ユダス・マカベウス
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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ユダス・マカベウス（Judas Maccabaeus）は、ゲオルク・フリードリヒ・ヘンデルのオラトリオHWV63。
目次 |
[編集] 概要
初演は1747年4月1日コヴェント・ガーデン。メサイア (ヘンデル)に次いで人気の高いオラトリオである。
ユダ・マカバイは偶像崇拝を強要する異教徒の圧制からイスラエルを解放した英雄であり、マカバイ記に登場する。ただし、マカバイ記は外典であり、プロテスタントにおいては聖書ではない。
1884年、「見よ勇者は帰る」See the conquering hero comesに聖句から讃美歌の歌詞が付けられ、「よろこべやたたえよや」として歌われている。この曲は日本では「得賞歌」としてよく表彰式における表彰のBGMに使われるが、欧米諸国ではクリスマスの歌としてよく歌われる。スズキ・メソードではヴァイオリン用の練習曲になっている。ベートーヴェンは、この曲によるチェロとピアノのための変奏曲を作曲している（WoO 45、1796年）。
[編集] 編成
[編集] 人物
- ユダス・マカベウス Judas Maccabaeus (tenor)
- シモン・マカベウス（弟） Simon, his Brother (bass)
- イスラエルの婦人 Israelitish Woman (soprano)
- イスラエル人 Israelitish Man (mezzo-soprano)
- ローマへのユダヤの大使 Eupolemus, the Jewish Ambassador to Rome (alto)
- 最初の使い First Messenger (alto)
- 第二の使い Second Messenger (bass)
- イスラエル人の合唱 Chorus of Israelites
- 青年の合唱 Chorus of Youths
- 処女の合唱 Chorus of Virgins
1747年初演時の歌手
- ユダス・マカベウス: John Beard
- イスラエル人: Caterina Galli (mezzo-soprano)
- イスラエルの婦人: Elisabetta de Gambarini (soprano)
- ユダスの弟シモン: Thomas Reinhold (bass)
- ローマへのユダヤの大使 : Thomas Reinhold
[編集] 構成
| Part | No. | Type | Title | Voices | Tempo | Time Signature | Key Signature |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Overture | Largo, Allegro, Largo | 4/4, 3/8, 4/4 | G minor | ||
| 1 | 2 | Chorus | Mourn, ye afflicted children | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Largo | 4/4 | C minor |
| 1 | 3 | Recitative | Well may your sorrows | Israelitish man (Tenor) | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 4 | Duet | From this dread scene | Israelitish man (Tenor), Israelitish woman |
Andante e staccato | 3/4 | G minor |
| 1 | 5 | Chorus | For Sion lamentation make | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Larghetto e un poco piano, Adagio | 12/8, 4/4 | F minor |
| 1 | 6 | Recitative | Not vain is all this storm of grief | Simon | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 7 | Air | Pious orgies | Israelitish woman | Largo e sostenuto | 4/4 | G major |
| 1 | 8 | Chorus | O Father, whose Almighty power | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Larghetto, Allegro | 3/4, 4/4 | B flat major |
| 1 | 9 | Recitative (accompanied) |
I feel the Deity within | Simon | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 10 | Air | Arm, arm, ye brave | Simon | Allegro | 4/4 | C major |
| 1 | 11 | Chorus | We come, in bright array | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro | 3/4 | C major |
| 1 | 12 | Recitative | ‘Tis well, my friends | Judas Maccabaeus | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 13 | Air | Call forth thy powers | Judas Maccabaeus | Allegro | 4/4 | D major |
| 1 | 14 | Recitative | To Heaven’s Almighty King we kneel | Israelitish woman | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 15 | Air | O Liberty, thou choicest treasure | Israelitish woman | Largo | 4/4 | A major |
| 1 | 16 | Air | Come, ever-smiling Liberty | Israelitish woman | Andante | 6/8 | A major |
| 1 | 17 | Recitative | O Judas, may these noble views inspire | Israelitish man | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 18 | Air | ‘Tis Liberty | Israelitish man | Larghetto, Adagio, Larghetto | 4/4 | E major |
| 1 | 19 | Duet | Come, ever-smiling Liberty | Israelitish woman, Israelitish man (mezzo-soprano) |
Andante | 6/8 | A major |
| 1 | 20 | Chorus | Lead on, lead on | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro | 4/4 | D major |
| 1 | 21 | Recitative (end accompanied) |
So willed my father | Judas Maccabaeus | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 22 | Chorus | Disdainful of danger | Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro | 3/8 | G major |
| 1 | 23 | Recitative | Ambition! if e’er honour was thine aim | Judas Maccabaeus | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 24 | Air | No unhallow’d desire | Judas Maccabaeus | Allegro | 6/8 | B flat major |
| 1 | 25 | Recitative | Haste we, my brethren | Israelitish man (Tenor) | 4/4 | ||
| 1 | 26 | Chorus | Hear us, O Lord | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | A tempo giusto | 4/4 | F major |
| 2 | 27 | Chorus | Fallen is the foe | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro moderato | 4/4 | D minor |
