペイン^[3]^[4]、スイス^[5]、フランス^[6]、イギリス^[7]^[8]）に生息していた。かつては多くの種がレピドテス属に分類されていたが、2012年に再分類が行われ、ほとんどの種がスケエンスティア属へと移動された^[9]。

特徴

Scheenstia maximusで全長1.5m^[9]。殻を持った生物を食べるのに都合の良い丸い形をした歯を持つ。顎の中に控えている歯はエナメロイド（enameloid、cap enameloid、acrodin cap）が上下逆の状態になっており、萌出時に180°回転する^[10]。この歯は中世ヨーロッパではトードストーンと呼ばれ、特殊な効能を持つとされ宝飾品などに利用された^[11]。

バリオニクスの体内から酸によって損傷したスケエンスティアが発見されており、獣脚類の魚食行動の最初の証拠となった^[12]。

出典

^ L. F. du Pauw. 1902. Notes sur les Fouilles du Charbonnage de Bernissart. Découverte, Solidification et Montage des Iguanodons [Notes on the excavations of the Bernissart coal mine. Discovery, solidification, and mounting of the Iguanodons] 1-25
^ A. López-Arbarello and E. Sfercoa. 2009. New Semionotiform (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Late Jurassic of Southern Germany. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9:197-215
^ J. Royo y Gómez. 1926. Los vertebrados del Cretácico Español de facies Weáldica [The vertebrates of the Spanish Cretaceous from the Wealden facies]. Boletin del Instituto Geológico de España 47:171-176
^ F. Beltrán. 1918. [Una excursión realizada con sus alumnos a Morella, con el objeto de ver las pinturas rupestres recientemente encontradas y estudiar la Geología de la comarca] [An excursion made with his students to Morella, with the intention of seeing recently foundcave paintings and studying the geology of the region]. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 18:134
^ A. S. Woodward. 1895. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part III 1-544
^ “Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database”. www.fossilworks.org. 2023年9月9日閲覧。
^ K. A. Kermack, P. M. Lees, and F. Mussett. 1965. Aegialodon dawsoni, a new trituberculosectorial tooth from the Lower Wealden. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B (Biological Sciences) 162(989):535-554
^ P. Austen, D. Brockhurst, and K. Honeysett. 2010. Vertebrate fauna from Ashdown Brickworks, Bexhill, East Sussex. Wealden News (8)13-23
^ ^a ^b https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394768/
^ Leuzinger, Léa; Cavin, Lionel; López‐Arbarello, Adriana; Billon‐Bruyat, Jean‐Paul (2020-01). Smith, Andrew. ed. “Peculiar tooth renewal in a Jurassic ray‐finned fish (Lepisosteiformes, † Scheenstia sp.)” (英語). Palaeontology 63 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1111/pala.12446. ISSN 0031-0239.
^ Gregorová, R., Bohatý, M., Stehlíková, D., Duffin, Ch., 2020: “Crapaudine” (Scheenstia teeth) - the jewel of Kings. – Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 105, 2, 277–294 (with Czech summary).
^ Natural History Museum (London, England); Natural History Museum (London, England) (1996). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Geology series. v.52-53 (1996-1997). Andover: Intercept

[1] L. F. du Pauw. 1902. Notes sur les Fouilles du Charbonnage de Bernissart. Découverte, Solidification et Montage des Iguanodons [Notes on the excavations of the Bernissart coal mine. Discovery, solidification, and mounting of the Iguanodons] 1-25

[2] A. López-Arbarello and E. Sfercoa. 2009. New Semionotiform (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Late Jurassic of Southern Germany. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9:197-215

[3] J. Royo y Gómez. 1926. Los vertebrados del Cretácico Español de facies Weáldica [The vertebrates of the Spanish Cretaceous from the Wealden facies]. Boletin del Instituto Geológico de España 47:171-176

[4] F. Beltrán. 1918. [Una excursión realizada con sus alumnos a Morella, con el objeto de ver las pinturas rupestres recientemente encontradas y estudiar la Geología de la comarca] [An excursion made with his students to Morella, with the intention of seeing recently foundcave paintings and studying the geology of the region]. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 18:134

[5] A. S. Woodward. 1895. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part III 1-544

[6] “Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database”. www.fossilworks.org. 2023年9月9日閲覧。

[7] K. A. Kermack, P. M. Lees, and F. Mussett. 1965. Aegialodon dawsoni, a new trituberculosectorial tooth from the Lower Wealden. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B (Biological Sciences) 162(989):535-554

[8] P. Austen, D. Brockhurst, and K. Honeysett. 2010. Vertebrate fauna from Ashdown Brickworks, Bexhill, East Sussex. Wealden News (8)13-23

[:0-9] ttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394768/

[10] Leuzinger, Léa; Cavin, Lionel; López‐Arbarello, Adriana; Billon‐Bruyat, Jean‐Paul (2020-01). Smith, Andrew. ed. “Peculiar tooth renewal in a Jurassic ray‐finned fish (Lepisosteiformes, † Scheenstia sp.)” (英語). Palaeontology 63 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1111/pala.12446. ISSN 0031-0239.

[11] Gregorová, R., Bohatý, M., Stehlíková, D., Duffin, Ch., 2020: “Crapaudine” (Scheenstia teeth) - the jewel of Kings. – Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 105, 2, 277–294 (with Czech summary).

[12] Natural History Museum (London, England); Natural History Museum (London, England) (1996). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Geology series. v.52-53 (1996-1997). Andover: Intercept

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