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Gisbert K (会話 | 投稿記録)
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バセットクラリネットは、AまたはB♭チューニングのクラリネット（非常にまれにGまたはCでも）で、その範囲は通常のクラリネット（ソプラノクラリネット）よりも3分の1低く、C3に表記されています。 通常のクラリネットにはない最低音のC、Cシャープ、D、E♭をバセット音と呼びます。 これらのトーンは、バセットホーンのサウンドを連想させるサウンドを生成します。 ピッチ範囲全体はC3からD7に表記され、AまたはBのチューニングでA2からB6またはB2からC7までの音で鳴るので、4オクターブ+ 1トーンのソプラノクラリネットとは対照的に、4オクターブ+ 1トーンで構成されます 。
{{{short description|Woodwind musical instrument}}


The '''basset clarinet''' is a clarinet in A or B{{music|flat}} tuning (very rarely also in G or C), the range of which is a major third lower than that of the normal clarinet (soprano clarinet), written down to C3. The lowest notes C, C sharp, D and E{{music|flat}}, that do not exist on the normal clarinet, are called the basset notes. These tones produce a sound that is reminiscent of that of a [[basset horn]]. The entire pitch range is notated from C3 to the D7, sounding in the tuning in A or B from A2 to B6 or from B2 up to C7, thus comprises four octaves plus one tone in contrast to the soprano clarinet with four octaves minus one tone.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rice|first=Albert R.|title=Instrumental odyssey: a tribute to Herbert Heyde|publisher=Pendragon Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-57647-252-1|editor-last=Libin|editor-first=L.|location=Hillsdale, New York|pages=157–178|chapter=The Basset Clarinet: Instruments, Makers, and Patents|oclc=932302591|access-date=2020-02-22|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/26305151}}</ref>
The '''basset clarinet''' is a clarinet in A or B{{music|flat}} tuning (very rarely also in G or C), the range of which is a major third lower than that of the normal clarinet (soprano clarinet), written down to C3. The lowest notes C, C sharp, D and E{{music|flat}}, that do not exist on the normal clarinet, are called the basset notes. These tones produce a sound that is reminiscent of that of a [[basset horn]]. The entire pitch range is notated from C3 to the D7, sounding in the tuning in A or B from A2 to B6 or from B2 up to C7, thus comprises four octaves plus one tone in contrast to the soprano clarinet with four octaves minus one tone.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rice|first=Albert R.|title=Instrumental odyssey: a tribute to Herbert Heyde|publisher=Pendragon Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-57647-252-1|editor-last=Libin|editor-first=L.|location=Hillsdale, New York|pages=157–178|chapter=The Basset Clarinet: Instruments, Makers, and Patents|oclc=932302591|access-date=2020-02-22|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/26305151}}</ref>

2020年8月25日 (火) 13:30時点における版

バセットクラリネットは、AまたはB♭チューニングのクラリネット（非常にまれにGまたはCでも）で、その範囲は通常のクラリネット（ソプラノクラリネット）よりも3分の1低く、C3に表記されています。 通常のクラリネットにはない最低音のC、Cシャープ、D、E♭をバセット音と呼びます。 これらのトーンは、バセットホーンのサウンドを連想させるサウンドを生成します。 ピッチ範囲全体はC3からD7に表記され、AまたはBのチューニングでA2からB6またはB2からC7までの音で鳴るので、4オクターブ+ 1トーンのソプラノクラリネットとは対照的に、4オクターブ+ 1トーンで構成されます 。

The basset clarinet is a clarinet in A or B♭ tuning (very rarely also in G or C), the range of which is a major third lower than that of the normal clarinet (soprano clarinet), written down to C3. The lowest notes C, C sharp, D and E♭, that do not exist on the normal clarinet, are called the basset notes. These tones produce a sound that is reminiscent of that of a basset horn. The entire pitch range is notated from C3 to the D7, sounding in the tuning in A or B from A2 to B6 or from B2 up to C7, thus comprises four octaves plus one tone in contrast to the soprano clarinet with four octaves minus one tone.[1]

