ギョベクリ・テペ

北緯37.2233度 東経38.9224度 / 37.2233; 38.9224

発掘風景

ギョベクリ・テペの位置

ギョベクリ・テペ、2011年

ファイル:Gobekli.jpeg

動物の浮き彫り

雄牛の浮き彫り

動物の浮き彫り

ギョベクリ・テペ（Göbekli Tepe: "Potbelly Hill" ） は、アナトリア半島南東部、シャンルウルファ（前 ウルファ、エデッサ）の郊外（北東15km）の丘の上に在る新石器時代の遺跡。紀元前9000年頃に狩猟採集民によって建立された、世界最古とされる石造の宗教建築（神殿）が発見されている。　

年表

• 1964年、イスタンブール大学、シカゴ大学の調査により、丘にビザンチン時代の墓地があると推測される。
• 1994年、クラウス・シュミット（Klaus Schmidt、考古学者、ドイツ考古学研究所（German Archaeological Institute）イスタンブール支部）が訪問。
• 1995年、　ドイツ考古学研究所と、シャンルウルファ博物館による発掘開始

• 2010年、発展途上国の世界文化遺産保存を行う、地球遺産基金（Global Heritage Fund (GHF) ）の保護開始

関連項目

• ネヴァリ・コリ（Nevalı Çori）
• テル・アスワド（Tell Aswad）

　　

文献

• Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (ed.): Vor 12.000 Jahren in Anatolien. Die ältesten Monumente der Menschheit. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung im Badischen Landesmuseum vom 20. Januar bis zum 17. Juni 2007. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2072-8
• E.B. Banning, "So Fair a House: Göbekli Tepe and the Identification of Temples in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near East", Current Anthropology, 52.5 (October 2011), 619 ff.
• Andrew Curry, "Seeking the Roots of Ritual," Science 319 (18 January 2008), pp. 278–80: http://80.251.40.59/veterinary.ankara.edu.tr/fidanci/Yasam/Gelecege_Miras/Gobekli-Tepe.pdf
• Andrew Curry, "Göbekli Tepe: The World’s First Temple?". Smithsonian Magazine (November 2008): http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/gobekli-tepe.html
• DVD-ROM: MediaCultura (Hrsg.): Vor 12.000 Jahren in Anatolien. Die ältesten Monumente der Menschheit. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2090-2
• David Lewis-Williams and David Pearce, "An Accidental revolution? Early Neolithic religion and economic change", Minerva, 17 #4 (July/August, 2006), 29–31.
• Klaus-Dieter Linsmeier and Klaus Schmidt: Ein anatolisches Stonehenge. In: Moderne Archäologie. Spektrum-der-Wissenschaft-Verlag, Heidelberg 2003, 10–15, ISBN 3936278350.
• Charles C. Mann, "The Birth of Religion: The World's First Temple" National Geographic Vol. 219 No. 6 (June 2011), pp. 34–59: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/06/gobekli-tepe/mann-text
• Steven Mithen, After the Ice:A global human history, 20,000-5000 BC. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 2004, ISBN 0-674-01570-3. Pp. 65–69, 89–90.
• J. Peters & K. Schmidt: "Animals in the symbolic world of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, south-eastern Turkey: a preliminary assessment." Anthropozoologica 39.1 (2004), 179–218: http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/front/medias/publication/10613_Peters.pdf.
• K. Pustovoytov: Weathering rinds at exposed surfaces of limestone at Göbekli Tepe. In: Neo-lithics. Ex Oriente, Berlin 2000, 24–26 (14C-Dates)
• Sandra Scham, "The World's First Temple," Archaeology 61.6 (November/December 2008): http://www.archaeology.org/0811/abstracts/turkey.html
• K. Schmidt: Frühneolithische Tempel. Ein Forschungsbericht zum präkeramischen Neolithikum Obermesopotamiens. In: Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 130, Berlin 1998, 17–49, ISSN 0342-118X
• K. Schmidt: “Zuerst kam der Tempel, dann die Stadt.” Vorläufiger Bericht zu den Grabungen am Göbekli Tepe und am Gürcütepe 1995–1999. Istanbuler Mitteilungen 50 (2000): 5–41.
• K. Schmidt, 2000a = Göbekli Tepe and the rock art of the Near East, TÜBA-AR 3 (2000): 1–14.
• K. Schmidt, 2000b = Göbekli Tepe, Southeastern Turkey. A preliminary Report on the 1995–1999 Excavations. In: Palèorient CNRS Ed., Paris 2000: 26.1, 45–54, ISSN 0513-9345: http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/paleo_0153-9345_2000_num_26_1_4697
• K. Schmidt: Sie bauten die ersten Tempel. Das rätselhafte Heiligtum der Steinzeitjäger. Verlag C.H. Beck, München 2006, ISBN 3-406-53500-3.
• K. Schmidt, "Göbekli Tepe—the Stone Age Sanctuaries: New results of ongoing excavations with a special focus on sculptures and high reliefs," Documenta Praehistorica XXXVII (2010), 239–256: http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/authors37/37_21.pdf

外部リンク

• "GHF - Gobekli Tepe, Turkey - Overview", globalheritagefund.org:[1]
• Deutsches Archäoligisches Institut
• Frequently asked questions about Göbekli Tepe from thefirstpost.co.uk
• Göbekli Tepe – Archaeo Forums
• Göbekli Tepe preservation project summary by Global Heritage Fund
• Explore Göbekli Tepe with Google Earth on Global Heritage Network
• A comprehensive site challenging the archaeologist Klaus Schmidt's conclusions.

記事

• Which came first, monumental building projects or farming? Archaeo News 14 December 2008
• The Guardian report 23 April 2008
• Göbekli Tepe from Archaeology magazine
• 2010 article in Newsweek
• National Geographic
• Gobekli Tepe - Paradise Regained? Sean Thomas, Fortean Times, March 2007

写真

• Gallery from National Geographic

映像

• YouTube video on the discovery
• http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xemy0x_gobeklitepe-the-world-s-first-templ_shortfilms
• Göbekli Tepe Reconstructed from YouTube
• 3D Clay model reconstruction of Göbekli Tepe by National Geographic