PTPN11

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

これはこのページの過去の版です。Smilesworth (会話 | 投稿記録) による 2020年10月4日 (日) 17:43個人設定で未設定ならUTC)時点の版 (立体配座>コンフォメーション)であり、現在の版とは大きく異なる場合があります。

PTPN11
PDBに登録されている構造
PDBオルソログ検索: RCSB PDBe PDBj
PDBのIDコード一覧

2SHP, 3B7O, 3MOW, 3O5X, 3TKZ, 3TL0, 4DGP, 4DGX, 4GWF, 4H1O, 4JE4, 4JEG, 3ZM0, 3ZM1, 3ZM2, 3ZM3, 4H34, 4JMG, 4NWF, 4NWG, 4OHD, 4OHE, 4OHH, 4OHI, 4OHL, 4PVG, 4RDD, 4QSY, 5DF6, 5IBS, 5EHP, 5EHR, 5I6V, 5IBM

識別子
記号PTPN11, BPTP3, CFC, JMML, METCDS, NS1, PTP-1D, PTP2C, SH-PTP2, SH-PTP3, SHP2, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11
外部IDOMIM: 176876 MGI: 99511 HomoloGene: 2122 GeneCards: PTPN11
遺伝子の位置 (ヒト)
12番染色体 (ヒト)
染色体12番染色体 (ヒト)[1]
12番染色体 (ヒト)
PTPN11遺伝子の位置
PTPN11遺伝子の位置
バンドデータ無し開始点112,418,351 bp[1]
終点112,509,918 bp[1]
遺伝子の位置 (マウス)
5番染色体 (マウス)
染色体5番染色体 (マウス)[2]
5番染色体 (マウス)
PTPN11遺伝子の位置
PTPN11遺伝子の位置
バンドデータ無し開始点121,268,596 bp[2]
終点121,329,460 bp[2]
RNA発現パターン
さらなる参照発現データ
遺伝子オントロジー
分子機能 phospholipase binding
phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
insulin receptor binding
ホスファターゼ活性
receptor tyrosine kinase binding
peptide hormone receptor binding
血漿タンパク結合
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
加水分解酵素活性
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity
1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity
cell adhesion molecule binding
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
phosphotyrosine residue binding
protein domain specific binding
D1 dopamine receptor binding
insulin receptor substrate binding
protein tyrosine kinase binding
プロテインキナーゼ結合
細胞の構成要素 細胞質
細胞質基質
ミトコンドリア
細胞核
核質
高分子複合体
生物学的プロセス 脱リン酸化
megakaryocyte development
positive regulation of signal transduction
negative regulation of insulin secretion
regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
atrioventricular canal development
intestinal epithelial cell migration
organ growth
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of growth hormone secretion
axonogenesis
glucose homeostasis
regulation of protein export from nucleus
multicellular organism growth
regulation of multicellular organism growth
脂質代謝
ephrin receptor signaling pathway
abortive mitotic cell cycle
DNA damage checkpoint signaling
protein dephosphorylation
T cell costimulation
血小板形成
microvillus organization
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
性器発生
platelet activation
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
心臓発生
脳発生
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
hormone-mediated signaling pathway
integrin-mediated signaling pathway
Bergmann glial cell differentiation
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue
inner ear development
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of cortisol secretion
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation
ERBB signaling pathway
negative regulation of hormone secretion
triglyceride metabolic process
ホルモン代謝プロセス
positive regulation of hormone secretion
negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
face morphogenesis
cerebellar cortex formation
leukocyte migration
multicellular organismal reproductive process
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process
neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
軸索誘導
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
サイトカイン媒介シグナル伝達経路
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
cellular response to cytokine stimulus
cellular response to mechanical stimulus
positive regulation of interferon-beta production
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
positive regulation of glucose import
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
出典:Amigo / QuickGO
オルソログ
ヒトマウス
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq
(mRNA)

NM_002834
NM_080601
NM_001330437
NM_001374625
NM_018508

NM_001109992
NM_011202

RefSeq
(タンパク質)

NP_001317366
NP_002825
NP_542168
NP_001361554

NP_001103462
NP_035332

場所
(UCSC)
Chr 12: 112.42 – 112.51 MbChr 12: 121.27 – 121.33 Mb
PubMed検索[3][4]
ウィキデータ
閲覧/編集 ヒト閲覧/編集 マウス

PTPN11(Protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11)またはSHP2(Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2)は、ヒトではPTPN11遺伝子にコードされる酵素である。PTP-1D(protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D)、PTP-2C(protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C)としても知られ、プロテインチロシンホスファターゼ(PTP)である[5][6]

PTPN11はPTPファミリーに属する。PTPは、細胞増殖、細胞分化有糸分裂サイクル、発がん性形質転換など、さまざまな細胞過程を調節するシグナル伝達分子であることが知られている。PTPN11は2つのタンデムなSH2ドメインを含んでおり、リン酸化チロシン結合ドメインとして基質との相互作用を媒介する。大部分の組織で広く発現しており、有糸分裂の活性化、代謝の制御、転写の調節、細胞遊走など、幅広い細胞機能に重要なシグナル伝達を調節する役割を果たす。この遺伝子の変異はヌーナン症候群急性骨髄性白血病の原因となる[7]