チェロ
別称：セロ
各言語での名称
英 Basset clarinet
独 Bassetklarinette
伊 Clarinetto di bassetto
チェロ
分類

弦楽器、ヴァイオリン属

音域
実音通り記譜
関連楽器
演奏者
製作者

clarinet, clarinet d'amore, alto clarinet, basset horn

関連項目

Template:Infobox Instrument

Left: size comparison between basset clarinet and normal clarinet (Leitner & Kraus) Right: Replica of a historic basset clarinet like the one Stadler had.
Program sheet for a concert by Anton Stadler in March 1794 in Riga with a sketch of his clarinet

History

The basset clarinet, like the basset horn, was invented several times from 1770 onwards, but in different designs, in different tunings and with different instrument names. Around 1788 such an instrument was developed by the Viennese instrument maker Theodor Lotz together with the then most famous clarinetist Anton Stadler, a close friend of Mozart, and built in A tuned for Stadler. A sketch of this clarinet can be found on a concert advertisement for a concert by Stadler in March 1794 in Riga, see the picture below right. For this instrument Mozart wrote the first composition for clarinet and string quartet in 1789, the clarinet quintet K 581, which Stadler premiered on December 22, 1789 in Vienna with his new basset clarinet. Mozart also wrote the famous Concerto in A major for clarinet and orchestra, K 622, for this type of clarinet. This composition was also premiered by Stadler on October 16, 1792 in Prague.

The basset clarinet has not been able to assert itself in the clarinet family. After the death of Mozart and above all Stadler (1814) it became very quiet about this instrument, it was lost, so to speak, see below the video "Mozart's lost Clarinet". The scores of the quintet and the concert were also lost. Instead, these compositions were only distributed in versions transcribed for the normal A clarinet until, in the second half of the 20th century, some clarinetists tried to reconstruct the original versions for basset clarinet.

After that, the basset clarinet has gained in importance again since Herbert Wurlitzer 1984 made a modern bassett clarinett for the world-famous clarinetist Sabine Meyer, wich since then Mozart's clarinet concerto and occasionally his clarinet quintet in the reconstructed versions performed and until later other well-known solo clarinetists followed, e.g. David Shifrin, Antony Pay, Kari Kriikku, Alessandro Carbonare, Martin Fröst, Sharon Kam, Colin Lawson and Shirley Brill and Annelien Van Wauwe. The American clarinetist Charles Neidich, the Italian Luca Lucchetta, the Dutch Vlad Weverbergh and the Swedish Stefan Harg, all committed to historical performance, play Mozart on replicas of Stadler's basset clarinet. Also in performances of Mozart's opera La clemenza di Tito in the aria of the Sesto "Parto, ma tu ben mio" (No. 9), the prescribed basset clarinet obbligato in B♭ is increasingly used instead of a normal clarinet, also in concert performances of this aria, so at the performances of the opera 2017 in Salzburg and 2018 in Amsterdam with the clarinetist Florian Schüle on stage. This instrument is seldom used in jazz and klezmer music. The German jazz clarinetist Theo Jörgensmann plays a B♭ basset clarinet.

Performers (images)

Below are the photos of the most famous artists, as far as available on Wikimedia:

  • Theo Jörgensmann 2009
    Theo Jörgensmann
    2009
  • Sabine Meyer 2019
    Sabine Meyer
    2019
  • Martin Fröst 2017
    Martin Fröst
    2017
  • Sharon Kam 2019
    Sharon Kam
    2019
  • Shirley Brill 2019
    Shirley Brill
    2019
  • Annelien Van Wauwe 2019
    Annelien Van Wauwe
    2019

Construction

A modern basset clarinet is identical to the correspondingly tuned soprano clarinet, with the exception that its lower joint is about 18 cm longer in order to be able to produce the lower notes. A clarinetist who want to have both, a normal clarinet and a basset clarinet in A, needs to buy only one clarinet with two lower joints, a normal and a longer basset lower joint. Possibly there is still a small difference in the the bell. In the normal clarinet it is directed downwards. For the basset clarinet or the basset joint, one can have also a bell thatgoes slightly upwards and forwards via an angled adapter, see photo above in the info box.