| 2 | 28 | Recitative | Victorious hero | Israelitish man | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 29 | Air | So rapid thy course is | Israelitish man | Allegro, Adagio (last five bars) | 3/8 | G major |
| 2 | 30 | Recitative | Well may hope our freedom to receive | Israelitish man (Soprano) | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 31 | Duet | Sion now her head shall raise | Israelitish woman, Israelitish man (Soprano) |
Andante | 3/4 | G major |
| 2 | 32 | Chorus | Tune your harps | Soprano (1st & 2nd), Alto, Tenor, Bass | Andante | 3/4 | G major |
| 2 | 33 | Recitative | O let eternal honours crown his name | Israelitish woman | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 34 | Air | From mighty kings he took the spoil | Israelitish woman | Andante, Allegro (fine) | 12/8, 4/4 (fine) | A major |
| 2 | 35 | Duet | Hail, Judea, happy land | Israelitish man (Contralto), Israelitish woman |
Allegro | 4/4 | D major |
| 2 | 36 | Chorus | Hail, Judea, happy land | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro | 4/4 | D major |
| 2 | 37 | Recitative | Thanks to my brethren | Judas Maccabaeus | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 38 | Air | How vain is man who boasts in fight | Judas Maccabaeus | Andante | 4/4 | F major |
| 2 | 39 | Recitative | O Judas! O my brethren | Israelitish messenger (Alto) | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 40 | Air | Ah! wretched Israel | Israelitish woman | Largo | 3/4 | C minor |
| 2 | 41 | Chorus | Ah! wretched Israel | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Largo, Adagio (ending) | 3/4 | C minor |
| 2 | 42 | Recitative | Be comforted | Simon | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 43 | Air | The Lord worketh wonders | Simon | Allegro | 4/4 | A minor |
| 2 | 44 | Recitative | My arms! against this Gorgias will I go | Judas Maccabaeus | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 45 | Air | Sound an alarm | Judas Maccabaeus | Allegro | 6/8 | D major |
| 2 | 46 | Chorus | We hear | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro | 6/8 | D major |
| 2 | 47 | Recitative | Enough! to Heaven we leave | Simon | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 48 | Air | With pious hearts | Simon | Larghetto | 3/4 | G minor |
| 2 | 49 | Recitative | Ye worshippers of God | Israelitish man (Contralto) | 4/4 | ||
| 2 | 50 | Air | Wise men, flattering, may deceive you | Israelitish woman | Larghetto | 3/4 | F major |
| 2 | 51 | Duet | O never bow we down | Israelitish woman, Israelitish man (Contralto) |
Andante | 3/4 | C minor |
| 2 | 52 | Chorus | We never will bow down | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Andante | 3/4 | C minor, C major |
| 3 | 53 | Air | Father of Heaven | Priest | Andante larghetto | 4/4 | F major |
| 3 | 54 | Recitative | See, see yon flames | Israelitish man (Contralto) | 4/4 | ||
| 3 | 55 | Recitative | O grant it, Heaven | Israelitish woman | 4/4 | ||
| 3 | 56 | Air | So shall the lute and harp awake | Israelitish woman | Allegro, Adagio (ending) | 4/4 | B flat major |
| 3 | 57 | Recitative | From Capharsalama | Israelitish messenger (Alto), Israelitish messenger (Bass) |
4/4 | ||
| 3 | 58 | Chorus of Youths; Chorus of Virgins; Chorus |
See the conquering hero comes | Soprano (1st & 2nd), Alto; Soprano (1st & 2nd); Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass |
2/2 | G major | |
| 3 | 59 | March | Allegro | 2/2 | G major | ||
| 3 | 60 | Solo; Chorus | Sing unto God | Alto; Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro | 4/4 | D major |
| 3 | 61 | Recitative | Sweet flow the strains | Judas Maccabaeus | 4/4 | ||
| 3 | 62 | Air | With honour let desert be crowned | Judas Maccabaeus | Andante larghetto | 4/4 | A minor |
| 3 | 63 | Recitative | Peace to my countrymen | Eupolemus | 4/4 | ||
| 3 | 64 | Chorus | To our great God | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro | 4/4 | G minor |
| 3 | 65 | Recitative | Again to earth let gratitude descend | Israelitish woman | 4/4 | ||
| 3 | 66 | Duet | O lovely peace | Israelitish woman, Israelitish man (Contralto) |
Allegro | 6/8 | G major |
| 3 | 67 | Air | Rejoice, O Judah | Simon | Andante allegro | 4/4 | D major |
| 3 | 68 | Chorus | Hallelujah, Amen | Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass | Allegro, Adagio (ending) | 4/4 | D major |