構造と機能

SHP2は、パラログであるSHP1(PTPN6英語版)と同じく、N末端の2つのタンデムなSH2ドメインにPTPドメインが続くというドメイン構造をしている。不活性状態では、N末端のSH2ドメインがPTPドメインに結合して基質が活性部位へアクセスすることを防いでおり、自己阻害状態となっている。標的のリン酸化チロシン残基への結合に伴ってN末端のSH2ドメインはPTPドメインから解離し、自己阻害状態を解除することによって酵素を活性化する。

PTPN11と関係した遺伝子疾患

PTPN11遺伝子座ミスセンス変異はヌーナン症候群とLEOPARD症候群の双方と関係している。

また、メタコンドロマトーシスとも関係している[8]

ヌーナン症候群

ヌーナン症候群の症例におけるPTPN11の変異は遺伝子のコーディング領域全体にわたって広く分布しているが、すべて過剰活性化型や調節異常型のSHP2タンパク質の産生をもたらすようである。これらの変異の大部分は、自己阻害型コンフォメーションの維持に必要な、N末端のSH2ドメインと触媒コアとの相互作用面を破壊するものである[9]

LEOPARD症候群

LEPPARD症候群を引き起こす変異は酵素の触媒コアに影響を与える領域に限定されており、触媒活性が損なわれたSHP2タンパク質が産生される[10]。生化学的には反対の特徴を生じさせる変異が、ヌーナン症候群とLEPPARD症候群という類似した遺伝子疾患を引き起こす理由は今のところ明らかではない。

PTPN11と関係したがん

ヌーナン症候群を引き起こすPTPN11の変異の一部では、若年性骨髄単球性白血病の高い発病率も観察される。SHP2の活性化型変異は、神経芽細胞腫悪性黒色腫急性骨髄性白血病乳がん肺がん大腸がんでも検出されている[11]。近年では、NPM1英語版変異型の急性骨髄性白血病患者のコホート研究において、比較的高いPTPN11変異の保有率(24%)がみられることが次世代シーケンシングによって検出されている[12]。しかし、こうした関係が予後に与える重要性は明確にはされていない。こうしたデータはSHP2ががん原遺伝子である可能性を示唆している。一方で、PTPN11/SHP2が腫瘍形成の促進因子と抑制因子のいずれとしても作用しうることが報告されている[13]。老齢マウスモデルでは、肝細胞特異的なPTPN11/SHP2の欠失はSTAT3経路を介した炎症性シグナル伝達と肝細胞の炎症/壊死を促進し、結節性再生性過形成英語版と腫瘍形成を引き起こす。また、ヒトの肝細胞がん試料の一部ではPTPN11/SHP2の発現の低下が検出された[13]

ピロリ菌CagAタンパク質

ピロリ菌Helicobacter pylori胃がんと関係しているが、その一部はピロリ菌の病原性因子であるCagA英語版とSHP2との相互作用によるものであると考えられている[14]。CagAはピロリ菌によって胃上皮に挿入されるタンパク質である。Srcによるリン酸化によって活性化されると、CagAはSHP2に結合し、アロステリックにSHP2の活性化を引き起こす。その結果、形態学的変化と異常な有糸分裂促進シグナルが引き起こされ、持続的な活性によって宿主細胞のアポトーシスが引き起こされることもある。萎縮性胃炎消化性潰瘍、胃がんの発症におけるcagA陽性ピロリ菌の役割が疫学的研究によって示されている[15]

相互作用

PRPN11は次に挙げる因子と相互作用することが示されている。

出典

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000179295 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000043733 - Ensembl, May 2017
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  4. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:
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関連文献

  • Tie-1 receptor tyrosine kinase endodomain interaction with SHP2: potential signalling mechanisms and roles in angiogenesis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 476. (2000). 35–46. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4221-6_3. ISBN 978-1-4613-6895-3. PMID 10949653 
  • “SH2-B and SIRP: JAK2 binding proteins that modulate the actions of growth hormone.”. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 55: 293–311. (2000). PMID 11036942. 
  • “Absence of PTPN11 mutations in 28 cases of cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome”. Hum. Genet. 111 (4–5): 421–7. (2002). doi:10.1007/s00439-002-0803-6. PMID 12384786. 
  • “Mutations of PTPN11 are rare in adult myeloid malignancies.”. Haematologica 90 (6): 853–4. (2006). PMID 15951301. 
  • “Germ-line and somatic PTPN11 mutations in human disease.”. European Journal of Medical Genetics 48 (2): 81–96. (2005). doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.03.001. PMID 16053901. 
  • “PTPN11 mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes.”. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews : PER 2 (4): 669–74. (2006). PMID 16208280. 
  • “Shp2-mediated molecular signaling in control of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.”. Cell Res. 17 (1): 37–41. (2007). doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7310140. PMID 17211446. 
  • “How do Shp2 mutations that oppositely influence its biochemical activity result in syndromes with overlapping symptoms?”. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64 (13): 1585–90. (2007). doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6509-0. PMID 17453145. 

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