クスコ・ケチュア語

Cuzco Quechua;
	Qosqo runasimi
話される国	Peru
創案時期	1989–2002
話者数	c. 1.5 million
言語系統	Quechuan Quechua II Southern Quechua Cuzco Quechua; ; ;
言語コード
ISO 639-3	各種:; quz — Cusco; qve — Eastern Apurímac
Glottolog	cusc1236 Cusco; east2551 Eastern Apurímac
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クスコ・ケチュア語 (ケチュア語: Qusqu qhichwa simi、スペイン語: Quechua cusqueño、英語: Cuzco Quechua)はペルーのクスコとクスコ県で話される南部ケチュア語の方言である。

クスコにあるケチュア語大アカデミー (Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua)で使われるケチュア語の変種であり、アカデミーはまたスペイン語基準の5母音のアルファベットを好んでいる^[3]。一方で、教育省が用いる公式アルファベットには母音が3つしかない^[4]。

音韻[編集]

クスコ・ケチュア語の母音音素が/a, e, i, o, u/の5つなのか、それとも/a, ɪ, ʊ/の3つなのかについては議論がある^[5]。歴史的にケチュア祖語には3つの母音音素/*a, *ɪ, *ʊ/があったことが明らかであり、他のケチュア語の変種には音韻論的母音長の出現や単母音化の結果、母音数が増加したものもあるが、クスコ語に関する現在の議論は音韻論的なものではなく、単なる正書法的なものであると思われる^[6]。

音素	IPA音声表記	3母音アルファベット	5母音アルファベット
/a/	[æ, a, ɑ]	a	a
/ɪ/	[i, ɪ, e, ɛ]	i	i [i, ɪ], e [e, ɛ]
/ʊ/	[u, ʊ, o, ɔ]	u	u [u, ʊ], o [o, ɔ]

子音
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Stop	plain	/p/	/t/	/t͡ʃ/	/k/	/q/
	aspirated	/pʰ/	/tʰ/	/t͡ʃʰ/	/kʰ/	/qʰ/
	ejective	/pʼ/	/tʼ/	/t͡ʃʼ/	/kʼ/	/qʼ/
Fricative			/s/	/ʃ/	/x/	/χ/	/h/
Nasal		/m/	/n/	/ɲ/
Approximant	plain			/j/	/w/
Approximant	lateral		/l/	/ʎ/
Flap			ɾ

文法[編集]

代名詞[編集]

^[7]	Cuzco Quechua	Northern Quechua	Ancash Quechua	English
1º	noqa/ñoqa	ñuka	nuqa	I
2º	qan	kan	qam	you
3º	pay	pay	pay	he, she, it
4º	noqanchis/ñoqanchis	ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash)	nuqantsik	we (inclusive)
5º	noqayku/ñoqayku	ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin)	nuqakuna	we (exclusive)
6º	qankuna	qamkuna	qamkuna	you (plural)
7º	paykuna	paykuna	paykuna	they

名詞[編集]

wasi 「家」という語を用いた例
Function		Suffix	Example	Translation
Suffix indicating number	Plural	-kuna	wasikuna	houses
Possessive suffix	1st person singular	-y	wasiy	my house
	2nd person singular	-yki	wasiyki	your house
	3rd person singular	-n	wasin	his/her/its house
	1st person plural (incl.)	-nchis	wasinchis	our house (incl.)
	1st person plural (excl.)	-y-ku	wasiyku	our house (excl.)
	2nd person plural	-yki-chis	wasiykichis	your (pl.) house
	3rd person plural	-n-ku	wasinku	their house
Suffixes indicating case	nominative	–	wasi	the house (subj.)
	accusative	-(k)ta	wasita	the house (obj.)
	instrumental	-wan	wasiwan	with the house, and the house
	abessive	-naq	wasinaq	without the house
	dative	-paq	wasipaq	to the house
	genitive	-q/-pa	wasiq	of the house
	causative	-rayku	wasirayku	because of the house
	benefactive	-paq	wasipaq	for the house
	locative	-pi	wasipi	at the house
	directional	-man	wasiman	towards the house
	inclusive	-piwan, puwan	wasipiwan, wasipuwan	including the house
	terminative	-kama, -yaq	wasikama, wasiyaq	up to the house
	transitive	-(rin)ta	wasinta	through the house
	ablative	-manta, -piqta	wasimanta, wasipiqta	off/from the house
	comitative	-(ni)ntin	wasintin	along with the house
	immediate	-raq	wasiraq	first the house
	intrative	-pura	wasipura	among the houses
	exclusive	-lla(n)	wasilla(n)	only the house
	comparative	-naw, -hina	wasinaw, wasihina	like the house

Adjectives[編集]

Verbs[編集]

References[編集]

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). “Cusco Quechua”. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). “Eastern Apurímac Quechua”. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
^ Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs
^ Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine. (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.
^ “SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories” (英語). linguistics.berkeley.edu. 2018年8月10日閲覧。
^ Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2014). The Andean three-vowel system and its effect on the development of a modern orthography for the Aimaran and Quechuan languages. Scripta, 6, 33–46. Available at <https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/71388>.
^ “Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco”. Quechua Language (2019年12月23日). 2020年4月22日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年3月5日閲覧。

外部リンク[編集]

Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur), Qosqo, Peru, 2006 (pdf 3,8 MB). Dictionary of the AMLQ: Cusco-Quechua - Spanish, Spanish - Cusco-Quechua.
Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). “Cusco Quechua”. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History

[Glottolog2-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). “Eastern Apurímac Quechua”. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History

[3] Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs

[4] Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine. (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.

[5] “SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories” (英語). linguistics.berkeley.edu. 2018年8月10日閲覧。

[6] Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2014). The Andean three-vowel system and its effect on the development of a modern orthography for the Aimaran and Quechuan languages. Scripta, 6, 33–46. Available at <https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/71388>.

[7] “Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco”. Quechua Language (2019年12月23日). 2020年4月22日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年3月5日閲覧。

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