English: Township-level demographic data is the most detailed data released in China currently. Associating the attribute table of demographic data with the one of administrative boundary data to realize spatial distribution of population, is significant to the research of geography, resources, environment, ecology, disasters, sustainable development, etc. This dataset establishes spatial matching of administrative divisions to township level demographic data released by National Bureau of Statistics in 2010 covering 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. Through topology processing, attribute matching, population density calculation and vector grid conversion, the township-level population density dataset of China (2010) was formed in the TIFF format.