Makers

Some clarinet makers now produce basset clarinets, or extended lower joints which will convert a standard clarinet to a basset clarinet. Among makers of basset clarinets using the French (Boehm) system are Buffet Crampon,[2][3] Stephen Fox (clarinet maker), Backun Musical Services, and Selmer.[4]

Some makers of both French and German (Oehler) systems: Herbert Wurlitzer, Schwenk & Seggelke and Leitner & Kraus. A maker of the German system only: Hüyng.[5]

Compositions

From Mozart to the present there are hardly more than 60 compositions for this instrument. [6] The most significant are the compositions already mentioned:

  • W. A. ​​Mozart: Quintet for basset clarinet, 2 violins, viola and cello in A major, K 581
  • W. A. ​​Mozart: Concerto for basset clarinet and orchestra in A major, K 622
  • W. A. ​​Mozart: Opera La Clemenzia di Tito, No. 9, aria from Sesto “Parto, parto, ma tu ben mio”, for mezzo-soprano, basset clarinet in B♭ obbligato and orchestra.

Most of the other compositions were created after 1950. It refers to

Literature

  • Thomas Graß, Dietrich Demus: Von Vincent Springer zu Jiri Kratochvil. Mitteilungen zu Anton Stadlers Inventions-Clarinetten und seinem Bassetthorn. ( From Vincent Springer to Jiri Kratochvil. Information on Anton Stadler's inventions clarinets and his basset horn. ) In: rohrblatt. No. 1/2006, Musikverlag Müller & Gössl, Frechen, pp. 12-18.
  • Thomas Grass, Dietrich Demus: Die Bassettklarinette. In: Das Bassetthorn. Seine Entwicklung und seine Musik. 2. Auflage. ( The basset clarinet. In: The basset horn. Its development and its music. 2nd edition.) Books on Demand, 2004, ISBN 3-8311-4411-7, pp. 83-86.
  • Colin Lawson: Mozart: Clarinet Concerto. Cambridge University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-521-47929-0.
  • Colin Lawson: The basset clarinet revived. In: Early Music, November 1987, pp. 487-501.

Weblinks

ウィキメディア・コモンズには、Basset clarinetに関連するメディアがあります。

References

  1. ^ Rice, Albert R. (2016). “The Basset Clarinet: Instruments, Makers, and Patents”. In Libin, L.. Instrumental odyssey: a tribute to Herbert Heyde. Hillsdale, New York: Pendragon Press. pp. 157–178. ISBN 978-1-57647-252-1. OCLC 932302591. https://www.academia.edu/26305151 2020年2月22日閲覧。 
  2. ^ “PRESTIGE Basset Clarinet in A BC 1223”. 2006年12月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  3. ^ “Prestige Basset”. Buffet Crampon. 2019年9月26日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年2月22日閲覧。
  4. ^ “Selmer Paris Clarinets”. Selmer. 2006年5月22日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2006年11月22日閲覧。
  5. ^ “Meisterwerkstatt für Holzblasinstrumente” (ドイツ語). Harald Hüyng Düsseldorf. 2019年10月14日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  6. ^ Music catalog for basset horn and basset clarinet by T. Graß and D. Demus, as of March 17, 2017, pp. 170 to 176
  7. ^ “Joan Tower – Concerto for Clarinet (1988)”. Wise Music Classical. 2018年10月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年9月1日閲覧。

External links

ウィキメディア・コモンズには、Gisbert K/sandboxに関連するカテゴリがあります。

Template:Clarinet

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